Revealing the Clash of Our Time: Generations, Not Nations

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<h1 class=”entry-title”>Revealing the Clash of Our Time: Generations, Not Nations</h1><h2 class=’main-sub-title’></h2><div class=’post-summary’>Samuel P. Huntington argued that global conflict after the Cold War would emerge between civilizations. Three decades later, those civilizational tensions remain — but a second, cross-cutting divide is transforming politics from within: the generational fault line. Gen Z, raised under economic precarity, climate instability and digital hyper-connectivity, is confronting institutions built by older elites.</div> <div class=”single-authors”>By <span id=”authorname”></span></div>
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<p>When American political scientist <a href=”https://www.britannica.com/biography/Samuel-P-Huntington” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Samuel P. Huntington</a> published <a href=”https://share.google/NbwdJqBGbLK4SWgkq” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”><em>The Clash of Civilizations</em></a>, he argued that post-Cold War conflict would shift from ideology to culture, with Western, Islamic, Sinic and other blocs clashing along deep cultural fault lines. Three decades later, his map still explains much of the world’s violence: leaders in Ukraine, Gaza, Myanmar and India routinely invoke “civilizational defense,” showing how cultural identity remains a powerful political weapon.</p>

<p>Huntington remains relevant not because he foresaw specific crises, but because he recognized how elites use civilizational narratives to legitimize exclusion and mobilize support. Yet his framework missed a crucial overlay: the internal fractures within civilizations themselves, especially a rising generational divide.</p>

<p>Huntington did not anticipate that young people across very different cultural blocs would face strikingly similar economic and ecological disruptions, producing grievances rooted not in civilizational identity but in shared material insecurity. This internal rift is visible from Muslim-majority Bangladesh to Nepal’s Hindu-Buddhist politics to Western democracies, where young people confront ruling elites who benefited from systems no longer delivering for younger cohorts.</p>

<p>These parallel movements show that today’s conflicts are shaped as much by generational struggles within civilizations as by cultural boundaries between them. Huntington mapped the external edges; the generational fault lines running through his civilizations are the missing layer needed to understand contemporary upheaval.</p>

<h2 class=”wp-block-heading”>How intergenerational inequality reshapes conflict</h2>

<p>Intergenerational inequality has become a structural force driving unrest because young people across civilizations now enter adulthood under conditions fundamentally different from their elders. A harmonized study of 42 countries shows that intergenerational income inequality (IGI) <strong> </strong>has <a href=”https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/267028″ target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>risen sharply</a> in most high-income states, as younger adults face widening wage and employment gaps while older cohorts benefit from asset gains and protected job markets.</p>

<p>At the same time, global reviews show that inequality between countries hasfallen while <a href=”https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3903823″ target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>inequality within</a> them has grown, creating internal hierarchies that disproportionately burden younger generations. These patterns explain why young adults from the US and the UK to Bangladesh and Kenya share a vocabulary of exclusion grounded not in culture but in <a href=”https://www.britannica.com/event/Generation-Z-protests” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>material disadvantage</a>: debt, insecure work, unaffordable housing and limited mobility.</p>

<p>Scholars argue that this economic gap is reshaping politics by producing distinct “historical generations” formed during periods of crisis — financial collapse, climate instability and pandemic disruption. Youth movements emerge when a generation’s ideals collide with existing institutions, generating conflict with entrenched systems rather than with elders as individuals.</p>

<p>A “<a href=”https://cvandevelde.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Vandevelde_Global-perspectives-on-youth-and-intergenerational-relations_2024.pdf?utm_source=chatgpt.com” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>generational us</a>,”as described by Sociologist Cécile Van de Velde, forms when young adults recognize that broader structures favor older insiders. This aligns with theories that youth activism reflects both developmental needs for agency and the unique “generational <a href=”https://www.e-ir.info/2016/08/09/taking-time-seriously-and-the-value-of-generational-analysis-in-ir/#:~:text=In%20contrast%20to%20a%20linear,living%20in%20different%20’times’.” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>times</a>” in which they come of age, clarifying why generational pressures now fracture civilizations from within while extending — rather than replacing — Huntington’s framework.</p>

<h2 class=”wp-block-heading”>How Gen Z mobilization extends Huntington’s thesis</h2>

<p>Any claim about a “clash of generations” must reckon with history. The <a href=”https://www.ghi-dc.org/fileadmin/publications/Bulletin_Supplement/Supplement_6/supp6.pdf” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>late 1960s</a> and 1970s saw an unprecedented wave of youth uprisings — from Paris and Prague to Mexico City, Karachi and Berkeley — that challenged authoritarianism, colonial wars and rigid gender norms. Some historians <a href=”https://docupedia.de/zg/brown_1968_v1_en_2012″ target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>now describe</a> 1968 as a transnational youth revolt, linked by television, travel and a shared vocabulary of anti-imperialism and liberation. </p>

<p>Those movements, however, were still largely organized through national student unions, parties and ideological currents — socialism, Maoism, anticolonial nationalism, feminism. Many tried to build new “isms” and institutions: radical parties, alternative universities and new media. Their victories and defeats helped create the world we inherited, from expanded university systems to more liberal cultural norms.</p>

<p>By contrast, today’s Gen Z mobilizations arise after those ideological projects have frayed. Austerity, privatization and climate breakdown have undermined faith in both old socialist and neoliberal promises.</p>

