Britain is facing legal action in the European Court of Justice for failing to comply with free movement rules, even though it has left the European Union.
Brussels has begun infringement proceedings giving the UK government four months to “address the shortcomings” or be referred to the Luxembourg court in a case which could end in financial penalties.
According to the European Commission, UK national laws are unfairly restricting the rights of EU citizens under free movement legislation and could adversely affect their rights after the end of the transition period which will see Britain cease to be subject to European directives on 31 December.
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An infringement decision issued by the Commission stated that the UK has breached the free movement directive as well as three articles of the EU’s treaties by failing to “comply with EU law on the free movement of EU citizens and their family members”.
And it added: “EU law on free movement of persons continues to apply to and in the United Kingdom as if it were still an EU member state during the transition period.
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A message projected onto the White Cliffs of Dover
Sky News/AFP via Getty
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Getty
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Big Ben, shows the hands at eleven o’clock at night
AFP via Getty Images
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Nigel Farage speaks to pro-Brexit supporters
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Pro-Brexit demonstrators celebrate on Parliament Square
REUTERS
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The Union flag is taken down outside the European Parliament in Brussels
PA
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Pro-EU campaigners outside the Scottish Parliament, Edinburgh
PA
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A pro-Brexit supporter jumps on an EU flag in Parliament Square
PA
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EU Council staff removed the Union Jack-British flag from the European Council in Brussels, Belgium
EPA
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A pro-Brexit supporter pours beer onto an EU flag
PA
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Pedestrians pass in front of the Ministry of Defence Building on Whitehall, illuminated by red, white and blue lights in central London
AFP via Getty Images
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A Brexit supporter shouts during a rally in London
AP
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Pro-EU campaigners outside the Scottish Parliament, Edinburgh
PA
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Pro-EU campaigners take part in a ‘Missing EU Already’ rally outside the Scottish Parliament, Edinburgh
PA
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A large pro-EU banner is projected onto Ramsgate cliff in Kent
PA
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Pro-EU supporters light candles in Smith Square in Westminster
PA
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A man waves Union flags from a small car as he drives past Brexit supporters gathering in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty Images
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The five-year old Elisa Saemann, left, and her seven-year old sister Katie hold a placard during a rally by anti-Brexit protesters outside the Scottish parliament in Edinburgh
AP
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Pro Europe supporters gather on Brexit day near the British embassy in Berlin, Germany
EPA
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Anti-Brexit protester hugs a man while holding a placard
REUTERS
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A decorated, old fashioned fire pump in Parliament Square
PA
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Pro Brexit Elvis impersonator performs at Parliament Square
Getty Images
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An anti-Brexiteers stands with his dog in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty Images
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Paddy from Bournemouth wears Union colours as he sits next to an EU flag decorated bag in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty Images
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A pro-EU activist plays a guitar decorated with the EU flag during a protest organised by civil rights group New Europeans outside Europe House, central London
AFP via Getty Images
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People celebrate Britain leaving the EU
REUTERS
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A Pro Brexit supporter has a Union Jack painted onto his face at Parliament Square
Getty Images
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Men hold placards celebrating Britain leaving the EU
REUTERS
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Pro Brexit supporters dance in the street draped with Union Jack flags at Parliament Square
Getty Images
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An anti-Brexit demonstrator spreads his wings during a gathering near Downing Street
AP
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Pro EU supporters display a banner ‘ Here to Stay, Here to Fight, Migrants In, Tories Out’ from Westminster bridge
EPA
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Pro-Brexit supporters burn European Union flags at Parliament Square
Getty
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A man poses for a picture on Parliament Square in a ‘Brexit Day’ t-shirt
Reuters
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People celebrate Britain leaving the EU
Reuters
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AFP via Getty
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A man wears a pro-Brexit t-shirt
Reuters
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Anti-Brexit demonstrators visit Europe House to give flowers to the staff on Brexit day
Reuters
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Pro Brexit supporter wears a novelty Union Jack top hat outside the Houses of Parliament
Getty Images
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Customers Scott Jones and Laura Jones at the Sawmill Bar in South Elmsall, Yorkshire, where a Brexit party is being held throughout the day
PA
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AP
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Pro-EU activists protest
Getty Images
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A pro-Brexit demonstrator burns a European Union flag
AP
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Pro Brexit supporters
Getty Images
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Pro Brexit supporters
