Subterms
Archive: CNN, ABC News, BBC News, CBS News, NBC News, The Independent
Listen to Science Weekly’s episode on fluoride here
Send your questions and feedback to podcasts@theguardian.com
Help support the Guardian by going to theguardian.com/politcspodus More
Despite Donald Trump’s decisive victory in the presidential election, a political scientist who developed a model that correctly predicted his sweep of battleground states warns that voters have not necessarily given the president-elect a mandate to make radical changes.In a paper released with little fanfare three weeks before the vote, Cornell University professor of government Peter Enns and his co-authors accurately forecast that Trump would win all seven swing states, based on a model they built that uses state-level presidential approval ratings and indicators of economic health.In an interview with the Guardian, Enns said his model’s conclusions suggest voters chose Trump not because they want to see his divisive policies implemented, but rather because they were frustrated with the state of the economy during Joe Biden’s presidency, an obstacle Kamala Harris was not popular enough to overcome.“If this election can be explained by what voters thought of Biden and Harris and economic conditions, it really goes against the notion of a mandate for major change from Trump,” said Enns.“If Trump was looking to maximize support, being cautious about changes that are massive changes would be what the model suggests is the optimal strategy.”On the campaign trail, Trump promised norm-shattering measures to accomplish his objectives, ranging from deploying the military to carry out mass deportations of undocumented immigrants to levying trade tariffs against allies that do not cooperate with his administration.On 5 November, voters responded by giving Trump an overwhelming victory in the electoral college, and also by making him the first Republican to win the popular vote in 20 years.Both outcomes were predicted in the paper released on 15 October by Enns, Jonathan Colner of New York University, Anusha Kumar of Yale University School of Medicine and Julius Lagodny of German media firm El Pato. At the time, polls of the seven swing states showed Trump and Harris tied, usually within their margin of error, signaling that the election was either’s to win.Rather than focusing on the candidates’ support nationwide or in the swing states, Enns and his co-authors built a model that combines two types of data: presidential approval ratings from all 50 states using data from Verasight, the survey firm he co-founded, among others, and a Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia index measuring state-level real income, manufacturing and labor market conditions. Both sets of data were compiled more than 100 days before the vote.Enns first deployed the model in the 2020 presidential election, where it correctly predicted the outcome in 49 states, with the exception of Georgia. This year, Enns and his co-authors wrote that Harris, who took over as the Democratic nominee for Biden in late July, was on track to lose both the popular vote and the electoral college, including battleground states Michigan, Pennsylvania, Arizona, Nevada, Wisconsin, North Carolina and Georgia.“If Harris wins the election, we will not know exactly why, but we will know her victory surmounted conditions so disadvantageous to the Democratic party that the incumbent president dropped out of the race. She will have added major momentum to the Democratic campaign and/or Trump and the Republican party will have squandered a sizable advantage,” Enns and his co-authors wrote.The forecast wound up being accurate, though, with ballot counting continuing in a few states, Trump seems set for a plurality victory in the popular vote, not the 50.3% majority they predicted.Then there’s the question of whether Biden would have done better if he had stayed in the race. The 82-year-old president has been unpopular through most of his term as Americans weathered the highest inflation rate since the 1980s, even as the labor market recovered strongly from the Covid pandemic. Biden was also dogged by concerns about his age and fitness for office, which culminated in a terrible debate performance against Trump in June that led him to drop out of the race weeks later.“Given Biden’s low approval ratings and economic conditions, our model forecasted less than a one in 10 chance of a Biden victory if he had stayed in the race. Even after accounting for Harris’s approval ratings, which are notably higher than Biden’s, the Democrats face an uphill battle,” the authors wrote.If Harris had a chance to overcome the disadvantages she entered the race with, Enns said it would have required convincing voters she would be a very different president than her boss – which it appears she failed to do.“There’s some economic headwinds, there’s the Biden incumbency headwinds. And what I think that suggests is, given these headwinds that Harris faced, the optimal strategy would have been to differentiate herself more from Biden,” Enns said.But the vice-president’s fate may have been sealed in the years that preceded her bid for the White House, when she failed to build the sort of public profile that would have pushed her approval ratings up to the level that she needed them to be.“If she had been more popular, you can think about what could have happened to make our forecast wrong. So the fact that 100 days out, our forecast was so accurate, that really enhanced the campaign, had minimal effect on the outcome,” Enns said.“The task at hand was to outperform the forecast, and her campaign wasn’t able to do that.” More
Some Democratic figures have accused Kamala Harris’s campaign of being self-congratulatory after a series of recent public appearances from the candidate and her senior staff in which they declined to admit making any errors that could have contributed to her defeat.Some of the criticism was aimed at Harris herself, following a video call to thank campaign donors in which the vice-president expressed pride in her failed race for the White House.She appeared to boast that the coalition assembled during her three-and-a-half-month campaign after succeeding Joe Biden as the Democrats’ nominee ranked among the “best political movements”. She insisted it would have “a lasting effect”, despite it ending in a decisive loss to Donald Trump, something she and her supporters warned beforehand would be a catastrophe.“I am proud of the race we ran, and your role in this was critical,” the vice-president said in a 10-minute address. “What we did in 107 days was unprecedented. Think about the coalition that we built, and we were so intentional about that – you would hear me talk about it all the time.”Although she admitted the election “didn’t turn out like we wanted”, she noted that the campaign raised nearly $1.5bn dollars, a record, and praised the success in fundraising from grassroots donors – despite reportedly ending the race $20m in debt and sending post-election fundraising emails to donors.After some of the vice-president’s key staffers also appeared on a podcast billed as dissecting reasons for the defeat, one member of the Democratic National Committee’s finance team called the Harris campaign “self-congratulatory” .Lindy Li told NewsNation she was “stunned that there was no sort of postmortem or analysis of the disastrous campaign”.“It was just patting each other on the back,” she said. “They praised Harris as a visionary leader, and at one moment during the call, she was talking about her Thanksgiving recipe.”Referring to a Pod Save America podcast posted on Tuesday in which Harris’s key aides discussed the $1bn-plus campaign spend, Li said: “They failed to mention that hundreds of millions of dollars went to them and their friends right through these consulting firms.“These consultants were the primary beneficiaries of the Harris campaign, not the American people.”One explanation on the podcast by Stephanie Cutter, a Harris adviser, on why the vice-president had declined to break with Biden despite the president’s persistently low approval ratings drew criticism.“She felt like she was part of the administration. So why should she look back and cherry pick some things that she would have done differently when she was part of it?” Cutter told the podcast. “She had tremendous loyalty to President Biden. So the best we could do, and the most that she felt comfortable with was saying like, look, vice-presidents never break with their presidents.”One X user posted: “If the guys at pod save America don’t have an episode just straight shit talking all these losers who helped us lose im never listening to another episode. [Because] wtf was this nonsense.”skip past newsletter promotionafter newsletter promotionAnother podcast guest, David Plouffe, a former adviser to Barack Obama, was criticised after claiming: “It’s really hard for Democrats to win battleground states.” He said the party needed “to dominate the moderate vote” to win future elections.Jeet Heer, a writer for the leftwing Nation magazine responded: “Is it too much to ask for a little humility and self-reflection from the people whose strategies failed badly?”Another social media user posted: “Anybody with more than two brain cells who’s committed to building up the democratic party would be analyzing the depressed voter turnout numbers. But the dudes at pod save America have no goal other than reliving their glory days.”The discussion, which also included Harris’s campaign chair, Jen O’Malley Dillon, and Quentin Fulks, the campaign’s deputy manager, was also ridiculed by some on the right.Bill O’Reilly, a former Fox News host, told NewsNation: “It’s kind of like the New York Jets. You guys follow the football, nobody did anything wrong, and they’re 3-8 … I hope people see the absurdity of this.”James Carville, a veteran Democratic strategist and the architect of Bill Clinton’s 1992 election win, criticised aides who advised Harris not to go on the Joe Rogan podcast before election. Trump, by contrast, granted a three-hour interview to Rogan.“If I were running a 2028 campaign and I had some little snot-nosed 23-year-old saying, ‘I’m going to resign if you don’t do this,’ not only would I fire that motherfucker on the spot, I would find out who hired them and fire that person on the spot,” Carville said in a foul-mouthed video rant posted on social media. “I’m really not interested in your uninformed, stupid, jackass opinion as to whether you go on Joe Rogan or not.” More
Many people are drawing the wrong conclusions about what happened in the 2024 election. The conventional wisdom is that large swaths of population groups shifted their political allegiances to Donald Trump, propelling him to victory over Kamala Harris.A more careful reading of the data, however, shows that those conclusions are inaccurate, and the biggest problem for Democrats was a failure to turn out Democratic voters. Coming to terms with the unfounded faith in voter persuasion – at the extent of tried and true voter turnout programs – will have profound implications for the future of the Democratic party and the country.The cause of the confusion is the fact that Trump won dozens of counties across the country that voted for Joe Biden in 2020. Seeing that the Democratic margin had shrunk or evaporated in these places, most in the media rushed to report a massive national shift to the right, replete with graphics showing maps with red arrows pointing rightward.Looking more closely at the results and comparing them to the data from the 2020 election, one can see that while the counties did swing, the voters, for the most part, did not. What leaps out from a careful comparison is the finding that Democratic voter turnout fell through the floor. Trump didn’t win those counties because people switched their votes to him; he won because significant numbers of people who voted for Biden in 2020 did not vote at all in 2024.The decline in voter turnout is first visible from the simple fact that the total number of votes cast in 2024 is smaller than the number cast in 2020 (153m in 2024 versus 155m in 2020). This is despite the fact that the size of the US population has increased by 4.5 million people since the last election.It is when one takes a closer look at the underlying data that the picture comes into sharper focus. In nearly a third of the top 50 counties that flipped from Democrat to Republican, Trump’s vote actually