<p>Young people organize around more concrete and immediate demands — affordable housing, an end to police abuse, climate safety, honest elections — and less around grand blueprints for utopia. Sociologists of contemporary movements in Spain and Italy describe a “<a href=”https://rua.ua.es/server/api/core/bitstreams/53bfcedc-135c-493b-b77c-bf6d6ee85c11/content” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>precarious generation</a>” whose protests reflect frustration with unstable jobs and shrinking welfare states.</p>

<p>Digital media also changes the scale and speed of connection. When the climate movement <a href=”https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/environmental-sciences/september-2019-climate-strikes” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Fridays for Future</a> called a global strike in September 2019, an estimated 6 million people joined protests in over 150 countries, making it one of the largest coordinated youth mobilizations in history.</p>

<p>Gen Z is not the first protest generation. What is new is that they act as a global political generation formed in a hyper-connected, unequal and warming world where older ideological projects appear exhausted.</p>

<h2 class=”wp-block-heading”>Gen Z uprisings across the Global South</h2>

<p>Recent uprisings from Dhaka to Jakarta show how generational anger erupts inside very different “civilizations,” exposing shared grievances beneath local histories.</p>

<p>In <a href=”https://www.aljazeera.com/news/longform/2024/8/7/how-bangladeshs-gen-z-protests-brought-down-pm-sheikh-hasina” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Bangladesh</a>, student protests over a public-sector quota system in 2024 quickly escalated into a nationwide revolt against authoritarian rule, joblessness and police violence. Weeks of marches and strikes ended with Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina’s resignation after the military refused to sustain a harsh crackdown. UN officials and rights groups documented hundreds of killings and alleged that the true toll may <a href=”https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/un-estimates-up-to-1400-killed-in-bangladesh-during-crackdown-on-protests-last-year” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>exceed 1,400</a>, underscoring the extraordinary price young Bangladeshis paid to force political change.</p>

<p>Nepal reveals a related dynamic through the ballot box. The 2022 election of rapper-engineer <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balen_Shah” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Balendra “Balen” Shah</a> as Kathmandu’s mayor reflected young urban voters’ frustration with corruption, pollution and stagnant services. Youth campaigns such as “<a href=”https://www.asiamediacentre.org.nz/features/enough-is-enough-in-nepal” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Enough is Enough</a>” and the rise of the <a href=”https://kathmandupost.com/politics/2023/08/06/how-serious-is-the-rastriya-prajatantra-party-about-promoting-youth-leaders-and-meritocracy” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Rastriya Swatantra Party</a> channel a broader rejection of an older political class that promised federal democracy but delivered patronage and gridlock.</p>

<p>Indonesia’s <a href=”https://www.csis.org/analysis/indonesia-protests-amid-economic-anxieties-and-police-violence” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>recent unrest</a> similarly showed how quickly discontent spreads. Revelations about lavish parliamentary perks triggered youth-led demonstrations <a href=”https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/whats-fuelling-rage-indonesia-2025-09-02/” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>across 32</a> of 38 provinces, coordinated on TikTok and messaging apps, resulting in several deaths and more than a thousand arrests.</p>

<p>Kenya offers another parallel: in 2024, Gen Z-led protests against a punitive <a href=”https://thenonviolenceproject.wisc.edu/2025/04/29/kenya-finance-bill-protests/” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>finance bill</a> forced the government to retreat even after security forces killed and disappeared demonstrators.</p>

<p>The most noticeable aspect of the “Gen Z” movement is that many of these movements are deliberately decentralized, more like swarms <a href=”https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/gen-z-protesters-around-the-world-lead-wave-of-generational-discontent” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>than hierarchies</a>. As an expat participant of the Gen Z uprising in Bangladesh 2024, I closely observed this complex pattern. It was led by a generation, not political leaders. But people from all generations and walks of life spontaneously participated.</p>

<p>Taken together, these cases reveal young people confronting older ruling blocs <em>within</em> their own societies, often against the background of civilizational rhetoric deployed by those very elites.</p>

<h2 class=”wp-block-heading”>When youth take power: beyond identity, towards material justice</h2>

<p>Another sign that generational politics is reshaping Huntington’s map is the way youth-driven movements are now propelling leaders with layered identities and materially redistributive platforms into office.</p>

<p>In New York City, Zohran Mamdani’s rise from local organizer to mayor illustrates this shift. A Ugandan-born Muslim democratic socialist, he <a href=”https://ny1.com/nyc/queens/inside-city-hall/2020/07/30/democratic-socialist-zohran-mamdani-celebrates-victory-in-assembly-primary” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>first won</a> a New York State Assembly seat in 2020 by defeating a long-time incumbent with a grassroots campaign focused on tenants, immigrants and working-class voters.</p>

<p>In 2025, he then won the Democratic primary and general election for mayor against figures like former governor Andrew Cuomo, <a href=”https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/nov/04/zohran-mamdani-mayor-new-york-city” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>running on</a> policies such as rent freezes, free buses and taxing the wealthy. Coverage of his campaign notes that his <a href=”https://www.npr.org/2025/11/02/nx-s1-5531004/zohran-mamdani-new-york-young-voters” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>core support</a> came from younger, more diverse voters mobilized through social media and volunteer networks rather than traditional party machines.</p>

