US Politics

Shortly before the funeral on Saturday for an eight-year-old girl who died while she detained by the US border patrol in Texas and stricken with influenza, her relatives vowed to pursue justice in her case so “nobody has to go through this” again.“We will let our baby rest and hope that she rests in peace,” the family of Anadith Reyes Álvarez said in a statement, obtained by the Spanish-language news network Univision. “We want justice for her and that nobody has to go through this.”The statement from Anadith’s family came hours before her loved ones expected to bury her on Saturday at a cemetery in New Jersey. Anadith’s family and other loved ones had grieved her at a wake in her honor held on Friday in New York City.Anadith died on 17 May on what her mother, Mabel Álvarez Benedicks, has said was the family’s ninth day in border patrol custody at a detention facility in Harlingen, Texas.The girl had reportedly been diagnosed with influenza, had recurring fever that would spike as highly as 104.9F (40.5C), and was complaining about having difficulty breathing. She also had bone pain and could not walk, according to what Álvarez has said to the Associated Press as well as information released by authorities.Yet, Álvarez has said, personnel at the detention facility insisted that she did not need hospital care, and she only received saline fluids, fever medication and a shower. A nurse practitioner reported denying as many as four requests from Anadith’s mother to call an ambulance for the girl.Anadith eventually lost consciousness, went limp and was pronounced dead after being brought to a hospital without any detectable vital signs.Álvarez has acknowledged that Anadith had a history of heart problems and sickle cell anemia, yet her family has maintained that she was healthy when she arrived at the detention center. Meanwhile, Univision reported that a preliminary border patrol investigation found that medical staff who treated Anadith as her illness worsened failed to check health records documenting her conditions.The US Customs and Border Protection agency on Thursday transferred out its chief medical officer in response to Anadith’s death. David Tarantino is expected to begin temporary work next week at the federal Department of Homeland Security, which houses Customs and Border Protection.The non-profit organizations Texas Civil Rights Project and Haitian Bridge Alliance are advocating for Anadith’s family and assured that they have helped commission an independent autopsy to determine the girl’s cause of death.“What happened to Anadith was a tragedy based on negligence,” the Texas Civil Rights Project attorney Kassandra González said in a statement provided to Univision.The director of Haitian Bridge Alliance, Guerline Jozef, added that Anadith’s death “could have been prevented if her and her mother’s requests for medical attention would not have been ignored”.Anadith was a national of of Panama, and her parents are from Honduras. Her death came a week after Ángel Eduardo Maradiaga Espinoza – a teenager from Honduras – died near Tampa, Florida, while detained at a US health department facility for unaccompanied children.Officials have said they believe Ángel died as a result of an epileptic seizure. Staff at the facility where Ángel was detained had records of his history of epilepsy but did not read them, officials have said, according to reporting from the Tampa Bay Times.Both Anadith and Ángel died amid a rush to the border before the expiration of Covid-19 asylum limits known as Title 42 brought extraordinary pressure on the outdated, underfunded US immigration system.An arguably tougher immigration policy replaced what was in place before the lifting of Title 42. More

At his first political rally since announcing his re-election campaign for president in April, Joe Biden told a crowd of labor union supporters: “Wall Street didn’t build America – you did.”“If the investment bankers of this country went on strike tomorrow, no one would notice,” Biden said on Saturday during a speech which alluded to his blue-collar childhood roots in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Renewing his longstanding vocal support for labor unions, he continued: “If this room didn’t show up to work tomorrow, the whole country would come to a grinding halt, so tell me – who matters more in America?”Saturday’s rally was hosted by the AFL-CIO, a federation of 60 labor unions representing 12.5 million workers in the US, which has endorsed Biden and the vice-president, Kamala Harris, for re-election in 2024.Other unions that have endorsed Biden ahead of his rally included the American Federation of Teachers as well as the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees.“President Joe Biden and Vice-President Kamala Harris are the most pro-labor, pro-public education leaders our country has seen in modern history,” the teachers federation president, Randi Weingarten, said.She added: “Joe and Kamala understand in their souls the challenges families face, and how important it is to their dignity to earn a decent living and have a shot at owning a home, or securing a retirement, or affording college. They know union membership can be transformative.”Lee Saunders, the state, county and municipal employees federation president, echoed similar sentiments, saying: “Joe Biden is the most pro-worker president of our lifetime. He respects and protects working people – especially front-line public service workers – and the essential work they do.”Saunders added, “Joe doesn’t just thank us for keeping our communities running; he prioritizes our issues and defends our freedoms – the freedom to organize, to earn a living wage, to build thriving communities and to have a seat at the table. And he will help us solve the staffing crisis that is pushing millions of public service workers to their breaking point.”Biden began the rally by mentioning that his wife, Jill Biden, belongs to the National Education Association union and that she is from the Philadelphia-area community of Hammonton, New Jersey.“There are a lot of politicians in this country who can’t say the word ‘union’,” Biden said. But on Saturday he declared himself the most pro-union president in history.Biden cited the jobs recovery under his administration and affirmed an end to trickle-down economics during his presidency.“All it had done was hollow out the middle class, blow up the deficit, ship jobs overseas, strip the dignity and pride and hope out of community one after another all across America has factories shut down,” Biden asserted.He continued by outlining his efforts to oppose Republican legislative policies such as social security cuts and what he called unfair tax codes and loopholes utilized by the largest corporation and the wealthy, including tax rates for billionaires that are low when compared to those levied on other workers.“Just pay your fair share man,” Biden quipped. “It’s about time the super wealthy start paying their fair share.”He concluded his appearance at the rally by enlisting the support of union members in his re-election campaign to fight against Republican efforts to reinstate tax cuts for the wealthy.“They’re coming for your jobs – they’re coming for your future,” he warned. “It’s time for everyone, no matter how rich or powerful they are, to start paying their fair share, you’ve carried this country on your back long enough, it’s time for millionaires and billionaires and big corporations to pay their fair share. I can get that done, but I need you badly.”Biden’s address Saturday echoed September 2021 remarks in which he said: “I intend to be the most pro-union president leading the most pro-union administration in American history.”During his victorious 2020 presidential run, he had also said: “I’m a union man. Period.”In February, the Biden administration announced a new plan to encourage further union membership across the country. The plan includes 70 recommendations that would make it easier for federal employees to join unions and remove barriers for union organizers to talk with workers on federal property.Biden’s itinerary on Saturday included taking an aerial tour of the interstate 95 bridge collapse during the previous weekend in Philadelphia, according to reports. An elevated section of the bridge collapsed on 11 June after a vehicle caught on fire, prompting transportation officials to warn of extensive delays and street closures. More