declined from his 2020 numbers. If Democratic voters are coming over to the Republican ranks, their vote total should go up, not down. In Pinellas county, Florida, for example, Trump got nearly 7,000 fewer votes than in 2020, but the Democratic vote total plummeted by 35,000 votes.This pattern is evident in nearly all of the counties that flipped. Even in the counties where Trump’s vote increased marginally over 2020, that increase was generally dwarfed by the Democratic decline. In Erie county in the critical swing state of Pennsylvania, Trump improved on his 2020 showing by 801 votes, but the votes for Harris dropped by 2,618 votes, more than enough to have carried the county had those voters cast ballots.Just as is the case in medicine, an effective treatment requires an accurate diagnosis. The anemic Democratic voter turnout is the result of a cataclysmic failure of theory of change, strategy and spending, most notably by the Democratic Super Pac Future Forward.Super Pacs have great freedom and flexibility in that there are no limits on the size of contributions they can receive and few restrictions on their electoral activities. I helped create one of the country’s first such committees, Vote Hope, in 2007 to help Barack Obama, and our theory of change was that boosting Black voter turnout would help elect the country’s first Black president. Accordingly, we spent our money on hiring canvassers to knock on doors and buses to drive voters to the polls.Future Forward embraced the view that they could devise clever television and digital ads that would persuade Trump-leaning voters to back the Democrats. Accordingly, they poured nearly $700m into an advertising avalanche that was redundant to Harris’s ads and obviously ineffective. In a fawning New York Times profile, their effort was described as “animated by the idea that a blend of data science, political science and testing can usher in a new era of rigor in advertising”.There were seven battleground states where the parties concentrated their time, energy, and resources. Imagine if Future Forward had spent $100m in each state, hiring canvassers, investing in community-based civic engagement organizations, and funding the labor-intensive and expensive yet effective work of getting out the vote. Such a program would have boosted voter turnout, bringing back out the coalition that defeated Trump in 2020.A failure of this magnitude demands soul-searching and brutal re-assessment of prior assumptions and strategies. The work of defending and ultimately taking back the country starts now, and a sober assessment of the election results makes clear that 2024 marks the requiem for the widely held but thinly supported view that it makes more sense to invest in persuasion over the power-building program of getting out the vote.
Steve Phillips is the founder of Democracy in Color, and author of Brown Is the New White: How the Demographic Revolution Has Created a New American Majority and How We Win the Civil War: Securing a Multiracial Democracy and Ending White Supremacy for Good More
@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:300;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:300;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:400;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:500;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:500;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:600;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:600;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:700;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:900;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:900;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Titlepiece;src:url(https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column–interactive{margin-left:160px}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.content__main-column–interactive{margin-left:240px}}.content__main-column–interactive .element-atom{max-width:620px}@media (max-width: 46.24em){.content__main-column–interactive .element-atom{max-width:100%}}.content__main-column–interactive .element-showcase{margin-left:0}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.content__main-column–interactive .element-showcase{max-width:620px}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column–interactive .element-showcase{max-width:860px}}.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive{max-width:1100px}@media (max-width: 46.24em){.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive{width:calc(100vw – var(–scrollbar-width));position:relative;left:50%;right:50%;margin-left:calc(-50vw + var(–half-scrollbar-width))!important;margin-right:calc(-50vw + var(–half-scrollbar-width))!important}}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive{transform:translate(-20px);width:calc(100% + 60px)}}@media (max-width: 71.24em){.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive{transform:translate(0);width:auto}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.content__main-column–interactive .element-immersive{max-width:1260px}}.content__main-column–interactive p{color:#121212;max-width:620px}.content__main-column–interactive ul{max-width:620px}.content__main-column–interactive:before{position:absolute;top:0;height:calc(100% + 15px);min-height:100px;content:””}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.content__main-column–interactive:before{border-left:1px solid #dcdcdc;z-index:-1;left:-10px}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.content__main-column–interactive:before{border-left:1px solid #dcdcdc;left:-11px}}.content__main-column–interactive .element-atom{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-bottom:12px;padding-top:12px}.content__main-column–interactive p+.element-atom{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:12px}.content__main-column–interactive .element-inline{max-width:620px}@media (min-width: 61.25em){figure[data-spacefinder-role=inline].element{max-width:620px}}:root{–dateline: #606060}.element.element-atom{padding:0}#article-body >div .element-atom+p:first-of-type,#article-body >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type,#article-body >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type,.content–interactive >div .element-atom+p:first-of-type,.content–interactive >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type,.content–interactive >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type,#feature-body .element-atom+p:first-of-type,#feature-body .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type,#feature-body .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type,[data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+p:first-of-type,[data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type,[data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type{padding-top:14px}#article-body >div .element-atom+p:first-of-type:first-letter,#article-body >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type:first-letter,#article-body >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type:first-letter,.content–interactive >div .element-atom+p:first-of-type:first-letter,.content–interactive >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type:first-letter,.content–interactive >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type:first-letter,#feature-body .element-atom+p:first-of-type:first-letter,#feature-body .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type:first-letter,#feature-body .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type:first-letter,[data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+p:first-of-type:first-letter,[data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type:first-letter,[data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-of-type:first-letter{font-family:Guardian Headline,Guardian Egyptian Web,Guardian Headline Full,Georgia,serif;font-weight:700;font-size:111px;line-height:92px;float:left;text-transform:uppercase;box-sizing:border-box;margin-right:8px;vertical-align:text-top;color:var(–series-title-text)}#maincontent .element.element–showcase.element-showcase figcaption,#feature-article-container .element.element–showcase.element-showcase figcaption,#standard-article-container .element.element–showcase.element-showcase figcaption,#comment-article-container .element.element–showcase.element-showcase figcaption{position:static!important;width:100%;max-width:620px}.element.element–immersive.element-immersive{width:calc(100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px))}@media (max-width: 71.24em){.element.element–immersive.element-immersive{max-width:978px}.element.element–immersive.element-immersive figcaption{padding-inline:10px}}@media (max-width: 71.24em) and (min-width: 30em){.element.element–immersive.element-immersive figcaption{padding-inline:20px}}@media (min-width: 46.25em) and (max-width: 61.24em){.element.element–immersive.element-immersive{max-width:738px}}@media (max-width: 46.24em){.element.element–immersive.element-immersive{margin-left:-10px!important;margin-right:0!important;left:0}}@media (max-width: 46.24em) and (min-width: 30em){.element.element–immersive.element-immersive{margin-left:-20px!important}.element.element–immersive.element-immersive figcaption{padding-inline:20px}}.furniture-wrapper{position:relative}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper{display:grid;grid-column-gap:20px;grid-row-gap:0px;grid-template-columns:[title-start headline-start meta-start standfirst-start] repeat(5,1fr) [title-end headline-end meta-end standfirst-end portrait-start] repeat(5,1fr) [portrait-end];grid-template-rows:[title-start portrait-start] .25fr [title-end headline-start] 1fr [headline-end standfirst-start] .75fr [standfirst-end meta-start] auto [meta-end portrait-end]}.furniture-wrapper #headline h1,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1,.furniture-wrapper .headline h1{border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc}.furniture-wrapper #meta,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]{position:relative;padding-top:2px;margin-right:0}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst .content__standfirst,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst .content__standfirst,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] .content__standfirst{margin-bottom:4px}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p:first-of-type,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p:first-of-type,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] p:first-of-type{border-top:1px solid #dcdcdc;padding-bottom:0}}@media (min-width: 61.25em) and (min-width: 71.25em){.