<p>Globally, similar patterns appear. Chile’s president <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Boric” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Gabriel Boric</a> moved from leading 2011 student protests against inequality to heading a left-wing coalition that promised tax reform, expanded social rights and a new constitution. In many countries, young climate activists like <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greta_Thunberg” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Greta Thunberg</a> and <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa_Nakate” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Vanessa Nakate</a> have not sought office but have shifted public debate by insisting that older leaders confront the long-term costs of <a href=”https://time.com/6111851/greta-thunberg-vanessa-nakate-open-letter-media/” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>their decisions</a>. </p>

<h2 class=”wp-block-heading”>The clash between two generations</h2>

<p>Social and political scientists define “<a href=”https://www.jstor.org/stable/45293423″ target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>generational units</a>” as the unfolding of major events across local and world history that were experienced by a specific group of youth in their impressionable years. Sociologists theorized that different world times shaped different generations into historical or <a href=”https://www.degruyterbrill.com/document/doi/10.1515/for-2014-5012/html” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>political generations</a>.</p>

<p>The 1970s youth movements were the historical response of youth in a post-colonial world. Modernity, liberalism, communism and other “-isms” showed a path in the bleak era of nuclear and modern expansionism. The youth of the 21st century becomes a political generation with a realization of the <a href=”https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Have_Never_Been_Modern” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>modernist fallacy</a> — the dangerous fiction, according to sociologist <a href=”https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bruno-Latour” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Bruno Latour</a>, that promised freedom from dependency on nature, reduction of human labour, by separating nature and culture.</p>

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<p>Rather, the youth now face an apocalyptic future of natural disasters, social and intellectual collapse, all made by older generations. The economic, technological, political and educational promises are <a href=”https://www.britannica.com/event/Generation-Z-protests” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>already shattered</a>. They can see how porous identities are, and they respond by not clashing between the civilizations — rather merging and reshaping them, like Latour’s <a href=”https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/epdf/10.1177/02632769922050692″ target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>Hybrids</a>. These kids outrun shooting cops in Pikachu costumes in the middle of a <a rel=”nofollow” href=”https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pikachu-joins-turkey-uprising-against-erdogan-flees-when-cops-show-up-8029341″>full-o</a><a href=”https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pikachu-joins-turkey-uprising-against-erdogan-flees-when-cops-show-up-8029341″ target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>n</a><a rel=”nofollow” href=”https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pikachu-joins-turkey-uprising-against-erdogan-flees-when-cops-show-up-8029341″> riot</a>. Earth now has the <a href=”https://www.un.org/ldc5/youth” target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”>largest youth population</a> in human history, and our species is evolving culturally and socially to provide the basics for them.</p>

<p><em>[</em><a href=”http://www.linkedin.com/in/casey-herrmann-857124287″ target=”_blank” rel=”noreferrer noopener nofollow”><em>Casey Herrmann</em></a><em> edited this piece]</em></p>

<p><strong>The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect Fair Observer’s editorial policy.</strong></p>
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var wpdiscuzUCObj = {“msgConfirmDeleteComment”:”Are you sure you want to delete this comment?”,”msgConfirmCancelSubscription”:”Are you sure you want to cancel this subscription?”,”msgConfirmCancelFollow”:”Are you sure you want to cancel this follow?”,”additionalTab”:”0″};
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<script id=”wpdiscuz-combo-js-js-before”>
var wpdiscuzEditorOptions = {
modules: {
toolbar: “”,
counter: {
uniqueID: “”,
commentmaxcount : 1500,
replymaxcount : 1500,
commentmincount : 1,
replymincount : 1,
},
},
wc_be_the_first_text: “Be the First to Comment!”,
wc_comment_join_text: “Join the discussion”,
theme: ‘snow’,
debug: ‘error’
};

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<script src=”https://www.fairobserver.com/wp-content/plugins/featured-video-plus/js/jquery.fitvids.min.js” id=”featured-video-plus-js”></script>
<script></script> <script>
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l.href=’https://www.fairobserver.com/wp-content/plugins/wpdiscuz/themes/default/style.css’;
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/* .popup_loginmodel .dm-fo-login-box {
max-width: 420px !important
} */
</style>

jQuery(‘.close-popup-btn-signup’).click(function () {
jQuery(‘#myModalPopUpsignup’).hide();

});

jQuery(‘#myBtn , .sign_up_heaer’).click(function () {
jQuery(‘#myModalPopUpsignup’).show();
});

var path = location.pathname;
var popup_not_allowed_in_paths = [“/fo/donate/”, “/fo/support-fo/”, “/fo/membership-account/membership-levels/”,
“/fo/membership-account/membership-checkout/?level=2”, “/fo/membership-account/membership-checkout/?level=1”,
“/fo/contact/”, “payment-success”
];
var isPopupOnPathAllowed = true;
if (popup_not_allowed_in_paths.includes(path)) {
isPopupOnPathAllowed = false;
}

if (jQuery.cookie(‘whenToShowDialog’) != “yesss” && isPopupOnPathAllowed) {
jQuery(window).scroll(function () {
var available, percentage_of_page, half_screen, height;
available = jQuery(document).height();
percentage_of_page = 0.25;
half_screen = available * percentage_of_page;
height = jQuery(window).scrollTop();
if (height > half_screen) {

if (jQuery.cookie(‘whenToShowDialog’) != “yesss”) {
jQuery(“#myModalPopUp”).css(‘display’, ‘flex’);
jQuery.cookie(“whenToShowDialog”, “yesss”);
}
}
});
} else {
jQuery(‘#myModalPopUp’).hide();
}