Newly released emails obtained by the Student Borrower Protection Center reveal employees at a student loan service provider in Missouri expressed confusion over the state’s attorney general placing the provider at the center of a lawsuit filed to block the Joe Biden’s student loan forgiveness plan.The United States supreme court is expected to issue a ruling on a legal challenge to the president’s student debt forgiveness of up to $20,000 in the coming weeks. That challenge – filed by the Missouri attorney general and five other Republican-led states – and another challenge filed by the conservative advocacy organization, Job Creators Network, made it to the supreme court.The Missouri Higher Education Loan Authority – or Mohela – is at the center of the challenge by the GOP-led states, claiming the loan service provider would lose revenue and face negative impacts over its financial obligations to Missouri. Consumer advocates, meanwhile, have pointed out that Mohela stands to gain revenue from Biden’s cancellation plan.In court hearings on the challenges earlier this year, US supreme court justices questioned why Mohela did not bring its own legal challenges to Biden’s debt cancellation plan and how the Republican-led states could claim harm on their behalf.Emails released since establish that Mohela employees expressed similar confusion.“The [Missouri] state AG needed to claim that our borrowers were harmed for standing, so they’re making us look bad by filing this not only with [Missouri] on it, but especially bad because they filed it in [Missouri],” wrote a Mohela employee in September 2022.Another Mohela employee asked in an October 2022 email: “just out of curiosity, is MOHELA apart of the lawsuit going on to prevent the loan forgiveness? Are we the bad guys?”A fellow employee responded, “Mohela isn’t technically a part of that lawsuit, the Missouri AG is suing on their behalf. However, it’s all about the [Family Federal Education Loans] stuff, and since they changed the rules, that lawsuit should be ruled as lacking standing.”Ella Azoulay, a Student Borrower Protection Center research and policy analyst, argued the emails confirmed the “partisan hack job” of Missouri’s lawsuit to block student debt relief.The legal challenges have paused Biden’s student debt relief plan announced in August 2022. The relief plan would grant up to $20,000 in student debt relief for Pell grant recipients and up to $10,000 in student debt forgiveness for all other borrowers with annual incomes under $125,000. Nearly 26 million Americans had applied for relief under the plan by November 2022. More