Getty Images
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A Brexit supports holds a sign in Parliament Square
AP
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A man carries an EU themed wreath
Reuters
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Ann Widdecombe reacts with other members of the Brexit party as they leave en masse from the European Parliament
PA
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Anti-Brexit demonstrators in Parliament Square
PA
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Pro EU supporters let off flares from Westminster Bridge
Getty
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British MEPs Jonathan Bullock, holding the Union Jack flag and Jake Pugh leave the European Parliament, in Brussels on the Brexit day
AFP via Getty
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Newspapers and other souvenirs at a store, near Parliament Square
Reuters
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Brexit supporters hold signs in Parliament Square
AP
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Pro-EU protesters hold placards in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty
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French newspapers
PA
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Sinn Fein leader Mary Lou McDonald with a Border Communities Against Brexit poster before its unveiling in Carrickcarnon on the Irish border
PA
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National growers organisation British Apples & Pears has renamed a British apple to EOS, the Greek goddess of dawn, to commemorate Brexit day
AP
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Pro-EU protesters hold placards in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty
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Britain’s departure from the European Union was set in law on January 29, amid emotional scenes, as the bloc’s parliament voted to ratify the divorce papers. After half a century of membership and three years of tense withdrawal talks, the UK will leave the EU at midnight Brussels time (23.00 GMT) on January 31
Reuters
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A man poses with paintings on Parliament Square
Reuters
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People sporting Union Flags gather in Parliament Square
Getty
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A man walks with a St. George’s flag at Westminster bridge on Brexit day
Reuters
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A British bulldog toy and other souvenirs at a souvenir store
Reuters
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British pro-brexit Members of the European Parliament leave the EU Parliament for the last time
Reuters
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Jonathan Bullock waves the Union Jack as he leaves the European Parliament
EPA
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A message projected onto the White Cliffs of Dover
Sky News/AFP via Getty
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Getty
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Big Ben, shows the hands at eleven o’clock at night
AFP via Getty Images
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Nigel Farage speaks to pro-Brexit supporters
PA
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Pro-Brexit demonstrators celebrate on Parliament Square
REUTERS
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The Union flag is taken down outside the European Parliament in Brussels
PA
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Pro-EU campaigners outside the Scottish Parliament, Edinburgh
PA
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A pro-Brexit supporter jumps on an EU flag in Parliament Square
PA
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EU Council staff removed the Union Jack-British flag from the European Council in Brussels, Belgium
EPA
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A pro-Brexit supporter pours beer onto an EU flag
PA
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Pedestrians pass in front of the Ministry of Defence Building on Whitehall, illuminated by red, white and blue lights in central London
AFP via Getty Images
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A Brexit supporter shouts during a rally in London
AP
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Pro-EU campaigners outside the Scottish Parliament, Edinburgh
PA
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Pro-EU campaigners take part in a ‘Missing EU Already’ rally outside the Scottish Parliament, Edinburgh
PA
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A large pro-EU banner is projected onto Ramsgate cliff in Kent
PA
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Pro-EU supporters light candles in Smith Square in Westminster
PA
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A man waves Union flags from a small car as he drives past Brexit supporters gathering in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty Images
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The five-year old Elisa Saemann, left, and her seven-year old sister Katie hold a placard during a rally by anti-Brexit protesters outside the Scottish parliament in Edinburgh
AP
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Pro Europe supporters gather on Brexit day near the British embassy in Berlin, Germany
EPA
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Anti-Brexit protester hugs a man while holding a placard
REUTERS
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A decorated, old fashioned fire pump in Parliament Square
PA
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Pro Brexit Elvis impersonator performs at Parliament Square
Getty Images
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An anti-Brexiteers stands with his dog in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty Images
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Paddy from Bournemouth wears Union colours as he sits next to an EU flag decorated bag in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty Images
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A pro-EU activist plays a guitar decorated with the EU flag during a protest organised by civil rights group New Europeans outside Europe House, central London
AFP via Getty Images
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People celebrate Britain leaving the EU
REUTERS
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A Pro Brexit supporter has a Union Jack painted onto his face at Parliament Square
Getty Images
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Men hold placards celebrating Britain leaving the EU
REUTERS