var dwnldbtn = jQuery(“#download_product_popup_open”);
dwnldbtn.click(() => {
console.log(‘be’);
jQuery(‘#download_product_popup’).show();
});

jQuery(‘#download_product_popup_open’).click(function () {
console.log(‘hellof’);
jQuery(‘#download_product_popup’).fadeIn();
});
jQuery(‘.download_product_popup_close’).click(function () {
jQuery(‘#download_product_popup’).fadeOut();
});
jQuery(‘.download_product_popup_close’).click(function () {
jQuery(‘#download_product_popup’).fadeOut();
});

var container = jQuery(“#download_product_popup”);
container.click((e) => {
if (e.target.id == ‘download_product_popup’) {
jQuery(‘#download_product_popup’).hide();
}
});

jQuery(‘.close-popup-btn’).click(function () {
// $.cookie(‘whenToShowDialog’, “yesss”);
display(“whenToShowDialog”, “yesss”);
jQuery(‘#myModalPopUp’).hide();
});

jQuery(‘.other_donation_amount’).keyup(function (e) {
var $otherRadio = jQuery(‘#other’);
var $otherAmountSection = jQuery(‘.other_donation_amount_section’);

$otherAmountSection.show();
$otherRadio.prop(‘checked’, true);

var value = jQuery(this).val();
jQuery(‘#donation_amount’).html(‘$’ + value);
$otherRadio.val(value);
jQuery(‘#amount’).val(value);
});

jQuery(‘#other’).change(function () {
if (jQuery(this).is(‘:checked’)) {
jQuery(‘.other_donation_amount_section’).show();
} else {
jQuery(‘.other_donation_amount_section’).hide();
}
});
});

<!– –>
jQuery(document).click(function () {

/* login popup */
jQuery(‘#closebtnlogin’).click(function () {
jQuery(“#loginmodal”).hide();
});
var logincontainer = jQuery(“.dm-fo-login-box”);
if (!logincontainer.is(event.target) && !logincontainer.has(event.target).length) {
jQuery(“#loginmodal”).hide();
}
var loginbtn = jQuery(“.fo-login-link”);
if (!loginbtn.is(event.target) && !loginbtn.has(event.target).length) {

} else {
var loginModal = jQuery(“#loginmodal”);
loginModal.find(‘.popup-form input’).val(”); // Clear all input values (optional)
loginModal.find(‘.popup-form’).hide(); // Hide all forms within #loginmodal
loginModal.find(‘.error-message’).remove(); // Remove all error messages within #loginmodal
loginModal.find(‘.input-error’).removeClass(‘input-error’); // Remove error class within #loginmodal
loginModal.find(‘#login-form’).show(); // Show the target form within #loginmodal

loginModal.show(); // Show the login modal
}

/* signupbutton popup */
var signupcontainer = jQuery(“#modal-content-signup”);
if (!signupcontainer.is(event.target) && !signupcontainer.has(event.target).length) {
jQuery(“#myModalPopUpsignup”).hide();
}
var signupcontainerbtn = jQuery(“#myBtn”);
if (!signupcontainerbtn.is(event.target) && !signupcontainerbtn.has(event.target).length) {

} else {
jQuery(“#myModalPopUpsignup”).css(‘display’, ‘flex’);
}

/* signupbutton onscroll popup */
var container = jQuery(“#modal-content-scroll”);
if (!container.is(event.target) && !container.has(event.target).length) {
var displayval = jQuery(‘#myModalPopUp’).css(‘display’);
if (displayval == ‘flex’) {
jQuery(“#myModalPopUp”).hide();
display(“whenToShowDialog”, “yesss”);
}
}

jQuery(‘#other’).click(function () {
jQuery(‘.other_donation_amount_section’).show();
});

jQuery(‘.other_donation_amount’).keyup(function (e) {
var activeElement = document.getElementsByClassName(“donation-amount-box”)[0].getElementsByClassName(“active”)[0];
if (activeElement) {
activeElement.classList.remove(‘active’);
}

var value = $(‘.other_donation_amount’).val();
jQuery(‘#other’).val(value);
jQuery(‘#donation_amount’).html(‘$’ + value);
jQuery(‘#amount’).val(value);
jQuery(‘#paypalamount’).val(value);
jQuery(‘#monthly’).val(value);
})
});

jQuery(document).ready(function () {
jQuery(‘.fo-login-link.btn-popup-footer a’).on(‘click’, function (e) {
e.preventDefault(); // Prevent the default behavior of the link

jQuery(‘.btn-popup-footer-login’).addClass(‘pop-active’); // Add the custom class
});
});

jQuery(document).ready(function () {
jQuery(‘.btn-popup-footer-login-close’).on(‘click’, function () {
jQuery(‘.popup_loginmodel.btn-popup-footer-login’).removeClass(‘pop-active’);
});
});

jQuery(document).ready(function ($) {
jQuery(“.total_counts h1”).click(function () {
jQuery(“.fo-search-popup”).addClass(“active”);
});
});

jQuery(document).ready(function () {
jQuery(‘.tml-pwd-wrap’).append(‘<div id=”show_hide_div” class=”togglepwd” onclick=”showPassword(event)”><i class=”bi bi-eye-slash-fill”></i></div>’);
jQuery(‘meta[property=”og:image:height”]’).attr(“content”, 400);
jQuery(‘meta[property=”og:image:width”]’).attr(“content”, 400);