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p:first-of-type,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p:first-of-type,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] p:first-of-type{border-top:unset}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper figure{margin:0 -10px}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.furniture-wrapper{grid-template-columns:[title-start headline-start meta-start] repeat(2,1fr) [meta-end standfirst-start] repeat(5,1fr) [title-end headline-end standfirst-end portrait-start] repeat(7,1fr) [portrait-end];grid-template-rows:[title-start portrait-start] .25fr [title-end headline-start] 1fr [headline-end standfirst-start meta-start] .75fr [standfirst-end meta-end portrait-end]}.furniture-wrapper #meta:before,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]:before{content:””;width:540px;position:absolute;top:0;background-color:#dcdcdc;height:1px}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] p{border-top:unset}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst:before,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst:before,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst]:before{content:””;width:1px;background-color:#dcdcdc;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;left:.5px}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.furniture-wrapper{grid-template-columns:[title-start headline-start meta-start] repeat(3,1fr) [meta-end standfirst-start] repeat(5,1fr) [title-end headline-end standfirst-end portrait-start] repeat(8,1fr) [portrait-end];grid-template-rows:[title-start portrait-start] .25fr [title-end headline-start] 1fr [headline-end standfirst-start meta-start] .75fr [standfirst-end meta-end portrait-end]}.furniture-wrapper #meta:before,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]:before{width:620px}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst:before,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst:before,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst]:before{left:-.5px}}.furniture-wrapper .article-header .content__labels >div,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] .content__labels >div{padding-top:2px}.furniture-wrapper #headline h1,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1,.furniture-wrapper .headline h1{font-weight:600;max-width:620px;font-size:32px}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.furniture-wrapper #headline h1,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1,.furniture-wrapper .headline h1{max-width:540px;font-size:50px}}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.furniture-wrapper .keyline-4,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines]{margin-right:0}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper .keyline-4,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines]{display:none}}.furniture-wrapper .keyline-4 svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines] svg{stroke:#dcdcdc}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.furniture-wrapper #meta,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]{margin-right:0}}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social ul li a span,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__comment,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social ul li a span,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__comment{border-color:#dcdcdc}.furniture-wrapper #meta .content__meta-container_dcr >div >gu-island,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .content__meta-container_dcr >div >gu-island{display:none}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst]{margin-left:-10px;padding-left:10px;position:relative}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.furniture-wrapper .standfirst,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst]{padding-top:2px}}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] p{font-weight:400;font-size:20px;padding-bottom:14px}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst a,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst a,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] a{color:var(–series-title-text)}.furniture-wrapper figure{position:relative;margin-top:0;margin-bottom:2px;grid-area:portrait}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper figure{margin-bottom:0}}@media (max-width: 46.24em){.furniture-wrapper figure{width:calc(100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px));margin-left:-10px}}@media (max-width: 46.24em) and (min-width: 30em){.furniture-wrapper figure{margin-left:-20px}}.furniture-wrapper figcaption{position:absolute;bottom:0;padding:4px 10px 12px;background-color:#121212b8;color:#999;max-width:unset;width:100%;margin-bottom:0;min-height:46px}.furniture-wrapper figcaption span{color:#dcdcdc}.furniture-wrapper figcaption span svg{fill:#dcdcdc}.furniture-wrapper figcaption span:nth-of-type(1){display:none}.furniture-wrapper figcaption span:nth-of-type(2){display:block;max-width:90%}@media (min-width: 30em){.furniture-wrapper figcaption{padding:4px 20px 12px}}.furniture-wrapper figcaption.hidden{opacity:0}.furniture-wrapper #caption-button{display:block;position:absolute;bottom:10px;right:8px;z-index:100;background-color:#121212b8;border:none;border-radius:50%;padding:6px 5px 5px}.furniture-wrapper #caption-button svg{transform:scale(.85)}@media (min-width: 30em){.furniture-wrapper #caption-button{right:20px}}.content__main-column–interactive:before{top:-12px;height:calc(100% + 24px)}.content__main-column–interactive h2{max-width:620px}nav+section{display:none}nav+aside{display:none}aside+section{display:none}.furniture-wrapper{background-color:#1a1a1a;margin:0 -10px;padding:0 10px 4px}@media (min-width: 30em){.furniture-wrapper{margin:0 -20px;padding:0 20px 8px}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper{padding:0 20px}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.furniture-wrapper:before{content:””;width:calc((100vw – 1298px)/2);height:100%;position:absolute;left:calc((100vw – 1298px)/-2);background-color:#1a1a1a;border-right:1px solid #606060}.furniture-wrapper:after{content:””;width:calc((100vw – 1298px)/2);height:100%;position:absolute;right:calc((100vw – 1298px)/-2);background-color:#1a1a1a}}.furniture-wrapper .article-header,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] a,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] span{color:var(–new-pillar-colour, #ff5943)}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper #headline h1,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1,.furniture-wrapper .headline h1{border-top:1px solid #606060}}.furniture-wrapper #headline h1,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] h1,.furniture-wrapper .headline h1{font-weight:700;color:#dcdcdc}.furniture-wrapper #headline figure,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=headline] figure,.furniture-wrapper .headline figure{margin-top:0;margin-bottom:2px}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.furniture-wrapper #meta:before,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]:before{background-color:#606060}}.furniture-wrapper #meta details,.furniture-wrapper #meta summary,.furniture-wrapper #meta summary span,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] details,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] summary,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] summary span{color:#dcdcdc}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social a,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social button,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social a,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social button{border-color:#606060;color:var(–new-pillar-colour, #ff5943)}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social a svg,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social button svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social a svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social button svg{fill:var(–new-pillar-colour, #ff5943)}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social a:hover,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social button:hover,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social a:hover,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social button:hover{color:#1a1a1a;background-color:var(–new-pillar-colour, #ff5943)}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social a:hover svg,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social button:hover svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social a:hover svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social button:hover svg{fill:#1a1a1a}.furniture-wrapper #meta div,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] div{color:#dcdcdc}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst a,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst a,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] a{color:var(–new-pillar-colour, #ff5943);border-bottom:1px solid var(–new-pillar-colour, #ff5943)}.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] p{color:#dcdcdc}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p:first-of-type,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p:first-of-type,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] p:first-of-type{border-top:1px solid #606060}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.furniture-wrapper .standfirst p:first-of-type,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst p:first-of-type,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst] p:first-of-type{border-top:unset}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.furniture-wrapper .standfirst:before,.furniture-wrapper #standfirst:before,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=standfirst]:before{background-color:#606060}}@media (min-width: 46.25em){.furniture-wrapper:before{content:””;height:100%;top:0;position:absolute;background-color:#1a1a1a;border-right:1px solid #606060;left:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 738px) / -2);width:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 738px) / 2)}.furniture-wrapper:after{content:””;height:100%;top:0;position:absolute;background-color:#1a1a1a;border-left:1px solid #606060;right:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 738px) / -2);width:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 738px) / 2)}}@media (min-width: 61.25em){.furniture-wrapper:before{content:””;width:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 978px) / 2);left:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 978px) / -2)}.furniture-wrapper:after{content:””;width:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 978px) / 2);right:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 978px) / -2)}}@media (min-width: 71.25em){.furniture-wrapper:before{content:””;width:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 1138px) / 2);left:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 1138px) / -2)}.furniture-wrapper:after{content:””;width:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 1138px) / 2);right:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 1138px) / -2)}}@media (min-width: 81.25em){.furniture-wrapper:before{content:””;width:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 1298px) / 2);left:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 1298px) / -2)}.furniture-wrapper:after{content:””;width:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 1298px) / 2);right:calc((100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px) – 1298px) / -2)}}.furniture-wrapper .keyline-4 svg,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=lines] svg{stroke:#606060}.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social ul li a span,.furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__comment,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social ul li a span,.furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__comment{border-color:#606060}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:300;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:300;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-RegularItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:400;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Medium.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:500;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-MediumItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:500;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Semibold.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:600;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-SemiboldItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:600;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Bold.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:700;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BoldItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:700;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Black.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:900;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Headline Full;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-BlackItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:900;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:Guardian Titlepiece;src:url(https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://interactive.guim.co.uk/fonts/garnett/GTGuardianTitlepiece-Bold.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:700;font-style:normal}body.ios #feature-article-container .