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Pro Brexit supporters dance in the street draped with Union Jack flags at Parliament Square
Getty Images
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An anti-Brexit demonstrator spreads his wings during a gathering near Downing Street
AP
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Pro EU supporters display a banner ‘ Here to Stay, Here to Fight, Migrants In, Tories Out’ from Westminster bridge
EPA
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Pro-Brexit supporters burn European Union flags at Parliament Square
Getty
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A man poses for a picture on Parliament Square in a ‘Brexit Day’ t-shirt
Reuters
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People celebrate Britain leaving the EU
Reuters
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AFP via Getty
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A man wears a pro-Brexit t-shirt
Reuters
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Anti-Brexit demonstrators visit Europe House to give flowers to the staff on Brexit day
Reuters
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Pro Brexit supporter wears a novelty Union Jack top hat outside the Houses of Parliament
Getty Images
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Customers Scott Jones and Laura Jones at the Sawmill Bar in South Elmsall, Yorkshire, where a Brexit party is being held throughout the day
PA
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AP
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Getty
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Getty Images
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Pro-EU activists protest
Getty Images
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A pro-Brexit demonstrator burns a European Union flag
AP
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Pro Brexit supporters
Getty Images
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Pro Brexit supporters
Getty Images
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A Brexit supports holds a sign in Parliament Square
AP
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A man carries an EU themed wreath
Reuters
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Ann Widdecombe reacts with other members of the Brexit party as they leave en masse from the European Parliament
PA
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Anti-Brexit demonstrators in Parliament Square
PA
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Pro EU supporters let off flares from Westminster Bridge
Getty
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British MEPs Jonathan Bullock, holding the Union Jack flag and Jake Pugh leave the European Parliament, in Brussels on the Brexit day
AFP via Getty
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Newspapers and other souvenirs at a store, near Parliament Square
Reuters
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Brexit supporters hold signs in Parliament Square
AP
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Pro-EU protesters hold placards in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty
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French newspapers
PA
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Sinn Fein leader Mary Lou McDonald with a Border Communities Against Brexit poster before its unveiling in Carrickcarnon on the Irish border
PA
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National growers organisation British Apples & Pears has renamed a British apple to EOS, the Greek goddess of dawn, to commemorate Brexit day
AP
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Pro-EU protesters hold placards in Parliament Square
AFP via Getty
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Britain’s departure from the European Union was set in law on January 29, amid emotional scenes, as the bloc’s parliament voted to ratify the divorce papers. After half a century of membership and three years of tense withdrawal talks, the UK will leave the EU at midnight Brussels time (23.00 GMT) on January 31
Reuters
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A man poses with paintings on Parliament Square
Reuters
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People sporting Union Flags gather in Parliament Square
Getty
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A man walks with a St. George’s flag at Westminster bridge on Brexit day
Reuters
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A British bulldog toy and other souvenirs at a souvenir store
Reuters
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British pro-brexit Members of the European Parliament leave the EU Parliament for the last time
Reuters
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Jonathan Bullock waves the Union Jack as he leaves the European Parliament
EPA
“Furthermore, the rights of EU citizens resident in the UK after the end of the transition period, as set out in the Withdrawal Agreement, are built on the rights that they currently enjoy in the United Kingdom under EU rules.
“The United Kingdom’s shortcomings in the implementation and transposition of EU free movement law risks therefore also affecting the implementation of the citizens’ rights under the Withdrawal Agreement after the end of the transition period.”
Commission spokesman Christian Wigand told a Brussels press briefing: “On substance, the commission is of the view that the United Kingdom has, over the last few years, limited the scope of beneficiaries of EU free movement law in the United Kingdom as well as the possibilities for EU citizens and their family members to appeal administrative decisions restricting free movement rights.”
The Prime Minister’s official spokesman said: “We will look at what the EU has to say and we will respond in due course.”
The UK formally left the EU on 31 January but is now in a transition period during which it follows Brussels’ rules without having a say in how they are made.
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Liberal Democrat home affairs spokesperson Christine Jardine said: “It is beyond frustrating that it has got to the point where the UK government is facing legal action to protect the rights of people who contribute so much to this country. The fact that the commission feels it has to take this action to protect rights after the transition period reflects terribly on the UK government and their actions.
“The current crisis has made it clear just how vital immigration is. For our NHS and social care systems, EU workers are key.
“Liberal Democrats will continue to call on the Government to scrap its damaging immigration plans and instead build a fair, effective immigration system that treats everyone with dignity and respect.”
Additional reporting by Press Association