//Open Bookmark Model
jQuery(‘#screen, #modal’).hide();
jQuery(‘#trigger-modal ,#trigger-modal2’).click(function () {
jQuery(‘#modal’).show();
});
jQuery(‘.x’).click(function () {
jQuery(‘#screen, #modal’).hide();
});

window.addEventListener(‘click’, function (e) {
if (document.getElementById(‘modal’).contains(e.target)) {
jQuery(“#modal”).hide();
} else { }
});

});

function showPassword1() {

var pass = document.getElementById(“upassword”);
if (pass.type === “password”) {
pass.type = “text”;
document.getElementById(“show_hide_div_reg1”).innerHTML = “Hide”;
} else {
pass.type = “password”;
document.getElementById(“show_hide_div_reg1”).innerHTML = “Show”;
}
}

function showPassword2() {

var pass = document.getElementById(“upasswordconfirm”);
if (pass.type === “password”) {
pass.type = “text”;
document.getElementById(“show_hide_div_reg2”).innerHTML = “Hide”;
} else {
pass.type = “password”;
document.getElementById(“show_hide_div_reg2”).innerHTML = “Show”;
}
}

jQuery(“.emaillink”).click(function (e) {
e.preventDefault();
jQuery(“#contact_us_form”).css(‘display’, ‘flex’);
});

jQuery(‘#contact_us_form’).click((e) => {
if (e.target.id === “contact_us_form”) {
jQuery(“#contact_us_form”).css(‘display’, ‘none’);
}
});

</script>

<!– Scroll footer fixed –>

jQuery(function ($) {
$(window).scroll(function () {
var scrollOffset = $(window).scrollTop();
if (scrollOffset > 400) { // change 100 to the desired scroll offset
$(‘.fixed-footer-newsletter’).addClass(‘active’);
} else {
$(‘fixed-footer-newsletter’).removeClass(‘none’);
}
});
$(document).ready(function () {
$(“.up-down-toggle-btn svg”).click(function () {
$(“.fixed-footer-newsletter”).toggleClass(“hide”);
if ($(“.fixed-footer-newsletter”).hasClass(‘hide’)) {
localStorage.setItem(‘hideClass’, ‘true’);
} else {
localStorage.removeItem(‘hideClass’);
}
});

var hideClass = localStorage.getItem(‘hideClass’);
if (hideClass === ‘true’) {
$(‘.fixed-footer-newsletter’).addClass(‘hide’);
}

});
});
</script>

<!– new custom script –>

<!– author slider –>

<!– FO Newsletter –>

jQuery(function($){
$(“.newsletters-click”).on(“click”, function (e) {
$(this).addClass(‘active’);
});

$(‘#amount_50’).click(function () {
$(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#other_pay’).val(0);
$(‘#other_amount_pay’).val(0);
$(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)
});

$(‘#amount_100’).click(function () {
$(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#other_pay’).val(0);
$(‘#other_amount_pay’).val(0);
$(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)
});

$(‘#amount_500’).click(function () {
$(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#other_pay’).val(0);
$(‘#other_amount_pay’).val(0);
$(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)
});

$(‘#amount_1000’).click(function () {
$(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#other_pay’).val(0);
$(‘#other_amount_pay’).val(0);
$(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)
});

$(‘#other_pay’).change(function () {
$(‘.amount’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(this).attr(‘checked’, ‘checked’)
});

$(“#other_amount_pay”).on(“input”, function () {
var inputValue = $(this).val();
if (inputValue !== “”) {
$(‘#amount_50’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#amount_100’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#amount_500’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#amount_1000’).removeAttr(‘checked’);
$(‘#other_pay’).val(inputValue);

$(“#other_pay”).prop(“checked”, true);
}
});

});

/* input type number validation */

const numericInput = document.getElementById(‘other_donation_amount’);

if (numericInput) {
numericInput.addEventListener(‘input’, function (e) {
// Get the current input value
const inputValue = e.target.value;

// Remove any non-numeric characters
const numericValue = inputValue.replace(/[^0-9]/g, ”);

// Update the input value with the numeric value
e.target.value = numericValue;
});

}

</script>
<script type=”sortdDeferScript”>
jQuery(document).ready(function () {
jQuery(“.share-btn”).click(function () {
jQuery(“.m-share-events”).toggleClass(“active”);
});
});

jQuery(function($){
// For Login Form
if ($(‘form[name=”login”]’).length) {
const loginForm = $(‘form[name=”login”]’);
// Dynamically remove labels and add placeholders for Login Form
$(‘form[name=”login”] label[for=”user_login”]’).remove();
$(‘form[name=”login”] #user_login’).attr(‘placeholder’, ‘Email or Username’);

$(‘form[name=”login”] label[for=”user_pass”]’).remove();
$(‘form[name=”login”] #user_pass’).attr(‘placeholder’, ‘Password’);

// Form validation and error handling for Login Form
$(‘form[name=”login”]’).on(‘submit’, function (e) {
e.preventDefault(); // Prevent form submission for validation

let isValid = true;

$(this).find(‘input[type=”text”], input[type=”password”]’).each(function () {
const input = $(this);
const value = input.val().trim();

