More stories

  • in

    The Health Benefits of Getting Dirty

    Scientists have long known that a little dirt can be good for you. Research has suggested that people who grow up on farms, for instance, have lower rates of Crohn’s disease, asthma and allergies, likely because of their exposure to a diverse array of microbes.In the 1970s, scientists even found a soil-dwelling bacterium, called Mycobacterium vaccae, that has an anti-inflammatory effect on our brains, possibly both lowering stress and improving our immune response to it.More recently, there’s been an explosion of interest in the human microbiome — with people taking probiotics, seeking food with live cultures and “rewilding” their microflora. At the same time, scientists have been discovering how broad a role dirt microbes can play in our mental and physical health.When we’re touching soil or even just out in nature, “we’re breathing in a tremendous amount of microbial diversity,” said Christopher A. Lowry, a professor of integrative physiology at the University of Colorado Boulder.A recent Finnish experiment found that children attending urban day cares where a native “forest floor” had been planted had both a stronger immune system and a healthier microbiome than those attending day cares with gravel yards — and continued to have beneficial gut and skin bacteria two years later.It’s not just good for kids; adults can also benefit from exposure to soil-dwelling microbes, Dr. Lowry said. So this spring, make a little time to go outside and get grimy.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

  • in

    Read Nemat Shafik’s Opening Remarks

    2
    ensure safety on our campus. Trying to reconcile the free speech rights of those who want to
    protest and the rights of Jewish students to be in an environment free of harassment or
    discrimination has been the central challenge on our campus, and many others, in recent months.
    As protests grew, we worked to secure the campus and ensure the safety of our students.
    We restricted access to our campus to those with valid Columbia identification, increased the
    public safety presence across all of our campuses, brought in external security firms, and added
    resources to our existing safety escort programs.
    It also became clear that our policies and structures in place were not well designed to
    cope with the unprecedented scale of the challenges we faced. To address this, I along with my
    colleagues immediately put in place changes. We updated our policies and procedures to
    respond to the events on our campus, with the goal of ensuring safe and responsible events such
    that all members of our community can participate in their academic pursuits without fear for
    their safety. We launched an updated reporting and response process in an effort to make it
    easier to report allegations of hate speech, harassment, and other forms of disruptive behavior,
    including antisemitic behavior. This included improved training processes on Title VI and
    reporting obligations for staff working with students and groups, enhanced reporting channels,
    and supplementing internal resources through a team of outside investigators. We are in the
    process of establishing an office with the sole purpose of investigating and responding to
    allegations of discrimination, including antisemitism, in our community.
    In October, we also quickly formed a Task Force on Antisemitism with the purpose of
    addressing the root causes behind the antisemitic incidents at our University by independently
    identifying problems and offering solutions. Thus far, the Task Force has done important work,
    and we are already working to implement many of its recommendations. These steps will be
    further supported by our longer-term efforts, which include a review of our event policies,
    revisions to orientation sessions and mandatory training for students to specifically address
    antisemitism, and additional investments in scholarship and programming that elevate campus
    debate on difficult issues.
    Some of these steps have provoked strong reactions from students, faculty, and outside
    groups across the ideological spectrum, but we believe they were necessary. We do not, and will
    not, tolerate antisemitic threats, images, and other violations. We have enforced, and we will
    continue to enforce, our policies against such actions. We believe we can confront antisemitism
    and provide a safe campus environment for our community while simultaneously supporting
    rigorous academic exploration and freedom. This is my highest priority right now at Columbia,
    and I believe we are moving in the right direction. There is, to be sure, much more work to do,
    and we welcome feedback from our students and other members of the Columbia community,
    from Jewish leaders and organizations, and from this Committee.
    I have approached our response with four principles: ensuring the safety of Columbia’s
    students and faculty; demonstrating care and compassion; balancing freedom of speech while
    ensuring members of our community feel safe and welcome; and using education to address the
    problem of antisemitism. More

  • in

    Woman Admits Killing Pregnant Teenager for Her Baby

    Clarisa Figueroa, 51, of Chicago, pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 50 years in prison. Prosecutors say she strangled the young mother and tried to pass the baby off as her own. A Chicago woman who killed a pregnant teenager and aimed to pass the baby off as her own pleaded guilty to murder Tuesday and was sentenced to 50 years in prison, prosecutors said.In April 2019, Clarisa Figueroa, 51, who had been pretending to be pregnant, fatally strangled Marlen Ochoa-Lopez, 19, who was eight months pregnant, according to a legal document known as a bond proffer obtained by The Associated Press.Ms. Figueroa cut Ms. Ochoa-Lopez’s baby from her body in hopes of passing him off as her own, the court record said. The boy later died.Now, Ms. Figueroa is set to serve her sentence at an Illinois state prison, according to the Cook County State’s Attorney’s Office, ending a grim five-year case that stunned a community and left a husband widowed and without a son.“The memory of my infant son’s last breath in my arms is complete agony,” the baby’s father, Yovanny Lopez, said in a statement in the courtroom Tuesday, according to The A.P.Ms. Figueroa and her daughter, Desiree Figueroa, were arrested in May 2019 after investigators found Ms. Ochoa-Lopez’s car near Ms. Figueroa’s home and then discovered Ms. Ochoa-Lopez’s remains stuffed in a garbage bag in Ms. Figueroa’s garage, according to the proffer.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