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter{color:var(–original-pillar-colour, #000)}body.ios #feature-article-container .article__header,body.ios #standard-article-container .article__header,body.ios #comment-article-container .article__header,body.android #feature-article-container .article__header,body.android #standard-article-container .article__header,body.android #comment-article-container .article__header{height:0}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper{padding:4px 10px 0}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels{font-weight:700;font-family:Guardian Headline,Guardian Egyptian Web,Guardian Headline Full,Georgia,serif;color:var(–byline-anchor, #c70000);text-transform:capitalize}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline{font-size:32px;font-weight:700;padding-bottom:12px;color:#121212!important}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image{position:relative;margin:14px 0 0 -12px;width:calc(100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px));height:auto}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image .figure__inner,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image img,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image .figure__inner,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image img,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image .figure__inner,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image img,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image .figure__inner,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image img,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image .figure__inner,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image img,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image .figure__inner,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image img,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image a{background-color:transparent;width:calc(100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px));height:auto!important}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst{padding-top:4px;padding-bottom:24px;margin-right:-10px}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner p,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner p,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner p,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner p,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner p,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner p{font-family:Guardian Headline,Guardian Egyptian Web,Guardian Headline Full,Georgia,serif}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst__inner a{color:var(–byline-anchor, #c70000)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta{margin:0}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .meta__byline span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .meta__byline span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .meta__byline span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .meta__byline span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .meta__byline span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .meta__byline span{color:var(–byline-anchor, #c70000)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc{padding:0}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg{stroke:var(–byline-anchor, #c70000)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .element–showcase #caption-button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .element–showcase #caption-button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .element–showcase #caption-button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .element–showcase #caption-button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .element–showcase #caption-button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .element–showcase #caption-button{display:flex;padding:5px;justify-content:center;align-items:center;width:28px;height:28px;right:14px}body.ios #feature-article-container .article__body,body.ios #standard-article-container .article__body,body.ios #comment-article-container .article__body,body.android #feature-article-container .article__body,body.android #standard-article-container .article__body,body.android #comment-article-container .article__body{padding:0 12px}body.ios #feature-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive),body.ios #standard-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive),body.ios #comment-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive),body.android #feature-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive),body.android #standard-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive),body.android #comment-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive){margin:0;width:calc(100vw – 24px – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px));height:auto}body.ios #feature-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive) figcaption,body.ios #standard-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive) figcaption,body.ios #comment-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive) figcaption,body.android #feature-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive) figcaption,body.android #standard-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive) figcaption,body.android #comment-article-container .article__body figure.element-image:not(.element–thumbnail):not(.element–immersive) figcaption{padding:0}body.ios #feature-article-container .article__body figure.element-image.element-immersive,body.ios #standard-article-container .article__body figure.element-image.element-immersive,body.ios #comment-article-container .article__body figure.element-image.element-immersive,body.android #feature-article-container .article__body figure.element-image.element-immersive,body.android #standard-article-container .article__body figure.element-image.element-immersive,body.android #comment-article-container .article__body figure.element-image.element-immersive{width:calc(100vw – var(–scrollbar-width, 0px))}@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark){body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper{background-color:#1a1a1a}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels{color:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline{background-color:unset;color:#dcdcdc!important}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst p,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst p,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst p,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst p,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst p,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst p{color:#dcdcdc}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .standfirst a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta .byline__author,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta span.byline__author a{color:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta__misc svg{stroke:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image.element–showcase figcaption,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image.element–showcase figcaption,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image.element–showcase figcaption,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image.element–showcase figcaption,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image.element–showcase figcaption,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper figure.element-image.element–showcase figcaption{color:#606060}body.ios #feature-article-container #article-body >div,body.ios #feature-article-container .content–interactive >div,body.ios #feature-article-container #feature-body,body.ios #feature-article-container [data-gu-name=body],body.ios #standard-article-container #article-body >div,body.ios #standard-article-container .content–interactive >div,body.ios #standard-article-container #feature-body,body.ios #standard-article-container [data-gu-name=body],body.ios #comment-article-container #article-body >div,body.ios #comment-article-container .content–interactive >div,body.ios #comment-article-container #feature-body,body.ios #comment-article-container [data-gu-name=body],body.android #feature-article-container #article-body >div,body.android #feature-article-container .content–interactive >div,body.android #feature-article-container #feature-body,body.android #feature-article-container [data-gu-name=body],body.android #standard-article-container #article-body >div,body.android #standard-article-container .content–interactive >div,body.android #standard-article-container #feature-body,body.android #standard-article-container [data-gu-name=body],body.android #comment-article-container #article-body >div,body.android #comment-article-container .content–interactive >div,body.android #comment-article-container #feature-body,body.android #comment-article-container [data-gu-name=body]{background-color:#1a1a1a!important}body.ios #feature-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #feature-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #standard-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.ios #comment-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #feature-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #standard-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container #article-body >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container .content–interactive >div .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container #feature-body .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+.sign-in-gate+p:first-letter,body.android #comment-article-container [data-gu-name=body] .element-atom+#sign-in-gate+p:first-letter{color:var(–byline-anchor, #ffffff)}}.prose h2{font-size:24px}body.ios #feature-article-container #caption-button,body.ios #standard-article-container #caption-button,body.ios #comment-article-container #caption-button{padding:6px 5px 0}body.android #feature-article-container #caption-button,body.android #standard-article-container #caption-button,body.android #comment-article-container #caption-button{padding:2px 4px 0}body.ios #feature-article-container .article__header,body.ios #standard-article-container .article__header,body.ios #comment-article-container .article__header,body.android #feature-article-container .article__header,body.android #standard-article-container .article__header,body.android #comment-article-container .article__header{opacity:0!important}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper{margin:0}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .content__labels{color:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper h1.headline{color:#dcdcdc!important}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .article-header a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .article-header a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .article-header a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .article-header a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .article-header a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .article-header a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=title] a{color:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta:before,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]:before,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta:before,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]:before,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta:before,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]:before,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta:before,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]:before,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta:before,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]:before,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta:before,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta]:before{background-image:repeating-linear-gradient(#606060,#606060 1px,transparent 1px,transparent 3px)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a span,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a span,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a span,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a span,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a span,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a span,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button{color:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button svg{fill:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover{background-color:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943);color:#1a1a1a}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .byline__author button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .byline__author button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span.byline__author a button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline span button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__social .byline button:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline a:hover svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__byline .byline