// Remove previous error message and red border
input.closest(‘.tml-field-wrap’).prev(‘.error-message’).remove();
input.removeClass(‘input-error’);

// Determine field name for the error message
const fieldName = input.attr(‘id’) === ‘user_login’ ? ‘Email or Username’ :
input.attr(‘id’) === ‘user_pass’ ? ‘Password’ :
‘This field’;

// Add error if the field is empty
if (!value) {
isValid = false;
input.closest(‘.tml-field-wrap’).before(`<div class=”error-message”>${fieldName} is required.</div>`);
input.addClass(‘input-error’);
}
});

// Submit the form if valid
return isValid;
});

// Remove error message and red border on input for Login Form
$(document).on(‘input’, ‘.input-error’, function () {
$(this).removeClass(‘input-error’);
$(this).closest(‘.tml-field-wrap’).prev(‘.error-message’).remove();
});
}

// For Lost Password Form
if ($(‘form[name=”lostpassword”]’).length) {
// Dynamically remove labels and add placeholders for Lost Password Form
$(‘form[name=”lostpassword”] label[for=”user_login”]’).remove();
$(‘form[name=”lostpassword”] #user_login’).attr(‘placeholder’, ‘Email or Username’);

// Change the submit button text for Lost Password form
$(‘form[name=”lostpassword”] button[type=”submit”]’).text(‘Reset Password’);

// Form validation and error handling for Lost Password Form
$(‘form[name=”lostpassword”]’).on(‘submit’, function (e) {
e.preventDefault(); // Prevent form submission for validation

let isValid = true;

$(this).find(‘input[type=”text”]’).each(function () {
const input = $(this);
const value = input.val().trim();

// Remove previous error message and red border
input.closest(‘.tml-field-wrap’).prev(‘.error-message’).remove();
input.removeClass(‘input-error’);

// Determine field name for the error message
const fieldName = input.attr(‘id’) === ‘user_login’ ? ‘Email or Username’ : ‘This field’;

// Submit the form if valid
return isValid;
});

// Remove error message and red border on input for Lost Password Form
$(document).on(‘input’, ‘.input-error’, function () {
$(this).removeClass(‘input-error’);
$(this).closest(‘.tml-field-wrap’).prev(‘.error-message’).remove();
});
}

$(document).ajaxSuccess(function (event, xhr, settings) {
// Check if the request URL is the one from the lostpassword form (or another condition based on your URL)
if (settings.url.indexOf(‘forgot-the-password’) !== -1) {
var response = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);

if (response.success) {
// const successMessage = response.data.notice;
const successMessage = “we have sent a link to your email to reset your password.”;
// Toggle visibility of the before and after sections
$(‘#forgot-password-form .forget-password-before’).hide();
$(‘#forgot-password-form .forget-password-after’).fadeIn();

} else {
// const errorMessage = response.data.errors;
// Clear previous error messages
$(‘form[name=”lostpassword”] .error-message’).remove();
$(‘form[name=”lostpassword”] .input-error’).removeClass(‘input-error’);

const errorMessage = ‘Email address or username is not registered’;
// Find the input fields for user_login and user_pass
const userLoginInput = $(‘form[name=”lostpassword”] #user_login’);

userLoginInput.closest(‘.tml-field-wrap’).before(`<div class=”error-message”>${errorMessage}</div>`);
userLoginInput.addClass(‘input-error’);

}
}

if (settings.url.indexOf(‘login’) !== -1) {
var response = JSON.parse(xhr.responseText);

if (response.success) {
// $(‘form[name=”login”]’).after(‘<div class=”success-message”>Login successful! Redirecting…</div>’);
} else {
// Clear previous error messages
$(‘form[name=”login”] .error-message’).remove();
$(‘form[name=”login”] .input-error’).removeClass(‘input-error’);

const errorMessage = response.data.errors; // Assuming this is an HTML string
// Extract plain text error messages from the response
const extractedErrorMessage = $(errorMessage).text().trim();

// Determine where to display the error based on keywords in the message
const userLoginInput = $(‘form[name=”login”] #user_login’);
const userPassInput = $(‘form[name=”login”] #user_pass’);

$(‘form[name=”login”]’).prepend(`<div class=”error-message”>Email address or password is incorrect.</div>`);
userLoginInput.addClass(‘input-error’);
userPassInput.addClass(‘input-error’);
}
}

});

// Switch Between Forms (Login and Forgot Password)
$(‘.switch-form’).on(‘click’, function (e) {
e.preventDefault();
const target = $(this).data(‘target’);
$(‘.popup-form’).hide(); // Hide all forms
$(‘.error-message’).remove(); // Remove all error messages
$(‘.input-error’).removeClass(‘input-error’); // Remove input error classes
$(‘.popup-form input’).val(”); // Clear all input values (optional)

// Show the target form
if (target === ‘forgot-password-form’) {
// Always show forget-password-before when switching to forgot-password-form
$(‘#forgot-password-form .forget-password-after’).hide();
$(‘#forgot-password-form .forget-password-before’).show();
}

$(‘#’ + target).fadeIn(); // Show the target form
});
});
</script>

<!– <script>
document.addEventListener(“DOMContentLoaded”, function () {
// Select the “I Accept” button by its ID or class (adjust selector based on your HTML)
const acceptButton = document.querySelector(“#cookie_action_close_header”); // Replace with the actual button’s class or ID

if (acceptButton) {
acceptButton.addEventListener(“click”, function () {
// Set the cookie with site-wide path and a long expiration date
document.cookie = “viewed_cookie_policy=yes; path=/; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT;”;
console.log(“Cookie consent accepted and cookie set.”);
});
}
});
</script> –>