In the months leading up to the 2022 US midterm elections, hundreds of thousands of Facebook users in swing states were targeted with advertisements asking them to sign the Women’s Bill of Rights – a relatively innocuous-sounding initiative presented as a crusade for women’s empowerment. “The Real Fight For Women”, read one version featuring a woman looking down at a cityscape and flexing her biceps. “We know what a woman is,” proclaimed another, its text hovering over a closeup of the Statue of Liberty.But the Women’s Bill of Rights is a weapon in a war against gender equity being waged by a conservative non-profit women’s group. Independent Women’s Voice, or IWV, lobbies against the equal rights amendment, criticizes public school curriculum and opposes government-funded parental leave. Recently, they have turned their resources to fighting transgender rights. And, according to documents shared with the Guardian by watchdog True North Research, IWV budgeted nearly $6m to promote anti-trans messaging in 10 swing states in advance of last year’s midterms.“Do not be fooled by their name,” said Alyssa Bowen, senior researcher and managing editor at True North. “This group is a tool of the right to advance an extremist agenda.”When Facebook users follow a link to sign the Women’s Bill of Rights, they are taken to a website that promotes traditional gender roles and characterizes transgender people as a threat to women’s success and safety. The page includes a copy of the bill itself, which insists “males and females possess unique and immutable biological differences” and “biological differences … warrant the creation of separate social, educational, athletic, or other spaces in order to ensure safety”.To researchers and policy experts, these bullet points are thinly veiled attempts to stoke anti-LGBTQ+ fears and erase legal protections for transgender people. “The Women’s Bill of Rights does nothing for women,” said Gillian Branstetter of the American Civil Liberties Union. “All they do is seek to target trans people. They’re trying not only to suggest that trans people are a threat to women, but that they are the only threat to women.”The documents show this messaging has significant fiscal backing. The “Women’s Bill of Rights Proposal” indicates that in order to promote women’s rights as a midterm issue in states with “tossups or tight races”, as much as $575,000 per state was allotted for marketing in Arizona, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, though the documents do not show how much of this total was actually spent. When asked to confirm, Heather R Higgins, IWV’s CEO, said they “don’t discuss specifics with the media on non-reportable education and advocacy expenses”.Another document uncovered by True North – authored by the Independent Women’s Law Center, a project of IWV’s sister organization, the Independent Women’s Forum – states that focusing on issues other than abortion separates the Independent Women brand from other conservative women’s groups, enabling it to more successfully “convince moderates” to support initiatives like abolishing the equal rights amendment by voting Republican.That disclosure adds important context to IWV promotional materials rolled out in advance of the midterms that challenge their claims to abortion neutrality. These include a website for “abortion facts” that downplays the fall of Roe, and social media ads that encourage voters to worry about crime and inflation rather than reproductive rights. Another difficulty is their association with Erin Hawley, an attorney who is fighting to bar access to medication abortion and worked for the Alliance Defending Freedom in Dobbs v Jackson’s Women’s Health, the lawsuit that overturned Roe. Hawley was formerly an Independent Women’s Law Center fellow. She is also the wife of Senator Josh Hawley, who has been accused of transphobia and has a track record of supporting anti-choice legislation.IWV denies any intention to draw eyes away from abortion. “There is no connection whatsoever between abortion and WBOR,” said Higgins. “Far from being a distraction, supporting WBOR is the first test of whether anyone from across the political spectrum is serious about whether they stand with women,” she said, claiming the bill has bipartisan support.True North argues that IWV’s campaign to present trans rights as threatening to cis women could be part of a through-line strategy to distract voters from the fallout of last summer’s supreme court ruling against the constitutional right to abortion.Policy experts are not surprised. “GOP candidates really suffered from headlines about abortion,” said Kelly Baden, vice-president for public policy at the Guttmacher Institute, which tracks policies related to sexual and reproductive health. “It makes absolute sense that they would rather talk about a 12-year-old being on puberty blockers.”The connection between anti-trans and anti-choice initiatives, she says, runs deeper than electoral strategy; preventing women from getting abortions and blocking people from accessing gender-affirming care are attacks on bodily autonomy. “The messaging strategy for both is that [the bans] have to do with our own health and protection. But what they’re saying is that they know better than a family or a physician,” said Baden.Baden also sees parallels in the “shared tactics” of anti-trans and anti-choice legislative methods. In both cases, “model bills are pushed into the hands of state legislators” from outside groups, she explained. Organizations like the National Right to Life Committee and Americans United for Life, for instance, are credited with having drafted many of the abortion trigger bans that went into law shortly after Roe fell.As of publication, IWV’s Women’s Bill of Rights has been passed in Kansas and Tennessee, and Montana has ratified a similar oppressive bill that defines “biological gender”.Branstetter says another commonality is the perpetuation of rigid traditional gender norms, a Republican priority, especially among members of the religious right. “Anti-trans and anti-abortion laws both define women by their reproductive functions,” she said. “The idea that the issues are not connected is fantastical.”skip past newsletter promotionafter newsletter promotionThe effectiveness of the messaging is hard to gauge. The 2022 midterms were a largely unsuccessful election cycle for Republicans, who squandered key races and failed to win the Senate. That performance has been attributed by many – including Republicans – to losing the votes of women and young people who support abortion.The chair of the New Hampshire Democratic party, Ray Buckley, doesn’t think swing voters in his state are so easily distracted. “Our independent women are more progressive than that,” he said.Last fall, far-right New Hampshire Republican candidate Karoline Leavitt sent out mailers spotlighting her crusade against trans athletes in women’s sports. She lost to Democrat Chris Pappas by more than seven points. “If that was their goal in New Hampshire, they failed,” said Buckley.In Colorado, former Trump aide Stephen Miller’s political non-profit sent anti-transgender brochures to Latino voters. Democratic strategists there believe such messaging pushed voters away. “I think they’re just weirding people out,” said the state party chair, Shad Murib.Both New Hampshire and Colorado were targeted states in IWV’s Women’s Bill of Rights proposal. Looking to 2024, Buckley and Murib expect to see more anti-transgender vitriol, but doubt it will win over moderates and independents. “If they want to distract from [abortion], there are plenty of things we can talk about, but they picked another wedge issue, and Colorado is just not going to bite,” said Murib, pointing to voters’ concerns about employment, drought and housing.Others aren’t so sure. Bowen emphasizes the outsized influence that scare tactics can have on voters. “The GOP is manufacturing fear of the LGBTQ+ community to try to drive fleeing moderates back to Trump’s party to aid the 2024 elections,” she said. Higgins confirmed that “advancing WBOR remains a top priority for Independent Women’s Voice”.Baden believes tactics to block access to both abortion and gender-affirming care will intensify as the next election cycle approaches, with young people as a key messaging strategy. She points to Idaho’s recently enacted travel ban for minors seeking abortions out of state. “They start with minors because they think they have both an easier messaging win and easier legal avenues,” she said. “I think we’ll see more of those kinds of bills next year, but … that is just a testing ground for them.”Branstetter, too, sees restrictions for young people as the beginning of a larger escalation. “They’re dropping the pretense that this was about young people,” she said. “We’re probably stepping into a legislative session and an election where outright bans on gender transitions for anyone of any age are on the table.”For her, that prospect is yet another reason to see abortion and transgender rights as two sides of the same coin. Both impact historically marginalized groups, both employ technologies that help people break free of gender norms, and both save lives. Said Branstetter, “Their goal is to make people so scared of trans freedom that you’ll sacrifice your own … [but] trans rights are women’s rights.”The Guardian contacted Republican party leadership in each of the 10 states identified in the Women’s Bill of Rights Proposal, but received no response.
This article was amended on 17 June 2023. It previously stated Erin Hawley was currently an Independent Women’s Law Center fellow, when she no longer is. More