button:hover svg{fill:#1a1a1a}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc svg,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__misc svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc svg,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__misc svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc svg,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__misc svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc svg,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__misc svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc svg,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__misc svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc svg,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .meta__misc svg{stroke:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .alerts__label,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .alerts__label,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .alerts__label,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .alerts__label,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .alerts__label,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .alerts__label,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .alerts__label,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .alerts__label,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .alerts__label,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .alerts__label,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .alerts__label,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] .alerts__label{color:#dcdcdc!important}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon],body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon],body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon],body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon],body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon],body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon],body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon],body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon],body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon],body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon],body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon],body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon]{color:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon]:before,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon]:before,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon]:before,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon]:before,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon]:before,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon]:before,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon]:before,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon]:before,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon]:before,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon]:before,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta span[data-icon]:before,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper [data-gu-name=meta] span[data-icon]:before{color:var(–byline-anchor, #ff5943)}@media (min-width: 71.25em){body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4{display:block;border-top:1px solid var(–byline-anchor, #606060)}body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc,body.ios #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4 .meta__misc,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc,body.ios #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4 .meta__misc,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc,body.ios #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4 .meta__misc,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc,body.android #feature-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4 .meta__misc,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc,body.android #standard-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4 .meta__misc,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper #meta .meta__misc,body.android #comment-article-container .furniture-wrapper .meta.keyline-4 .meta__misc{margin:unset;margin-left:20px}}body.ios #feature-article-container .article__body p,body.ios #feature-article-container .article__body ul,body.ios #standard-article-container .article__body p,body.ios #standard-article-container .article__body ul,body.ios #comment-article-container .article__body p,body.ios #comment-article-container .article__body ul,body.android #feature-article-container .article__body p,body.android #feature-article-container .article__body ul,body.android #standard-article-container .article__body p,body.android #standard-article-container .article__body ul,body.android #comment-article-container .article__body p,body.android #comment-article-container .article__body ul{max-width:620px}
View image in fullscreenSince campaign season began, experts have assured us that Donald Trump had “no ground game”, a phrase that generally refers to a campaign’s effort to mobilize voters through local outreach offices, phone calls, text messages, and door knocks. Pundits, politicos, and partisan observers repeated this charge and scoffed at his ramshackle, amateur, and fraud-riddled efforts, with some seasoned Republican operatives even sounding the alarm.A slew of articles and commentary unfavorably compared Trump’s “paltry” get-out-the-vote operation to the Democrats’ supposedly well-oiled and professionally managed machine. Alex Floyd, the Democratic national committee’s rapid response director, issued a confident statement in April: “Donald Trump’s Maga takeover of the [Republican national committee] has left the Republican party in shambles, lacking the ground game and infrastructure to compete this November.”We all know how that story ended.And yet many Democrats remain reluctant to reassess their views, both of Trump’s ground game and, perhaps more importantly, of their own. Soon after the election, Tom O’Brien, chair of the Democratic party in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, told the New York Times that Republicans “really didn’t have a ground game”. The Democratic strategist Christy Setzer went further, telling the Hill that “Trump had no ground game and ran only on rambling hatred”, while insisting that the loss “wasn’t the fault of Kamala Harris”, who had “the best campaign any of us has ever seen”. But if that’s true, why did Trump succeed where Harris failed?Trump succeeded, at least in part, because he is a man who will say anything and do anything to win. And of course he was boosted by conservative media – by Fox News talkshows, conspiratorial podcasts, manosphere influencers, deceptive deepfakes, targeted ads, and “First Buddy” Elon Musk’s transformation of Twitter into X. But he also won because he had a strong ground game, even if it occasionally blundered and often looked different from what observers and experts expected from a get-out-the vote drive, including its use of “untraditional” and “micro-targeted” strategies aimed at reaching low- and mid-propensity voters who didn’t fit the usual Republican profile, including Latinos, Black men, and Asian and Arab Americans. The rocky launch of Musk’s new political action committee, America Pac, which hired canvassers in key areas, became a punchline, but it was last-minute outreach that supplemented other efforts. (And America Pac is no joke: Musk has invested $120m in the project and is already planning for the 2026 midterms and beyond.)View image in fullscreenBelittling and discounting Trump’s operation might make liberals feel better, but strategically, it’s self-defeating. This hubris leaves Democrats oblivious to their opponents’ achievements, while they overestimate their own approach. And it makes it harder to appreciate what needs to change if Democrats want to not only win elections but govern effectively and in ways that materially improve people’s lives.Since Harris’s defeat, even moderate commentators are waking up to the fact that Democrats need to shift their messaging in order to increase their appeal to working class voters who have turned away from the party or toward Trump. But while embracing the rhetoric of economic populism would be a good start, tweaks to language are not enough. Our definition of “ground game” must evolve as well – “knocking on doors eight or nine times”, which is how O’Brien described his party’s efforts, will not be enough to remedy the Democrats’ current disadvantage or revitalize small-d democracy.Committing to a causeA few weeks before the election, in Greensboro, North Carolina, Nikki Marín Baena was outside her home when she was approached by a canvasser from Libre Initiative, a Koch-backed organization that targets Latino communities with a libertarian agenda. The canvasser told her about all the services the group offers: Spanish language workshops for parents on how to apply for scholarships, English language tutoring, computer classes and more. In Baena’s words, Libre’s goal is to get people in a room, help them meet their basic needs, and then preach the gospel of small government.Beana is a co-founder of Siembra NC, which mostly organizes around workers’ rights, in particular the challenges many immigrant laborers face, including wage theft. Ideologically, Baena is diametrically opposed to Libre’s politics, but she is fascinated by their tactics. She has seen Libre staffers doing stunts outside discount grocery stores, blasting Bidenomics and inflation. They offer cash-strapped shoppers gift cards in the amount of money that Democrats’ policies supposedly “stole” from them. People are grateful for the help and so they stop to chat.By capturing the Republican party, Trump positioned himself to reap the benefits of decades of work by rightwing activists, donors and strategists who aimed to strengthen the grip of conservative ideologues and corporate interests on American political life. With laser-like focus, they attacked labor unions, gutted campaign finance law, captured the courts, reconfigured electoral maps and mobilized key interest groups, from anti-abortion activists to gun lovers. And they are actively broadening their reach.When Democrats insist that Trump had no ground game, they ignore the right wing’s investment and presence in spaces that are not purely electoral and that engage people year-round, including groups like Libre, along with the evangelical churches and student groups that increasingly function as social clubs recruiting people to the Maga cause. As Tiffany Dena Loftin details in the new issue of the Black leftist magazine Hammer & Hope, the right wing has spent decades systematically attacking and defunding progressive student unions and networks and building up their conservative counterparts. The Charlie Kirk-founded and Republican billionaire-funded Turning Point USA claims to have “freedom chapters” at more than 3,500 colleges and high schools, which offer young conservatives a sense of belonging and community, leadership development, and pathways to political engagement, of which get-out-the-vote (GOTV) efforts are just one part.View image in fullscreenThe Trump campaign built on this model, providing its base with community and purpose and organizing them, in turn, to mobilize others to turn out and vote. Before joining Trump’s team as campaign co-chair, Susie Wiles spent years working to lock down Florida for Republicans (she’s since been named Trump’s incoming chief of staff). Her tactics make people feel like an essential part of a group with a clear goal. Wiles piloted the “10 for Trump” Iowa caucus program, which gave a subset of 2,000 volunteers the title of “captain”, a limited-edition gold-embroidered hat, and the goal of motivating 10 people in their precincts to turn out. In the general election, specially trained volunteers were dubbed “Trump Force 47” and tasked with developing longer term relationships with so-called low- or mid-propensity voters, going beyond the usual door-knocking to forge relationships aimed at converting these targets into Republican loyalists. The campaign also used Trump’s false claims of election fraud to recruit and train tens of thousands of hyper-vigilant poll workers and Maga acolytes.