  • in

    ‘Agreement’ and ‘Philadelphia, Here I Come!,’ Two Irish Imports

    “Agreement,” at Irish Arts Center, and “Philadelphia, Here I Come!,” at Irish Repertory Theater, have a timeless feel, rooted in their eras and resonant in ours.In more placid times, it would be downright bizarre to classify Owen McCafferty’s political drama “Agreement” as feel-good entertainment.In these fraught, belligerent times, though, there is comfort, even a twinge of hope, in the play’s retelling of the knotty negotiations that finally made an enduring peace possible in Northern Ireland. Part of the United Kingdom, it was long violently divided between Catholics and the Protestant majority, with republicans wanting the region to join the predominantly Catholic Republic of Ireland and unionists vehemently opposed. After decades of blood-soaked warring — and bitter, sectarian score-keeping about who did what to whom — the Good Friday Agreement pointed a different way forward.It sounds like the makings of theater for wonks, doesn’t it? Seven politicians holed up together in Belfast in April 1998, battling their way toward consensus as the clock ticks down. Tony Blair, the British prime minister, has a family vacation to get to in Spain, so they need to complete the deal by Thursday. In Charlotte Westenra’s impeccably acted production for Lyric Theater, Belfast, the group blows past that deadline and a delirious dream ballet erupts — all of these exhausted people suddenly dancing.“Agreement,” at Irish Arts Center in Manhattan, is generally less colorful than that, and its barrage of contentious details can be overwhelming. But really, negotiations are stuck on the same few specifics: power sharing, economic cooperation, the decommissioning of paramilitary weapons and the release of prisoners.The show’s most teasing joke is having the career pacifist John Hume (Dan Gordon), the gentlest pol in the room, ask the audience whether there’s any need for him to explain an elusive central point yet again. Whereupon he does not clarify.“You all get it, don’t you?” Hume says, moving briskly along. “And if you haven’t — pay attention!”In the rushing current of this play, what buoys us isn’t the particularities but rather the personalities. Mo Mowlam (Andrea Irvine), the flagrantly unpretentious British secretary of state for Northern Ireland and the only woman in the mix; Gerry Adams (Chris Corrigan), the leader of Sinn Fein, the political wing of the Irish Republican Army, who turns out to be good for a wisecrack at a urinal; Bertie Ahern (Ronan Leahy), the Irish premier, freshly in mourning for his mother and showing up anyway — this is a charismatic bunch.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

  • in

    UN Report Describes Abuse and Dire Conditions in Israeli Detention

    Gazans released from Israeli detention described graphic scenes of physical abuse in testimonies gathered by United Nations workers, according to a report released on Tuesday by UNRWA, the U.N. agency for Palestinian refugees.Palestinian detainees described being made to sit on their knees for hours on end with their hands tied while blindfolded, being deprived of food and water and being urinated on, among other humiliations, the report said. Others described being badly beaten with metal bars or the butts of guns and boots, according to the report, or forced into cages and attacked by dogs.The New York Times has not interviewed the witnesses who spoke to UNRWA aid workers and could not independently verify their accounts. None of the witnesses were quoted by name. Still, some of the testimonies in the report matched accounts provided to The Times by more than a dozen freed detainees and their relatives in January, who spoke of beatings and harsh interrogations.Israeli forces have arrested thousands of Gazans during their six-month campaign against Hamas, the Palestinian armed group. The Israeli military says it arrests those suspected of involvement in Hamas and other groups, but women, children and older people have also been detained, according to the UNRWA report.The Israeli military and the Israeli prime minister’s office did not respond to a request for comment on the report. But asked about similar accusations of abuse in the past, Israeli officials have said that detainees are held according to the law and that their basic rights are respected.UNRWA staff gathered testimonies from more than 100 released Gazans arriving at the Kerem Shalom crossing over several months. Palestinian medics would occasionally rush freed prisoners who were injured or ill directly to area hospitals, the report said, adding that they sometimes bore “signs of trauma and ill-treatment.”We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