</script>

class WaveformAudioPlayer {
constructor(playerId) {
this.playerId = playerId;
this.audio = document.getElementById(`audioPlayer_${playerId}`);
this.playBtn = document.getElementById(`playBtn_${playerId}`);
this.playTriangle = document.getElementById(`playTriangle_${playerId}`);
this.pauseBars = document.getElementById(`pauseBars_${playerId}`);
this.currentTime = document.getElementById(`currentTime_${playerId}`);
this.totalTime = document.getElementById(`totalTime_${playerId}`);
this.waveformContainer = document.getElementById(`waveformContainer_${playerId}`);
this.waveformProgress = document.getElementById(`waveformProgress_${playerId}`);
this.waveformBars = document.getElementById(`waveformBars_${playerId}`);
this.menuBtn = document.getElementById(`menuBtn_${playerId}`);

this.isPlaying = false;
this.waveformData = [];
this.totalBars = 200; // Number of waveform bars

this.initWaveform();
this.initEventListeners();
this.updateTotalTime();
}

initWaveform() {
// Generate random waveform data (in real app, you’d analyze the audio)
this.waveformData = Array.from({ length: this.totalBars }, () => {
return Math.random() * 40 + 5; // Random height between 5-45px
});

// Create waveform bars
this.waveformBars.innerHTML = ”;
this.waveformData.forEach((height, index) => {
const bar = document.createElement(‘div’);
bar.className = ‘waveform-bar’;
bar.style.height = `${height}px`;
bar.dataset.index = index;
this.waveformBars.appendChild(bar);
});
}

initEventListeners() {
// Play/Pause button
this.playBtn.addEventListener(‘click’, () => this.togglePlayPause());

// Audio events
this.audio.addEventListener(‘loadedmetadata’, () => this.updateTotalTime());
this.audio.addEventListener(‘timeupdate’, () => this.updateProgress());
this.audio.addEventListener(‘ended’, () => this.audioEnded());

// Waveform container click for seeking
this.waveformContainer.addEventListener(‘click’, (e) => this.seek(e));

// Menu button
this.menuBtn.addEventListener(‘click’, () => this.showMenu());
}

togglePlayPause() {
// Pause all other players first
window.pauseAllPlayersExcept(this.playerId);

if (this.isPlaying) {
this.pause();
} else {
this.play();
}
}

play() {
this.audio.play().then(() => {
this.isPlaying = true;
this.updatePlayButton();
}).catch(error => {
console.error(‘Error playing audio:’, error);
});
}

pause() {
this.audio.pause();
this.isPlaying = false;
this.updatePlayButton();
}

updatePlayButton() {
if (this.isPlaying) {
this.playTriangle.style.display = ‘none’;
this.pauseBars.style.display = ‘block’;
} else {
this.playTriangle.style.display = ‘block’;
this.pauseBars.style.display = ‘none’;
}
}

updateProgress() {
if (this.audio.duration) {
const progress = (this.audio.currentTime / this.audio.duration) * 100;
this.waveformProgress.style.width = `${progress}%`;
this.currentTime.textContent = this.formatTime(this.audio.currentTime);

// Update active bars
const activeBars = Math.floor((progress / 100) * this.totalBars);
const bars = this.waveformBars.querySelectorAll(‘.waveform-bar’);
bars.forEach((bar, index) => {
if (index <= activeBars) {
bar.classList.add(‘active’);
} else {
bar.classList.remove(‘active’);
}
});
}
}

updateTotalTime() {
if (this.audio.duration) {
this.totalTime.textContent = this.formatTime(this.audio.duration);
}
}

seek(e) {
const rect = this.waveformContainer.getBoundingClientRect();
const percent = (e.clientX – rect.left) / rect.width;
const newTime = percent * this.audio.duration;

if (newTime >= 0 && newTime <= this.audio.duration) {
this.audio.currentTime = newTime;
}
}

formatTime(seconds) {
if (!seconds || !isFinite(seconds)) return ’00:00′;

const minutes = Math.floor(seconds / 60);
const remainingSeconds = Math.floor(seconds % 60);
return `${minutes.toString().padStart(2, ‘0’)}:${remainingSeconds.toString().padStart(2, ‘0’)}`;
}

audioEnded() {
this.isPlaying = false;
this.updatePlayButton();
this.waveformProgress.style.width = ‘0%’;
this.currentTime.textContent = ’00:00′;

// Reset all bars
const bars = this.waveformBars.querySelectorAll(‘.waveform-bar’);
bars.forEach(bar => bar.classList.remove(‘active’));
}

showMenu() {
console.log(`Menu clicked for player ${this.playerId} – implement additional features here`);
// Add your menu functionality here
}

// Method to change audio source
changeAudio(src) {
this.pause();
this.audio.src = src;
this.audio.load();
this.waveformProgress.style.width = ‘0%’;
this.currentTime.textContent = ’00:00′;

// Reset bars
const bars = this.waveformBars.querySelectorAll(‘.waveform-bar’);
bars.forEach(bar => bar.classList.remove(‘active’));
}
}