“Trump or someone around him is quite bright about the definitional difference between mobilization and organization,” Tory Gavito, founder of Way to Win, told me. Mobilizing people to turn out and cast a ballot is not nearly as powerful as organizing people to adopt an identity, commit to a cause, and join a collective effort to push for change. That’s why Way to Win, a progressive donor network, directs funds to groups that do year-round organizing, rather than helicoptering in days or weeks before an election or relying on high-profile celebrity endorsements.In Gavito’s estimation, Trump’s GOTV effort probably mattered less in the end than what she calls the “organizations and institutions that shape worldviews” and engage large numbers of people in their daily lives. That’s where the Democrats’ super polished, pop-up ground game fell short.‘Knocked on too many doors’Ironically, the right not only has its own (often lavishly funded) political and cultural infrastructure; it also benefits from infrastructure’s absence in a way the left does not. Widespread feelings of isolation, loneliness and alienation help their cause. The conservative culture warrior Christopher Rufo, for example, has boasted about how a lack of social trust works to his advantage. Distrust makes it easier to spread lies and misinformation and pit communities against each other – to divide and conquer in order to shrink government, raise corporate profits, and concentrate power.Firelands Workers United is an organization that brings together working families to rebuild this tattered social trust, working in rural Washington, including in counties where majorities voted for Trump. They do so by organizing for good jobs, housing, healthcare and fair taxes. The way they organized in 2024 offers a lesson in class-based solidarity that the national Democratic party should learn from.This electoral cycle, Firelands’ base was focused on fighting several ballot measures. Washington might be a blue state, but it is one with a remarkably regressive tax system and perennial budget problems. This year the California hedge fund manager Brian Heywood spent $6m on four ballot measures that aimed to repeal popular policies, including a recently passed capital gains tax. The result would have reduced funding for affordable childcare and schools and killed rural jobs. If the capital gains ballot measure had passed, 4,000 wealthy Washingtonians would get richer while everyone else, non-immigrant and immigrant, would pay the price.Through 2024, Firelands trained dozens of members so they could educate their communities about this looming threat. They did so by emphasizing a shared class interest, not partisan loyalties, which allowed them to reach across cultural and political divides. “This isn’t about Republicans or Democrats. People out here are frustrated with any politician who sides with the rich over working people,” said the group’s co-founder Stina Janssen.Firelands members collaborate across very different backgrounds. A Washington-born retired corrections officer and a Latin American immigrant mill worker would canvas together and develop a real relationship. They, in turn, would connect with voters over anger at billionaires and inequality and invite them into a movement, opening space for people’s assumptions and attitudes to change. “There would not have been a chance to build these friendships or for the people born here to learn and hear people’s immigration stories with the same level of curiosity without this close work together,” Janssen said.Now the group’s non-immigrant members understand what it means for someone to be facing deportation. And immigrant members feel less alone as they understand they are not the only people struggling with healthcare or rent. “Our organizing approach held and affirmed everyone’s suffering and helped people see how their experiences were tied together,” Janssen explained. This “dignity-based solidarity”, as Janssen calls it, isn’t about asking people to check their privilege. It’s rooted in the recognition that we all suffer and deserve better: making ends meet shouldn’t be this hard for me or for you.This kind of deep organizing takes time because it aims at shifting political consciousness and fostering enduring commitment. It also requires resources. As Baena told me, groups like Turning Point and Libre Initiative “can hire so many people because they have endless money”. It’s easier to fund an organization that helps billionaires’ bottom lines than one that threatens them.Yet Democrats had plenty of money this year, much of which was contributed by smaller donors. But they spent it on the standard playbook. The Harris campaign spent billions blanketing the airwaves with ads (outspending Republicans three to one on paid media), bombarding undecided voters with text messages, and bussing out-of-state volunteers to canvas neighborhoods. None of those tactics leave a trace after the campaign pulls up stakes. They might as well have set the cash on fire.Like many other organizers I spoke to, Billy Wimsatt, the executive director of Movement Voter Pac (MVP), believes those resources could have been deployed more wisely. “What if, instead of spending millions to keep cable news on life support, you had split that money between strategically building up local organizing and online influencer organizing?” he said. This year, MVP moved money to hundreds of organizations that do year-round issue-based organizing in key battleground states in addition to GOTV. That entailed everything from mutual aid to media to ballot measures and candidate recruitment. Wimsatt highlighted the work of Faith in Minnesota, a multi-faith, multi-racial, statewide organization. The group organizes diverse communities, including Muslims and manufactured home park residents, around high-impact issues like housing affordability. This season, Faith in Minnesota volunteers had thousands of conversations with voters and helped protect the state house from flipping to Republicans. “Real organizing wins. Superficial mobilizing loses,” Wimsatt said.Andrew Willis Garcés, another Siembra NC co-founder, puts it bluntly: Democrats across the country actually “knocked too many doors”. The party’s much ballyhooed ground game failed because it was engineered to facilitate one-off conversations that stick to a script instead of supporting local organizations and campaigns that engage ordinary people around issues they care about. For the people Siembra aims to reach, that means fights to recover stolen wages, stop local law enforcement from collaborating with Immigrations and Customs Enforcement (Ice), and win protections for mobile home tenants. Garcés believes that these kinds of local issue campaigns can drive voter engagement by helping people connect their lived experience to candidates or campaigns that might otherwise seem distant, abstract or uninspiring.View image in fullscreenThat can make a difference in an election like the recent one, which Baena describes as a three-way race between Trump, Harris and the couch. In terms of sheer numbers, the couch came out ahead. While much has been said about Latino men turning to Trump, Baena and Garcés believe the real story is that lots of Latino voters, like other key voting groups, “sat this one out”. All told, nearly 90 million eligible voters, 36% of the overall electorate, stayed home.As Baena sees it, the Democrats didn’t have much to offer working people, whatever their race, gender or ethnicity, in terms of tangible improvement to their daily lives or a clear and compelling vision of why the future under Harris would have been better. At the door, there wasn’t much to say besides “the other guy is bad”. You can’t win people over by telling them everything is fine when they can’t afford groceries, rent, and gas, or when they are upset about the war on Gaza.This all goes back to the lack of trust. “People don’t trust people outside their families and they don’t trust politicians or the government,” Baena said. Parachuting canvassers into a community to have one-time conversations will never truly move the needle; you need to listen and earn trust before you can change minds. “The work of base-building is getting people to befriend strangers and build community outside of their families, and that’s a pathway to getting people to trust their neighbors and institutions,” he added.“If liberals really care about winning elections,” Baena continued, “they need to reach these people. We need year-round organizing to really bring people in and to show them that they and their families can benefit from public investment and services. And we have to organize in a way that allows the base to feel they’ve helped win the election, not that the campaign won.”That’s the feeling Firelands managed to inspire in its members – a feeling of being agents of change, not passive consumers of politics. On election day, all the regressive ballot measures were voted down in the rural areas where Firelands and their partners organized, including Grays Harbor county, where Trump won 51.5% of the vote but nearly 60% of voters said “no” to repealing taxes on capital gains. Groups like Faith in Minnesota and Firelands show that by emphasizing shared class interests and focusing on clear progressive policies, it’s possible to make inroads with voters who are skeptical of politicians and even sympathetic to aspects of the Maga movement.People-centered, issue-focused organizingBefore the 2016 election, the New York senator Chuck Schumer made a now infamous pronouncement about the Democratic party’s electoral strategy: “For every blue-collar Democrat we lose in western Pennsylvania, we will pick up two moderate Republicans in the suburbs in Philadelphia, and you can repeat that in Ohio and Illinois and Wisconsin.”In 2021, on the other hand, the then US representative Jim Banks of Indiana (now senator-elect) shared a memo with the then House minority leader, Kevin McCarthy, detailing how the Republican party could “permanently become the Party of the Working Class” in part by appealing to “minority voters”.Three years later, Banks’s proposal no longer reads as wishful thinking. Trump’s campaign made inroads with low-income communities and voters of color in urban and rural areas nationwide, including peeling off an alarming number of unionized voters. Meanwhile, Schumer’s plan of tacking to the center in order to target Republican voters at the expense of less affluent Democratic ones helped Harris get trounced.Instead of aspiring to razor-thin margins of victory, Democrats must become more populist and more ambitious. But better messaging must be coupled with a disciplined strategy to expand the voting base and win resounding majorities so politicians can actually deliver on a platform that makes this country more inclusive, sustainable, and fair.To accomplish this, Democrats need to find ways to win over some of the people who voted for Trump not because they are committed to Maga, but out of frustration with the status quo. And they also need to connect with many more of those millions of people who chose the couch. Instead of listening to the Liz Cheney-loving consulting class and the cable ad-buying gurus at Future Forward, Democrats need to muster the kind of political determination that drove Susie Wiles to swing Florida firmly to the right and enabled Republicans to paint Texas a deep red.You can bet that conservative strategists are thinking about how to eat away at Democratic strongholds, including California. Where’s the 10-year plan to flip Texas and its 40 electoral votes back to blue?The problem isn’t just a lack of vision or political will, but resources. The big money bundlers and special interests don’t want to cede control. According to Way to Win’s Gavito, the aftermath of Trump’s first victory brought together an unlikely coalition of Democratic donors, many of whom were not particularly liberal, let alone progressive, but who were concerned about threats to democracy and craving a return to normalcy. After Joe Biden won, many ceased to collaborate or invest in base-building efforts, wary of strategies aimed at empowering diverse working-class voters or delivering the kind of progressive policy measures that might appeal to them. Perhaps, now, some of these donors will realize that their cautious, center-hewing strategy has failed and reassess their approach.But changes at the top won’t be enough if they’re not tethered to change on the ground. Voter outreach needs to be people- and place-centered, not data- and advertiser-driven. It needs to be issue-focused and year-round, not scaled in eight weeks and gone overnight. And it must offer more than an awkward conversation at the door and an alienating avalanche of texts treating recipients like little more than ATMs. People need a sense of belonging and a compelling and credible vision of a future worth fighting for.In the end, the fate of democracy is too precious to leave in the hands of the Democratic party. Across the country, ordinary people are building the relationships, organizations, and power required to move this country forward. They are the ground game we need. More