Joe Biden, who early into his presidency said he intended to seek a second term, formally announced he was running for re-election in April, exactly four years after he entered the 2020 presidential race.The president has swiftly assembled a mix of trusted advisers on a campaign team that paints a picture of his 2024 strategy, which includes engaging Latino communities and touting his first-term achievements.Here’s a look at the key players in Biden’s inner circle.Top campaign namesJulie Chávez Rodríguez, campaign managerBiden picked Chávez Rodríguez, a senior adviser and assistant to the president, to steer his re-election campaign. Chávez Rodríguez was a deputy campaign manager on the Biden-Harris ticket and oversaw the campaign’s outreach to Latino voters. She is the granddaughter of the late labor leader Cesar Chavez, who founded the powerful United Farm Workers of America union, and attended labor rallies at a young age.She also served as state director for the then California senator Kamala Harris and held senior roles on Harris’s 2020 presidential campaign. She became the highest-ranking Latina in the Biden-Harris administration as director of the White House Office of Intergovernmental Affairs. She served in a number of roles under former president Barack Obama, including as a director of domestic policy.Quentin Fulks, deputy campaign managerFulks, who served as campaign chief for the Georgia senator Raphael Warnock’s re-election bid in 2022, joined Biden’s 2024 team as principal deputy campaign manager. He also helped run JB Pritzker’s 2018 campaign for governor of Illinois and then served as a senior adviser.Fulks, who is Black, said in an interview with the Associated Press that growing up in a majority white town in rural Georgia helped him understand what Democrats needed to win votes in conservative-majority states, speaking of Warnock’s successful re-election bid.Kevin Muñoz, pressMuñoz, a former White House spokesperson who oversaw its messaging on the Covid-19 pandemic, is helping manage the press office on Biden’s re-election campaign as it makes key hires months after formally taking shape. He previously served as a campaign spokesperson for Biden’s 2020 presidential campaign, leading efforts in Nevada and Florida, according to LinkedIn.Chávez Rodríguez told CNN in March that Muñoz, who frequently made appearances speaking Spanish, is someone who can “figure out how to best identify the issues and communicate those in English and in Spanish”.Jill BidenThe first lady, Jill Biden, encouraged her husband to seek a second term. According to the president’s senior advisers, he will often consider her opinion before making final decisions on official matters. She is also expected to play a large role on the campaign trail as Biden faces backlash for his family. A career educator, she offers a perspective over GOP fights about book bans and other policies in schools, and has served as a connection to suburban voters, particularly women.“She is really effective in talking about how the Biden agenda is good for moms, for women, for working women,” Kate Bedingfield, a former White House communications director and 2020 deputy campaign manager, told Politico.Kamala HarrisVice-President Kamala Harris will play a significant role in Biden’s re-election campaign as his running mate. At 58, Harris is decades younger than Biden, 80, whose age has been a concern among some voters, and could face more scrutiny on the campaign trail as the person second in line for the presidency.Harris, who defended abortion following the supreme court’s decision to overturn Roe v Wade, is also expected to help shore up support over reproductive rights, a top issue among voters. Harris is the highest-ranking woman in the current administration and the first person of Black and Asian descent to hold the vice-presidency. She was previously attorney general of California and was later elected senator.Trusted White House officials who steered Biden’s 2020 campaignJen O’Malley DillonO’Malley Dillon was the campaign manager for Biden’s 2020 presidential bid. She joined the campaign in March 2020 from her post as campaign chief for Beto O’Rourke after he withdrew from the race and led a historic effort to win voters amid the pandemic shutdown.She joined the Biden-Harris administration as deputy chief of staff, along with a slate of top 2020 campaign advisers, including Chávez Rodríguez, who is leading Biden’s re-election bid.Jeff Zientsskip past newsletter promotionafter newsletter promotionZients, who has been Biden’s chief of staff since January, served as co-chair of the transition in 2020. Zients, whom Biden picked to oversee the White House Covid-19 response, served a number of roles during the Obama administration, including as director of the national economic council.Earlier this year, Axios reported that Zients called members of Biden’s cabinet to tell them if they wanted to resign, they should do it now, because the cabinet would play a key role in touting the president’s first-term achievements on the 2024 trail.Anita DunnThe veteran campaign strategist Anita Dunn, one of Biden’s closest advisers, had begun planning for his campaign before he officially filed for re-election. Dunn is leading Biden’s 2024 messaging from the White House, where she serves as a senior adviser, but is working closely with the president’s re-election team, according to CNN.Dunn previously served as White House communications director under Barack Obama and is credited with crafting media strategies across several campaigns. She was a senior adviser on Biden’s 2020 campaign and worked at the White House temporarily to help craft the president’s agenda before returning to her political consulting firm, SKDK. She rejoined the Biden administration last April ahead of the 2022 midterms.Mike DonilonAs chief strategist of Biden’s 2020 campaign, Donilon helped shape the message that guided Biden to victory over Donald Trump. Donilon, now a senior adviser to the president, has worked with Biden since the 1980s and served in the Clinton and Obama administrations.Donilon has worked on six presidential campaigns and helped secure dozens of Democratic gubernatorial and congressional victories.Steve RicchettiRicchetti, counselor to the president, is one of Biden’s most loyal advisers, having joined his vice-presidential staff in 2012. He was Biden’s campaign chair in 2020 and previously encouraged him to run in 2016. Ricchetti, a former congressional lobbyist, has held numerous roles in the Obama and Clinton administrations.Ricchetti was one of the White House officials picked to lead the negotiations over the debt ceiling with the House speaker, Kevin McCarthy, and shepherded the trillion-dollar bipartisan infrastructure deal past last-minute disagreements. He also helped Biden negotiate a lucrative book deal and tour, according to the New York Times.Bruce ReedReed, who advised Biden on technology policy during his 2020 campaign, is a White House deputy chief of staff and is expected to remain in his administration role while advising the president on his re-election bid.He also served as chief of staff to Biden when he was vice-president, from 2011 to 2013, succeeding Ron Klain. He served as a deputy campaign manager for Bill Clinton and later worked in his administration as director of the domestic policy council.Other key namesValerie Biden OwensBiden’s younger sister, Valerie Biden Owens, has played a key role throughout the president’s political career, serving as a senior adviser to his 2020 campaign. She managed Biden’s seven consecutive runs for the US Senate, as well as his first presidential campaign in 1988.Ron KlainKlain, who stepped down from his role as White House chief of staff earlier this year, is one of Biden’s most trusted advisers and worked as a top aide on his 2020 campaign. He previously served as chief of staff to Biden when he was vice-president, a job he also held during the Clinton administration, to Al Gore. Before Biden officially announced he was running for re-election, Klain said Biden had the best shot among Democrats at beating Donald Trump. More