  • in

    Hezbollah Attack Injures at Least 13 in Israeli Border Village

    The Lebanese militant group Hezbollah claimed responsibility for a cross-border drone and missile attack in northern Israel on Wednesday that emergency officials said had injured at least 13 people, four of them critically.Clashes between Israel and Hezbollah, Iran’s most powerful regional proxy, have intensified in the wake of Israel’s targeted killing of two Hezbollah commanders. And there are growing fears of a broader conflict between Israel and Tehran, which mounted a wide aerial attack on Israel over the weekend.Hezbollah said its attack on an Israeli Bedouin border village, Arab al-Aramshe, was in response to the Israeli airstrikes a day earlier which Israel’s military said had killed the commanders. Those strikes triggered a series of retaliatory attacks by Hezbollah on Israeli military bases and barracks.A house in Alma al-Shaab in south Lebanon that was hit by an Israeli airstrike on Wednesday.Mohammad Zaatari/Associated PressHezbollah claimed that the target in the attack on Wednesday was an Israeli military reconnaissance unit. Magen David Adom, the emergency medical service, said 13 people had been hurt, without specifying if any were soldiers.The Israeli military said in a statement that it had responded to the attack with strikes on Hezbollah targets in southern Lebanon.For more than six months, Hezbollah and Israel have been locked in an escalating cross-border conflict set off by the Oct. 7 attack on Israel that was led by Hamas, another of Iran’s proxy groups. The fighting has displaced tens of thousands of civilians on both sides of the border, and in recent months Israeli strikes inside Lebanon have begun to creep deeper into the country’s interior.Aaron Boxerman More

  • in

    Alabama Runoff Elections Set Field in Newly Competitive House District

    Shomari Figures, a Democrat who worked in the Justice Department, will face Caroleene Dobson, a lawyer and Republican political newcomer, this November for the seat in Alabama’s Second Congressional District, according to The Associated Press.The two candidates won primary runoff elections on Tuesday in the district, which was redrawn after the U.S. Supreme Court ruled last year that the state had illegally diluted the power of Black voters.Now that the district has more Black voters, who historically have largely supported Democrats, political analysts see the race for it as one of the most competitive in the South. The nonpartisan Cook Political Report ranks it as a likely Democratic seat. (The district’s current representative, Barry Moore, is expected to remain in Congress after winning the Republican primary in the neighboring First Congressional District.)The Second District now stretches across the state, encompassing much of Mobile; Montgomery, the Alabama capital; and several counties in the Black Belt, where rich soil once fueled plantations worked by enslaved people.In the Republican primary, Ms. Dobson faced Dick Brewbaker, a former state senator. Mr. Brewbaker repeatedly pointed to his experience in the State Legislature, while Ms. Dobson argued that it was time for a newer political voice in Washington.In the Democratic runoff, Mr. Figures’s opponent was State Representative Anthony Daniels, the House Democratic leader.Mr. Figures’s family has a long political legacy in Alabama: He is the son of Michael Figures and Vivian Davis Figures, who have both served in the State Senate, with Ms. Davis Figures winning her husband’s seat after his death in 1996. Shomari Figures moved back to Alabama after working in the Justice Department and the Obama administration.Mr. Daniels does not live in the district — a point of contention in the race, though residency is not a requirement — but grew up there. He argued that his leadership position in the State House had shown that he could deliver for Alabama residents.The November elections could result in Alabama sending two Black representatives to Washington for the first time in its history if Mr. Figures were to win and if Representative Terri Sewell, the Democrat in the Sixth Congressional District, wins re-election, as analysts widely expect. More

  • in

    NYT Crossword Answers for April 17, 2024

    Joseph Gangi makes our eyes play tricks on us.Jump to: Today’s Theme | Tricky CluesWEDNESDAY PUZZLE — A cognitive phenomenon known as frequency illusion, also called the Baader-Meinhof effect, describes that feeling you get after encountering something once and then seeming to notice it everywhere. This phenomenon came to mind as I was solving Joseph Gangi’s crossword, which happens to use a theme style I just wrote about (click at your own puzzle-spoiling risk) only two weeks ago.This is Mr. Gangi’s third puzzle for The New York Times, and one might refer to its theme as a frequency illusion, in the sense that once the grid is complete, we realize how infrequently a certain bit of language was inside of it.Today’s ThemeThe revealer for Mr. Gangi’s puzzle is tucked at the bottom of the southeast corner, occupying the last Across clue. A “Feature of 20-Across” is, “when sounded out, a feature of today’s puzzle” (73A), clues included. (Say that three times fast.) There’s nothing obviously out of the ordinary — nothing glaring, one might say — and for me it was only when the Greek mythology in the grid came together that everything snapped into place.POLYPHEMUS (20A) is the “Cave dweller of Greek myth” in Homer’s ODYSSEY (41A). He is also called THE CYCLOPS (60A). A “Classic feature” of this character is his ONE EYE (73A). And now, even with only ONE EYE open — I hope you can see where this is going — the entire grid and clue set features only one “I.” That’s in the circle at the top of 18-Across, and it’s fittingly centered in the upper part of the grid, just like the eye in POLYPHEMUS’s head. Tricky Clues18A. The nature of this “Cry after a poke” is ambiguous — “That hurt!” or “I’m awake!” both fit in our squares, for instance. This grid’s answer is I CAN’T SEE, and presumably the poker is the one who needs a better sightline. (N.B.: Please do not poke a stranger. May I recommend a gentle tap?)We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More