The skies above the White House were cold and grey. Joe Biden greeted the championship winning Boston Celtics basketball team, quipping about his Irish ancestry and tossing a basketball into the crowd. But the US president could not resist drawing a wider lesson.“When we get knocked down, we get back up,” he said. “As my dad would say, ‘Just get up, Joe. Get up.’ Character to keep going and keep the faith, that’s the Celtic way of life. That’s sports. And that’s America.”Such events continue to be among the ceremonial duties of a “lame duck” president with waning influence. Biden has cut a diminished figure in recent months, first surrendering his chance to seek re-election, then finding himself sidelined by the doomed presidential campaign of his vice-president, Kamala Harris.But with his legacy imperiled by Donald Trump, the president is facing calls to mitigate the oncoming storm. Advocacy groups say Biden, who turned 82 this week, can still take actions during his final two months in office to accelerate spending on climate and healthcare, secure civil liberties, and Trump-proof at least some fundamentals of US democracy.Trump’s signature campaign promise was a draconian crackdown on illegal immigration. He has nominated officials including Tom Homan and Stephen Miller, architects of family separations at the southern border during his first term, and vowed to use the US military to carry out mass deportations of undocumented immigrants.The plans include mandatory detention, potentially trapping immigrants in inhumane conditions for years as they fight deportation. The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) is leading an opposition effort, urging Biden to halt the current expansion of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (Ice) detention facilities, especially those with records of human rights abuses.Eunice Cho, a senior staff attorney with the ACLU national prison project, said Ice detention facilities “characterised by abusive conditions, pervasive neglect and utter disregard for the dignity of people in their custody” are key to Trump’s logistical plan.Dozens of people have died in Ice detention facilities – mostly owned or operated by private prison corporations – over the past four years, according to the ACLU, and 95% were likely preventable if appropriate medical care had been provided. Yet the Biden administration has backed new Ice detention facilities in states where they did not existed before, such as Kansas, Wyoming and Missouri.“We are calling on the Biden administration to take action now, in the final days of the administration, to halt any efforts to expand immigration detention and to shut down specifically abusive facilities once and for all,” Cho told reporters on a Zoom call this week. “We don’t need to put down runway for the Trump administration to put in place these mass detention and deportation machines.”She warned: “We know that the anti-immigrant policies of a second administration are going to be far more aggressive than what we saw in the first term, and mass arrest and detention is going to become perhaps the norm to create and carry out these deportation operations unless we can do all we can to put a halt to them.”View image in fullscreenAnother crucial area for Biden to make a last stand is criminal justice. In his first term, Trump oversaw the execution of more people than the previous 10 presidents combined. Biden’s attorney general, Merrick Garland, then imposed a moratorium on federal executions in 2021.Trump has indicated his intention to resume such executions and even expand the death penalty. His nominee for attorney general, Pam Bondi, issued a public apology in 2013 while serving as Florida’s top law enforcement officer after she sought to delay the execution of a convicted killer because it conflicted with a fundraiser for her re-election campaign.Cassandra Stubbs, director of the ACLU’s capital punishment project, told reporters via Zoom that Trump said “he will work to expand the death penalty. He’s going to try to expand it to people who do not even commit killings. He’s called for expanding the death penalty to his political opponents.“But perhaps most dangerously in Project 2025 [a policy blueprint from the Heritage Foundation thinktank] – and we believe every word of it is this – he promised to try to kill everyone on death row, and the reason why we have to believe this and take it so seriously is the record that Donald Trump left where he, in a span of six months, carried out 13 executions.”The ACLU and other groups are therefore pressing Biden to commute the sentences of all individuals on federal death row to life in prison, fulfilling a campaign promise and preventing potential executions under Trump. Commuting “is really the thing that Biden can do to make it harder for Trump to restart executions”, Stubbs added.Pastor Brandi Slaughter, a board member of the pressure group Death Penalty Action, told reporters this week: “We know what the next president plans to do if any prisoners are left under a sentence of death under the Biden administration. We’ve been there, we’ve done that.”Biden has also received 8,000 petitions for clemency from federal prisoners serving non-death penalty sentences that he could either reduce or pardon. The former senator has long been criticised for his role in drawing up a 1994 crime law that led to the incarceration of thousands of Black men and women for drug offences.This week, members of Congress including Ayanna Pressley and James Clyburn led 64 colleagues in sending a letter to Biden urging him to use his clemency power “to reunite families, address longstanding injustices in our legal system and set our nation on the path toward ending mass incarceration”.They were joined at a press conference on Capitol Hill by Maria Garza, 50, from Illinois, a prison reform advocate who spent 12 years in a state prison. She said in an interview: “There is a sense of urgency because a lot of the people that are sitting waiting for clemency are people that have de facto life sentences that will die in prison if they don’t [receive clemency]. A lot of their unjust sentencing was because of the 1994 crime bill that he was the founding father of.”skip past newsletter promotionafter newsletter promotionMitzi Wall, whose 29-year-old son Jonathan is incarcerated on a seven-and-a-half-year federal cannabis charge, called on Biden to keep a campaign promise to grant clemency to more than 4,000 people in federal prison for nonviolent cannabis crimes.“We voted for President Biden,” she said. “He gave us hope and we’re asking him to do nothing more than keep his promise.”Wall, 63, from Maryland, added: “President Biden was partly responsible for writing the 1994 crime bill that thrust families into abject poverty and pain. I know he feels bad about that and he can right that wrong with the power of the pen. I’m appealing to him as a father whose son [Hunter] could very possibly be going to prison.”In other efforts to protect civil liberties, the ACLU is recommending a moratorium on all federal government purchases of Americans’ personal data without a warrant. It is also asking Congress to pass the Fourth Amendment Is Not for Sale Act to prevent potential abuse of surveillance technologies under the Trump administration.Meanwhile, Trump has pledged to rescind unspent funds in Biden’s landmark climate and healthcare law and stop clean-energy development projects. White House officials are working against the clock to dole out billions of dollars in grants for existing programmes to minimise Trump’s ability to rescind or redirect these funds. Earlier this month, the transportation secretary, Pete Buttigieg, announced more than $3.4bn in grants for infrastructure projects across the country.Wendy Schiller, a political science professor at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, notes that Trump will have the power of impoundment to stall the money flowing out of the government and can order rescissions to programmes funded by Congress.“The singular thing that Joe Biden can do is expedite the flow of federal dollars in all the programmes,” Schiller said.“Any money that is supposed to leave the treasury to go to schools, food safety, environmental protection – anything that is not yet distributed needs to get distributed. It’s like emptying literally the piggy bank before you go on a trip. President Biden needs to be literally getting as much money out the door in the hands of state, local and community organisations as he can.”Another priority for the White House is getting Senate confirmation of as many federal judges as possible, given the potential impact of the judiciary in challenging Trump administration policies. The Marshall Project, a non-profit news organisation, noted: “Federal judges restricted hundreds of Trump administration policies during his first term, and will likely play a significant role in determining the trajectory of his second.”Senate Republicans forced numerous procedural votes and late-night sessions this week in attempt to stall confirmations. Eventually a deal was struck that will bring Biden within striking distance of the 234 judicial confirmations that occurred in Trump’s first term – but four of Biden’s appellate court nominees will not be considered.The outgoing president could also engage with Democratic-led states and localities to bolster protections and establish “firewalls” against Trump’s agenda, particularly in areas such as immigration. These collaborations could involve reinforcing sanctuary city policies and providing resources to states that are likely to face pressure from the Trump administration.Chris Scott, former coalitions director for Harris, said: “What will be interesting is how or what can President Biden to work with states, especially where we have Democratic leadership in place, to be able to brace themselves and arm themselves with more protection. We already have places like a Michigan or Illinois where you have governors vowing to make sure that they have protections – even in the Trump presidency.”As Barack Obama discovered before handing Trump the keys to the Oval Office in 2017, however, lame duck presidents can only do so much. Trump will come into office with a flurry of executive orders, a supportive Congress and fewer guardrails than the first time around.Bill Galston, a former adviser in the Bill Clinton administration, said: “On January 20 Donald Trump will control all the instruments of government and, at that point, it’ll be up to the courts – and public opinion – to restrain him.” More