Daniel Ellsberg, who has died aged 92, was the most important whistleblower of our times. His 1971 leaking of what became known as the Pentagon Papers showed conclusively that virtually everything the American public had been told by its leaders about the Vietnam war, from its origins to its current conduct, was false.The leak itself did not end the war, and Ellsberg regretted not having come forward years earlier. He spent the rest of his life as a peace activist, encouraging others on the inside to reveal government malfeasance, and supporting those who did, including the 2003 GCHQ whistleblower Katharine Gun. But his leaks did result in a landmark decision in favour of freedom of the press, and, ironically, led to the downfall of the US president Richard Nixon. It is not unreasonable to set Ellsberg’s leak alongside President John F Kennedy’s assassination as the ground zero of today’s distrust of politics.Before working on the Pentagon Papers, officially a study titled A History of Decision-Making in Vietnam 1945-68 commissioned from the Rand Corporation research organisation by the secretary of defense Robert McNamara, Ellsberg had spent two years at the US embassy in Saigon, advising on General Edward Lansdale’s “pacification” programme. As he sifted through the material gathered for the report, including evaluations which deemed the war unwinnable, he realised the enormity of the political fraud.He began copying the documents, with the help of a former Rand colleague Anthony Russo, and in 1971, as the US extended the war with bombings of Laos and Cambodia, resolved to make them public. The chair of the senate foreign relations committee, William Fulbright, turned him down, as did the Washington Post’s editor Ben Bradlee and owner Katharine Graham; Graham was close to the secretary of state Henry Kissinger, who had known Ellsberg at Harvard; he advised her Ellsberg was “unbalanced and emotionally unstable”. Matthew Rhys played Ellsberg in the 2017 film The Post which loosely covers those events.Neil Sheehan of the New York Times was a reporter Ellsberg admired in Vietnam; Sheehan convinced the Times to take the papers, the first instalment of which revealed that the Gulf of Tonkin incident, the casus belli which launched full-scale US participation in the conflict, had been bogus.The Nixon administration obtained an injunction prohibiting further publication; the supreme court’s overturning of that injunction, dismissing the idea of “prior restraint”, remains a cornerstone of US journalistic freedom. But leakers themselves were not protected. Ellsberg was hidden by anti-war activists while Mike Gravel, the US senator from Alaska, entered most of the leaked papers into the congressional record, and the Post played catch-up.Meanwhile Nixon, furious at the leaks, created the so-called “plumbers” covert special investigation unit, to discover if Ellsberg had further material that might affect him directly, and to discredit him. When the plumbers’ bungled break-in at the Watergate offices revealed an earlier burglary of Ellsberg’s psychiatrist’s office, the ensuing chain of scandal and cover-up eventually forced Nixon’s resignation to avoid impeachment.Ellsberg grew up the very definition of a true believer in America. Both his father, Harry, a structural engineer, and mother, Adele (nee Charsky), were the children of Russian Jewish immigrants, but had converted to Christian Science. When Daniel, born in Chicago, was six, his father found work in Detroit, building Ford’s massive Willow Run factory.Daniel won a scholarship to the elite Cranbrook school in the Detroit suburbs; a talented pianist, he practised for four to six hours a day to fulfil his mother’s dream. But in 1946, rushing to Denver for a family gathering, his father fell asleep while driving and rammed into a bridge. His mother and younger sister, Gloria, both died; Daniel recovered from his severe injuries, but ceased playing the piano.He won a scholarship to Harvard, where he studied economics, edited the college paper, and finished third in his class. Upon graduation he married a Radcliffe student, Carol Cummings, whose father was a colonel in the Marine Corps, and took up a Wilson fellowship for a year’s study at King’s College, Cambridge. In 1954, accepted as a Harvard junior fellow to pursue his doctorate, he instead joined the Marines, becoming a rare first lieutenant given command of a full company.He returned to Harvard in 1957. His dissertation, Risk, Ambiguity and Decision, contained what is now known as the Ellsberg paradox, which delineated how the preference for well-defined probabilities, over the uncertainty of ambiguity, influences decision-making, especially as it reinforces preconceived ideas. It became an important part of game theory, and Ellsberg went to work for Rand on the Department of Defense’s Command and Control research, much of which was devoted to spitballing Fail Safe/Dr Strangelove scenarios, as detailed in his 2017 book The Doomsday Machine: Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner.In 1964 he went to the Department of Defense, as special assistant for international security to McNamara’s number two, John McNaughton, before moving to the State Department and Vietnam. In 1967 he rejoined Rand to work on McNamara’s project, but was increasingly tormented by Kissinger and Nixon’s Vietnam policy; they believed that if the US opened relations with China and entered into a detente with Russia, those countries would pressure North Vietnam to come to the table while the US bombed incessantly.Ellsberg began joining anti-war campaigners, including the poet Gary Snyder, and was inspired by Randy Kehler, a draft-resister who spoke of welcoming imprisonment for his belief. Ellsberg left Washington for MIT’s Centre for International Studies a year before leaking the papers. His first marriage had ended in divorce; in 1970 he married Patricia Marx, a peace activist.In June 1971, he surrendered himself to the US attorney in Boston; asked on the courthouse steps how he felt about going to prison, Ellsberg replied: “Wouldn’t you go to prison to end this war?” He became the first civilian charged with violating the 1917 Espionage Act, and faced a maximum sentence of 115 years. The District Court judge William Byrne ruled irrelevant his public-interest defence, that the documents were “illegally classified”, and so it has been for every whistleblower since. But Byrne eventually dismissed the case because of government malfeasance, including the plumbers’ break-ins, as well as Nixon’s wiretapping of Kissinger’s aide Morton Halperin, and John Ehrlichman’s offering Byrne the directorship of the FBI.In 1974, Ellsberg’s moving interviews were a major part of the Oscar-winning Vietnam documentary Hearts and Minds. In 1978 he was awarded the Gandhi prize by Promoting Enduring Peace. In the next 40 years he was arrested around 50 times at anti-war protests. He likened the weapons of mass destruction excuse for invading Iraq in 2003 to the Gulf of Tonkin affair, and over the years supported leakers who revealed government deceptions, including Edward Snowden, Chelsea Manning and Reality Winner, who was sentenced to five years in prison for leaking a single page from an in-house National Security Agency magazine showing the NSA had concluded Russia interfered in US elections, while the government was maintaining they had not.He recognised a practical corollary to the Ellsberg paradox: the more secrets you are able to access, the less able you become to act sensibly with them. In 2021, Ellsberg released government memos from 1958, showing that the joint chiefs of staff had prepared a nuclear first-strike against Chinese bases on Quemoy and Matsu during the Taiwan Strait crisis, with a full nuclear attack planned on China should they respond. His point was that little had changed since the Pentagon Papers.Ellsberg was played by James Spader in the 2003 film The Pentagon Papers, and was the subject of a 2009 documentary, The Most Dangerous Man in America. His memoir, Secrets, appeared in 2003 and in 2021 Risk Ambiguity and Decision was updated as a book, once again challenging the concept of rational decision.Ellsberg is survived by his wife and their son, Michael, and his son, Robert, and daughter, Mary, from his first marriage. More