// Global variables to manage multiple players
window.waveformPlayers = {};

// Function to pause all players except the current one
window.pauseAllPlayersExcept = function(currentPlayerId) {
Object.keys(window.waveformPlayers).forEach(playerId => {
if (playerId !== currentPlayerId) {
window.waveformPlayers[playerId].pause();
}
});
};

// Initialize all players when DOM is loaded
document.addEventListener(‘DOMContentLoaded’, () => {
// Find all waveform audio players
const playerElements = document.querySelectorAll(‘.waveform-audio-player’);

playerElements.forEach(playerElement => {
const playerId = playerElement.dataset.playerId;
if (playerId) {
// Extract post ID from player ID (format: player_123)
const postId = playerId.replace(‘player_’, ”);
window.waveformPlayers[postId] = new WaveformAudioPlayer(postId);
}
});

// Global keyboard shortcuts
document.addEventListener(‘keydown’, (e) => {
const isEditable = e.target.isContentEditable;
if (e.code === ‘Space’ && e.target.tagName !== ‘INPUT’ && e.target.tagName !== ‘TEXTAREA’ && !isEditable) {
e.preventDefault();
// This will be handled by individual players
}
});
});
</script>

jQuery(function($){
// Prevent numbers while typing & enforce maxlength for Name
$(document).on(‘input’, ‘#contactFormCustom input[name=”your-name”]’, function(){
// allow letters, spaces, hyphen, apostrophe, limit to 50 chars
this.value = this.value.replace(/[^A-Za-zs’-]/g, ”).slice(0,50);
});

// Email field: limit to 100 characters and block spaces
$(document).on(‘input’, ‘#contactFormCustom input[name=”your-email”]’, function() {
this.value = this.value.replace(/s/g, ”).slice(0, 100);
});

});

</script>

</html>
<style>
/* Hide the view count by default */
.hidden {
display: none;
}

</style>

<p class=”hidden”>Total Views: </p>

<!– <style>
#cliSettingsPopup {display:none}
</style>
<style>
#cookie-law-info-bar,.wt-cli-cookie-bar{box-sizing:border-box;font-size:10pt;margin:0 auto;padding:10px 10px;position:absolute;text-align:center;width:100%;z-index:99999;box-shadow:rgb(0 0 0 / .5) 0 5px 10px;display:none;left:0}#cookie-law-info-again{font-size:10pt;margin:0;padding:5px 10px;text-align:center;z-index:9999;cursor:pointer;box-shadow:#161616 2px 2px 5px 2px}#cookie-law-info-bar span{vertical-align:middle}.cli-plugin-button,.cli-plugin-button:visited{display:inline-block;padding:8px 16px 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only screen and (max-width:768px){.cli-settings-mobile:hover{box-shadow:none!important}.cli-settings-desktop{display:none}.cli-col-8{max-width:100%!important;width:100%!important;flex:100%!important;-ms-flex:100%!important}.cli-accordion-plusminus{float:right;font-size:22px;line-height:22px}.cli-plugin-button{margin:10px}}@media only screen and (max-width:567px){.cli-switch .cli-slider:after{display:none}.cli-tab-header a.cli-nav-link{font-size:12px}.cli-modal .cli-modal-close{right:-10px;top:-15px}}.wt-cli-iframe-placeholder{background-image:url(../images/cli_placeholder.svg);background-size:80px;max-width:100%;max-height:100%;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-color:#b2b0b059;position:relative;display:flex;align-items:flex-end;justify-content:center}.wt-cli-iframe-placeholder .wt-cli-inner-text{width:100%;text-align:center;padding:1rem 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(min-width:576px){.gdpr-modal .gdpr-modal-dialog{max-width:500px;margin:1.75rem auto;min-height:calc(100% – (1.75rem * 2))}}@media (min-width:992px){.gdpr-modal .gdpr-modal-dialog{max-width:900px}}.gdpr-modal-content{position:relative;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;width:100%;pointer-events:auto;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid rgb(0 0 0 / .2);border-radius:.3rem;box-sizing:border-box;outline:0}.gdpr-modal .row{margin:0 -15px}.gdpr-modal .modal-body{padding:0;position:relative;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.gdpr-modal .close{position:absolute;right:10px;top:10px;z-index:1;padding:0;background-color:#fff0;border:0;-webkit-appearance:none;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #fff}.gdpr-modal .close:focus{outline:0}.gdpr-switch{display:inline-block;position:relative;min-height:1px;padding-left:70px;font-size:14px}.gdpr-switch input[type=”checkbox”]{display:none}.gdpr-switch .gdpr-slider{background-color:#e3e1e8;height:24px;width:50px;bottom:0;cursor:pointer;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;transition:.4s}.gdpr-switch .gdpr-slider:before{background-color:#fff;bottom:2px;content:””;height:20px;left:2px;position:absolute;transition:.4s;width:20px}.gdpr-switch input:checked+.gdpr-slider{background-color:#63b35f}.gdpr-switch input:checked+.gdpr-slider:before{transform:translateX(26px)}.gdpr-switch .gdpr-slider{border-radius:34px}.gdpr-switch .gdpr-slider:before{border-radius:50%}.gdpr-tab-content>.gdpr-tab-pane{display:none}.gdpr-tab-content>.active{display:block}.gdpr-fade{transition:opacity .15s 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Source: World Politics - fairobserver.com

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