The misogyny and anti-trans rhetoric that were hallmarks of the 2024 election campaign have seemingly ramped up since Donald Trump’s win, prompting some women, queer and trans people to respond by buying guns – and learning how to defend themselves from potential attackers.The Guardian spoke to various Americans from marginalized groups taking firearms classes, arming themselves with stun guns and pepper spray and taking their friends shooting in an effort to protect themselves from bigots they fear will be emboldened by the president-elect’s return to power. A few left-leaning gun clubs say their numbers are increasing dramatically.“I am thinking about carrying every day,” said Ashley Parten, 38, a Douglasville, Georgia, resident who purchased stun guns for herself, her daughter and three nieces after the election. Parten, who is Black and bisexual, is also eyeing a maroon handgun that she plans on buying after taking a firearms class.“We all feel the need to make sure that we’re aware of our surroundings and protect ourselves in general, but even more so now,” she said.Earlier this week, the Republican House speaker, Mike Johnson, in effect targeted Sarah McBride, the first openly trans person elected to Congress, by stating single-sex bathrooms in the Capitol “are reserved for individuals of that biological sex”. Trump, whose campaign released a firehose of anti-trans attack ads, has promised to ban gender-affirming care for minors and “keep men out of women’s sports”.The president-elect and several of his cabinet picks are also facing sexual misconduct allegations; he and his allies have bragged about the overturning of Roe v Wade and denigrated childfree women.“Our identities are politicized every single day,” said Parten.View image in fullscreenA few days after Trump’s first presidential win in November 2016, Parten said she was filling up with gas in Charleston, South Carolina, when a white man in a red Maga hat shoved her against the pump. She says she elbowed the man and then drove off.“He told me that my N-word president couldn’t protect me any more, because it was Trump country,” she recalled.Some firearms sellers and trainers who serve marginalized groups said they had seen an explosion of interest following the election.“It’s been massively overwhelming,” said Tom Nguyen, founder of LA Progressive Shooters, a gun club that caters to Bipoc and LGBTQ+ people.His beginner pistol course is sold out until June 2025 and he says he’s been “getting more bookings on a daily basis, every single day since the election than I ever have in the past four years that I’ve been doing this work”.The nationwide Liberal Gun Club said it had fielded thousands of new membership requests since the election, about half of which have come from women, with queer and trans people also accounting for a bulk of newcomers. One Wisconsin-based instructor has already trained 100 new members, according to the club spokesperson, Lara Smith. The Pink Pistols, a national gun group catering to LGBTQ+ people, said it had opened six new chapters since the election.Politically motivated gun sales aren’t new, nor are they unique to progressive voters.Barack Obama’s 2008 election resulted in a sustained surge in gun sales throughout his tenure.Just a few days before the election, Michael Cargill, who owns Central Texas Gun Works in Austin, said he saw a spike in sales from conservatives stocking up on firearms and ammo because they believed Kamala Harris winning would result in a second amendment crackdown. (The US vice-president has said she owns a Glock.) Cargill, a Black, gay Republican, said his firearms classes have doubled in size since Trump’s win and are now at capacity. The influx is primarily coming from women and LGBTQ+ people worried about their rights and potential “civil unrest”, he said.The manosphere, an anti-feminist online ecosystem, has embraced Trump’s win with posts celebrating male dominance and the loss of bodily autonomy for women and LGBTQ+ people.skip past newsletter promotionafter newsletter promotionAfter the election, the white nationalist podcaster Nick Fuentes wrote on X: “Your body, my choice. Forever.” Smith, the Liberal Gun Club spokesperson, said many new members said the post motivated them to join.“If there’s men out there that really think like that, I want at least a fighting chance if I ever encounter one,” said Kylee Ortega, a 24-year-old Texan who bought a pink stun gun featuring a cartoon Grim Reaper and a strawberry keychain that can be used to stab people.Trans gun enthusiasts and content creators are also hearing from their previously gun-shy friends who want to learn defensive shooting.View image in fullscreenJessie McGrath, 63, a lifelong Republican who is trans, grew up around guns on farms in Colorado and Nebraska. She decided to vote for Harris when Republicans started attacking gender-affirming care and “wanting to basically outlaw my ability to exist”. She ended up being a delegate at the Democratic national convention.“Government getting involved in making healthcare decisions is something that I never thought I would see the Republican party doing,” she said.McGrath, a veteran and prosecutor, now splits her time between Los Angeles and Omaha, and said she plans on taking a group of friends shooting when she’s back in Nebraska next month.“I’ve seen a huge uptick in women who don’t like guns who are thinking about at least getting trained on it,” she said. “It is a real, valid feeling that these people have, because the attacks have gotten larger. They’ve gotten more vitriolic.”While many women and LGBTQ+ folks cite protection as a reason for owning a gun, and may feel comforted having one, Harvard University research shows that it’s relatively rare to use a gun in self-defense. A meta-analysis by the University of California, San Francisco found that women with access to firearms are three times more likely to be killed than women who don’t have access.Tacticool Girlfriend, a trans woman and gun YouTuber with more than 62,000 subscribers, said she was concerned that people were panic-buying guns because of Trump’s win.“Guns are not going to answer most of people’s problems, even in the realm of self-defense. Training to use and carry pepper spray and studying martial arts will always be far more practical and useful in everyday self-defense scenarios,” she said, noting that gun ownership is costly in both time and money.“If you can’t dry-fire at least once a week and go out to the range once a month on average, you’re likely to become more of a liability to yourself and everyone around you in the event that you ever needed a gun.” More
Whatever happened to Kamala Harris? For 107 days she was everywhere, filling TV screens and campaign rallies in her whirlwind bid for the White House. Then, with election defeat by Donald Trump, it all ended as abruptly as it began. The rest is silence.“The vice-president has taken time off to go spend time with her family,” White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre told reporters on Thursday, acknowledging that Harris is holidaying in Hawaii with husband Doug Emhoff. “She has worked very hard for the last four years, and her taking a couple of days to be with her family, good for her.”With Trump’s special brand of chaos already dominating the Washington agenda, Harris’s vice-presidency is clearly in a winding down. When she formally leaves office on 20 January, she will face her first spell as a private citizen since she was elected San Francisco’s district attorney in 2003.Speculation has already begun as to what might come next. While Harris, 60, has not announced any specific plans, supporters suggest that options include a move into the private sector, a return to California politics – or another presidential run in 2028.Bakari Sellers, a close ally of Harris and former representative from South Carolina, said: “She can do anything she wants to do. She’s more than capable. She’s given this country more than enough. She can go to the private sector and make money. She can go to a law school and teach.“She can be governor of California and pretty much clear the field. She can run for president again. Or she can just say to hell with it and go and spend time with Dougie. That decision hasn’t been made yet but her options are plentiful.”The last incumbent vice-president to lose an election was Al Gore in 2000. He went on to make an Oscar-winning documentary, An Inconvenient Truth, and win the Nobel peace prize for his efforts to combat the climate crisis.Election losers since then have included John Kerry, later a secretary of state, and John McCain and Mitt Romney, both of whom served in the Senate. Hillary Clinton wrote a book about her 2016 defeat entitled What Happened, while the 2020 election loser, Trump, bounced back to regain the White House earlier this month.Harris might be tempted by a spell in the private sector. Law firms and lobbying groups would welcome her legal background and political connections. Alternatively she could contribute to the policy debate by joining a thinktank or launching her own advocacy organisation.She could also write a book offering her perspective on her time in Joe Biden’s White House, including its internal tensions, and her hastily improvised campaign against Trump. Its level of candour would probably depend on whether she is planning a return to the political arena.California governor Gavin Newsom is term-limited in 2026, raising the prospect of Harris seeking to make more history by becoming the state’s first female governor. As a former California senator and attorney general, she enjoys high name recognition in the state and would have no problem attracting donors.Harris would be following in the footsteps of Richard Nixon, who lost the 1960 presidential election and ran for California governor two years later. But he lost that race, too. He told reporters: “You don’t have Nixon to kick around any more, because, gentlemen, this is my last news conference.” He roared back to win the presidency in 1968.View image in fullscreenHarris would, however, face competition from fellow Democrats in 2026. Lieutenant governor Eleni Kounalakis, a longtime Harris ally, has already announced her candidacy, potentially setting up a contentious primary contest.Bill Whalen, a political consultant and speechwriter who has worked for California governors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Pete Wilson, said: “There’s a gubernatorial race sitting there waiting for her if she wants it. If you look at the polls, there is no clear frontrunner. If she were to jump in, she would immediately push most Democrats out of the race and, given California’s politics, if it’s her versus a Republican in November, she would be a cinch to win it.”The governorship of California, the most populous state in the US, would offer a high-profile platform that could keep Harris in the national spotlight and potentially position her for a future presidential run. Like Newsom, Harris could style herself as a leader of the Democratic resistance to Trump.But focusing on a gubernatorial race could detract from Harris’s efforts to build national support and momentum for a potential 2028 presidential campaign. Whalen, a research fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University in California, said: “The question is, does she want to be a governor or does she want to be a president? If she wants to be president, then governor is not the right path because she would have to run for that office in 2026 and pivot right around and run for president in 2027.”If Harris became governor, she might have to wait until 2032 for another White House bid. Whalen commented: “That’s a long time to wait in politics. If she wants to run for president again, then it’s pretty simple: she and Gavin Newsom and [Illinois governor] JB Pritzker and others have to figure out who is the tip of the spear of the so-called resistance. That would be the card for her to play.”Democrats are still shellshocked by Harris’s 312-to-226 defeat by Trump in the electoral college. But as of Thursday’s count, she was trailing Trump by only 1.7% in the national popular vote. She had a total of 74.3m votes, the third-highest popular vote total in history after Biden in 2020 and Trump in 2024.The idea of Harris making another bid for the White House in 2028 is already being floated. She retains access to the Democratic party’s most extensive donor network.A Morning Consult opinion poll this week found that 43% of Democrats and Democratic-leaning independents said they would vote for Harris if the party’s 2028 presidential primary were held today. She was well ahead of transportation secretary Pete Buttigieg at 9% and Newsom at 8%.But precedent is against her. Democrats have historically shown little appetite for re-nominating candidates who previously lost presidential elections, as Gore could testify. Moreover, following the defeats of both Clinton and Harris, the party will undoubtedly grapple with whether they want to put forward a woman for the third time. Democrats may also be inclined to move on from the Biden-Harris era and seek fresh faces.Chris Scott, who was coalitions director for Harris during the campaign, said: “I have no idea what she plans on doing next. I have definitely heard the reports, as have a lot of folks around her, of her potentially running for governor. It would be a great thing for California if that was what she decided to do and it also keeps her in the conversation.”Scott pointed to Harris’s strong advocacy for issues such as reproductive rights and economic opportunity. “There is a chance that she could run in 2028 again. Obviously a lot of things have to look different next time around. But a loss here does not negate that she has been an outstanding public servant for her entire career. It is my hope that we have not seen the last of her in politics.” More