The 2024 election promises to be historic as a long slate of Republican candidates seek to unseat the sitting president, Joe Biden. After the pandemic changed the way Americans campaigned and voted four years ago, and three years after thousands of rioters waged violent protest at the nation’s Capitol to upend the last election’s results, the US will face new obstacles in carrying out the democratic process.Here is the list of candidates in the primary elections, held beginning in early 2024.@font-face{font-family:”Guardian Headline Full”;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:300;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:”Guardian Headline 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Republicans

Democrats

Third party

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Doug Burgum
Governor of North Dakota

Burgum, the governor of North Dakota, announced his campaign in an opinion piece for the Wall Street Journal on 6 June. Viewed as a surprise, long-shot candidate, he touted his experience as a career businessman and leaned on his small-town roots in an announcement video titled Change. As governor, Burgum signed into law a near-total abortion ban, which makes the procedure illegal after six weeks, and only permissible in cases of rape, incest or medical emergency up to that point. 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Chris Christie
Former governor of New Jersey

The former New Jersey governor has emerged as one of the harshest Republican critics of Donald Trump, whom he endorsed for president in 2016 after dropping out of the race. Christie says he broke ties with the former president after the January 6 insurrection at the US Capitol, claiming that he hasn’t spoken to Trump since then. 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format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:300;font-style:italic}@font-face{font-family:”Guardian Headline Full”;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Regular.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:400;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:”Guardian Headline 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Ron DeSantis
Governor of Florida

Governor Ron DeSantis of Florida is predicted to be the strongest contender for the GOP nomination against Donald Trump, consistently polling second among Republican primary voters. He made his formal announcement on Twitter, a Spaces event attended by roughly 300,000 users riddled with technological glitches, on 24 May. DeSantis, who has served as Florida’s governor since 2019 and handily defeated the Democratic challenger, Charlie Crist, in 2022, previously represented Florida’s sixth congressional district as a member of the US House from 2012 to 2018. 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Larry Elder
Conservative radio host

The rightwing political commentator and radio talkshow host announced his run for president on Fox News as a guest on the now-canceled Tucker Carlson Tonight on 20 April 2023. In 2021, Elder joined a list of Republicans seeking to replace Gavin Newsom, the Democratic governor of California, in a failed recall. 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Nikki Haley
Former ambassador to the United Nations

