Joe Biden will on Wednesday sign an executive order meant to improve police accountability.

White House officials said the signing would mark the second anniversary of the murder of George Floyd, who died when a Minneapolis police officer knelt on his neck for more than nine minutes.

The order, drafted in the absence of legislative action, directs federal agencies to revise use-of-force policies, banning tactics such as chokeholds and restricting practices like no-knock warrants.

It also calls for the creation of a new national standard for accrediting police departments; establishes a national database to track police misconduct; further restricts the transfer of military equipment to police departments; and requires agencies to implement new tools to screen for inherent bias among officers as well as recruits, including those who promote unlawful violence or harbor white supremacist views.

The order, which will apply to more than 100,000 federal law enforcement officers, is a reflection of a delicate balance Biden is attempting to strike on policing, as advocates and progressives push him to fulfill a campaign promise to hold police accountable and Republicans seize on such calls to paint Democrats as anti-law enforcement.

Officials said the order was written after more than 100 hours’ work and as many meetings with stakeholders including law enforcement officials, lawmakers, civil rights and civil liberties groups and families of victims of police violence. After outcry over a draft version, some major policing organizations have endorsed the order.

Pressure has been building on the White House since the collapse of negotiations over a police reform bill named in Floyd’s honor. His death, on 25 May 2020, ignited a national movement against racial injustice and dramatically shifted long-held views on racism and policing.

Derek Chauvin, the officer who knelt on Floyd’s neck, was convicted of murder and sentenced to 22-and-a-half years in prison. Three other former officers were convicted in federal court of violating Floyd’s civil rights.

Family members of Floyd and Breonna Taylor, a Black woman killed when police executed a no-knock warrant at her apartment in 2020, will join Biden at the White House on Wednesday afternoon for a ceremony in which the president will speak and sign the order. Police officers and civil rights leaders will also be in attendance.

“We know full well that an executive order cannot address America’s policing crisis the same way Congress has the ability to but we’ve got to do everything we can,” Derrick Johnson, the president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, who will attend Wednesday’s signing ceremony, said in a statement.

“There’s no better way to honor George Floyd’s legacy than for President Biden to take action by signing a police reform executive order.”

The order applies only to federal agencies. Biden does not have direct authority over state and local agencies. But White House officials said the order incentivizes all law enforcement agencies to participate in the police registry and to adopt the new accountability standards and de-escalation policies.

Less than six months before the midterm elections, Democrats are navigating a complicated political landscape. Republicans have sought to blame Democrats for rises in violent crime in some cities, attributing it to calls from activists after Floyd’s death to slash police funding.

As a candidate and as president, Biden has denounced efforts to “defund the police”, repeating, to the frustration of some in his party, that departments need more funding, not less.

On a call with reporters on Tuesday night, White House officials said the order was no substitute for legislative action.

“We started with the backbone of the George Floyd Justice and Policing Act,” a senior White House official said. “In some places, we went beyond what was in the act based on feedback we heard from stakeholders. In other aspects we were constrained by the inherent limits of executive authority.”

When a draft version of the order was leaked earlier this year, some law enforcement groups found some of the language objectionable. Particularly offensive to them, according to a February report in the New York Times, was a reference to “systemic racism” within US criminal justice.

A White House official said the text had been revised and improved based on input from stakeholders but would not say if the document made explicit reference to systemic racism.

The official said the order “does not hide from the truth that we need reform in policing and in our larger criminal justice system, and that includes addressing systemic racism”.