Haley, who got her start in politics as a member of South Carolina’s general assembly, was governor of South Carolina from 2011 to 2017. She ended her second term early to serve as US ambassador to the United Nations under Donald Trump before announcing her resignation in 2018. She became the first Republican to announce a run against Donald Trump, even though she previously said she would not run against him. Haley has vowed to “fix” the US immigration system by “stopping illegal immigration” and described herself as pro-life, but said a federal abortion ban was unrealistic. 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Asa Hutchinson
Former governor of Arkansas

Hutchinson is the former governor of Arkansas, a post he held from 2015 to 2023. The relatively unknown politician announced his candidacy in an interview on ABC days after Trump was indicted in a Manhattan court, saying the ex-president should drop out of the race. Hutchinson is a businessman and lawyer who was appointed by Ronald Reagan to serve as a US attorney. 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Mike Pence
Former vice president of the United States

Mike Pence officially launched his campaign for president on 7 June, in a rare instance of a former vice-president challenging the president with whom he shared a ticket a few years ago. Pence joined a crowded Republican field in which he has consistently polled third, even before he officially announced his candidacy, though he trails far behind DeSantis and Trump. Pence is angling for a wide base among evangelical Christians and has vowed to ban abortion if he is elected. He denounced the January 6 attack on the US Capitol, and has used it as a talking point against Trump, who turned against him after he publicly refused supporters’ calls to overturn the results of the election.Back to top@font-face{font-family:”Guardian Headline Full”;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:300;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:”Guardian Headline Full”;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) 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Vivek Ramaswamy
Entrepreneur and author

The biotech entrepreneur and political newcomer announced his campaign in a video describing attacks on the “culture of free speech in America” and again on Fox News in an interview with now-fired Tucker Carlson. He is the author of Woke, Inc., a book that lobbies against “ESG” – a framework of corporate governance that encourages companies to consider the environment and social justice issues. Ramaswamy, the youngest candidate vying for the Republican nomination, has lobbied in favor of raising the national voting age to 25. Ramaswamy would be the first president of Asian and Indian descent. He has also vowed to pardon federally indicted Donald Trump.Back to top@font-face{font-family:”Guardian Headline Full”;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:300;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:”Guardian Headline Full”;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) 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Tim Scott
Senator from South Carolina

In May, Scott became the second politician from South Carolina to run for the Republican nomination. He has served as a senator from South Carolina since 2013 when he was appointed by Republican challenger Nikki Haley to fill a vacancy. Scott, who is one of three Black members of the Senate and is the only Black Republican senator, said in his announcement speech that “America is not a racist country.” Scott joined fellow Republicans in opposing the Respect for Marriage Act in 2022. Scott served as a member of the House from 2011 to 2013 and before that spent stints in South Carolina’s general assembly and Charleston’s county council. 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Francis Suarez
Mayor of Miami

Suarez, the mayor of Miami, is the first major Hispanic candidate seeking the Republican party nomination this election cycle. The son of Miami’s first Cuban-born mayor, Suarez has said he would broaden support for Republicans among Latino voters. He is the third candidate from Florida to join the crowded primary field, alongside frontrunners Donald Trump and Ron DeSantis. 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Donald Trump
Former president of the United States

Former president Donald Trump is the top contender for the Republican party nomination, even as he faces several legal hurdles, including federal charges over obstructing justice and violating the Espionage Act. Trump, a longtime businessman, unsuccessfully ran for re-election as president in 2020, and refused to accept the outcome of the results. Trump most recently said he is pro-life, and would continue his hardline immigration stance in a second term if elected. He has also renewed attacks on trans people, especially athletes, and his anti-China agenda.Back to topDemocrats@font-face{font-family:”Guardian Headline Full”;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.woff) format(“woff”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-Light.ttf) format(“truetype”);font-weight:300;font-style:normal}@font-face{font-family:”Guardian Headline Full”;src:url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff2) format(“woff2”),url(https://assets.guim.co.uk/static/frontend/fonts/guardian-headline/noalts-not-hinted/GHGuardianHeadline-LightItalic.woff) 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Joe Biden
President of the United States

Biden is the likely Democratic nominee for the 2024 presidential election. He announced his campaign for re-election on 25 April, exactly four years after he announced his previous, successful presidential campaign. While approval for Biden remains low, hovering just above 40%, political experts say he is the most likely candidate to defeat Donald Trump, the frontrunner for the Republican nomination. Biden has served in politics for over five decades and is running on a platform that includes abortion rights, gun reform and healthcare. 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Robert F Kennedy Jr
Lawyer and author

Robert F Kennedy Jr, known for his work as an environmental lawyer and his anti-vaccine views, said he is running for president to end the “chronic disease epidemic”. Kennedy, who compared vaccine mandates during the Covid-19 pandemic to “Hitler’s Germany”, has promoted other baseless conspiracy theories such as telecom networks being used to control people. 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Marianne Williamson
Author

Failed 2020 presidential candidate Marianne Williamson, who also unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the US House of Representatives in 2014, became the first Democratic candidate to announce she is running for president as a challenge to Joe Biden. Williamson, an author of self-help books, launched her long-shot bid with campaign promises to address climate change and student loan debt. 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Cornel West
Professor and progressive activist

Progressive activist Cornel West announced in a video posted to Twitter that he is running for president as a member of the People’s party, a third party headed by a former campaign staffer for Bernie Sanders. West is currently a professor of philosophy at Union Theological Seminary and previously worked at Harvard but resigned, saying the school had an “intellectual and spiritual bankruptcy of deep depths”.Back to top More

The Washington Post calls Donald Trump’s vision for a second term “authoritarian”.That vision includes mandatory stop-and-frisk. Deploying the military to fight street crime, break up gangs and deport immigrants. Purging the federal workforce. Charging leakers.“In 2016, I declared I am your voice,” Trump said at his first 2024 campaign rally in Waco, Texas. “Today, I add I am your warrior. I am your justice. And for those who have been wronged and betrayed, I am your retribution.”How do we describe what Trump wants for America?“Authoritarianism” isn’t adequate. It is fascism. Fascism stands for a coherent set of ideas different from – and more dangerous than – authoritarianism.To fight those ideas, it’s necessary to be aware of what they are and how they fit together.Borrowing from the cultural theorist Umberto Eco, the historians Emilio Gentile and Ian Kershaw, the political scientist Roger Griffin, and the former US secretary of state Madeleine Albright, I offer five elements that distinguish fascism from authoritarianism.1. The rejection of democracy, the rule of law and equal rights under the law in favor of a strongman who interprets the popular will.“The election was stolen.” (Trump, 2020)“I am your justice … I am your retribution.” (Trump, 2023)Authoritarians believe society needs strong leaders to maintain stability. They vest in a dictator the power to maintain social order through the use of force (armies, police, militia) and bureaucracy.By contrast, fascists view strong leaders as the means of discovering what society needs. They regard the leader as the embodiment of society, the voice of the people.2. The galvanizing of popular rage against cultural elites.“Your enemies” are “media elites”, … “the elites who led us from one financial and foreign policy disaster to another”. (Trump, 2015, 2016)Authoritarians do not stir people up against establishment elites. They use or co-opt those elites to gain and maintain power.By contrast, fascists galvanize public rage at presumed (or imaginary) cultural elites and use mass rage to gain and maintain power. They stir up grievances against those elites for supposedly displacing average people and seek revenge. In doing so, they create mass parties. They often encourage violence.3. Nationalism based on a dominant “superior” race and historic bloodlines.“Tremendous infectious disease is pouring across the border.” (Trump, 2015)“Jewish people that vote for a Democrat [show] great disloyalty.” (Trump, 2019)“Getting critical race theory out of our schools is … a matter of national survival.” (Trump, 2022)Authoritarians see nationalism as a means of asserting the power of the state. They glorify the state. They want it to dominate other nations.Authoritarianism seeks to protect or expand its geographic boundaries. It worries about foreign enemies encroaching on its territory.By contrast, fascism embodies what it considers a “superior” group – based on race, religion and historic bloodlines. Nationalism is a means of asserting that superiority.Fascists worry about disloyalty and sabotage from groups within the nation that don’t share the same race or bloodlines. These “others” are scapegoated, excluded or expelled, sometimes even killed.Fascists believe schools and universities must teach values that extol the dominant race, religion and bloodline. Schools should not teach inconvenient truths (such as America’s history of genocide and racism).4. Extolling brute strength and heroic warriors.“You’ll never take back our country with weakness, you have to show strength and you have to be strong. (Trump, 6 January 2021)“I am your warrior.” (Trump, 2023)The goal of authoritarianism is to gain and maintain state power. For authoritarians, “strength” comes in the form of large armies and munitions.By contrast, the ostensible goal of fascism is to strengthen society. Fascism’s method of accomplishing this is to reward those who win economically and physically and to denigrate or exterminate those who lose.Fascism depends on organized bullying – a form of social Darwinism. For the fascist, war and violence are means of strengthening society by culling the weak and extolling heroic warriors.5. Disdain of women and fear of non-standard gender identities or sexual orientation.“When you’re a star, they let you do it. You can do anything. Grab ’em by the pussy. You can do anything.” (Trump, 2005)“You have to treat ’em like shit.” (Trump, 1992)“[I will] promote positive education about the nuclear family … rather than erasing the things that make men and women different.” (Trump, 2023)Authoritarianism imposes hierarchies. Authoritarians seek order.By contrast, fascism is organized around the particular hierarchy of male dominance. The fascist heroic warrior is male. Women are relegated to subservient roles.In fascism, anything that challenges the traditional heroic male roles of protector, provider and controller of the family is considered a threat to the social order.Fascism seeks to eliminate homosexual, transgender and queer people because they are thought to challenge or weaken the heroic male warrior.These five elements of fascism reinforce each other:Rejection of democracy in favor of a strongman depends on galvanizing popular rage.Popular rage draws on a nationalism based on a supposed superior race or ethnicity.That superior race or ethnicity is justified by social Darwinist strength and violence, as exemplified by heroic warriors.Strength, violence and the heroic warrior are centered on male power.These five elements find exact expression in Donald Trump and the white Christian nationalist movement he is encouraging. This is also the direction that most of the Republican party is now heading.They are not the elements of authoritarianism. They are the essential elements of fascism.America’s mainstream media is by now comfortable talking and writing about Trump’s authoritarianism. In describing what he is seeking to impose on America, the media should be using the term fascism.
Robert Reich, a former US secretary of labor, is professor of public policy at the University of California, Berkeley, and the author of Saving Capitalism: For the Many, Not the Few and The Common Good. His new book, The System: Who Rigged It, How We Fix It, is out now. He is a Guardian US columnist. His newsletter is at robertreich.substack.com More