Authoritarianism (Theory and Philosophy)

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    To Obey Trump or Not to Obey

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    In 1978, my parents went to Poland, the first foreign trip in each of their lives. When they returned to our home in Moscow, my mother couldn’t stop talking about what they’d seen — not a place but a movie, Bob Fosse’s “Cabaret.” One scene in particular stayed with her. Three friends are returning from a weekend trip. Sleep-deprived, hung over and preoccupied with their sexual and romantic entanglements, they pull over at a roadside cafe. There, a teenager wearing a Hitler Youth uniform starts singing. He is both earnest and, in his brown pants tucked into white knee-high socks, puerile. But after a minute, other young people in uniform join in, and soon all but one customer are standing and singing. The protagonists duck out. They have been pushing Nazism out of their minds, but at this moment they realize that they are in the minority, that life as they’ve been living it is over. The song everyone around them is singing is “Tomorrow Belongs to Me.”I was 11 when my mother couldn’t stop talking about “Cabaret,” and I was confused. I thought my parents had gone to an actual cabaret and somehow gained an insight into the nature of the Soviet regime. A few years later, after I’d seen the movie myself, I realized my mother was right: That scene is the single most vivid portrayal of what it feels like to live in a society that is falling in line before a totalitarian leader. I experienced this in real life as an adult, when Vladimir Putin came to power in Russia and my world suddenly felt like a chessboard from which an invisible hand was picking off pieces faster than I had thought was possible.Now, in Donald Trump’s America, I am living through something similar, and it is moving at a faster rate still. For me, it began before the election, when the owners of The Los Angeles Times and The Washington Post decided to pull their papers’ endorsements of Kamala Harris for president. It continued with Mark Zuckerberg remaking Meta to reflect what he called the “cultural tipping point” that was the presidential election; with ABC News handing over millions of dollars in response to one of Trump’s frivolous lawsuits and CBS considering doing the same; and most recently, with the great erasure: of records of trans care for minors provided by hospitals and of diversity-and-inclusion policies at many universities and corporations. Now some universities are quietly retooling their programming in hopes of conforming with expectations that have not yet been clearly laid out.I am talking not about deletions of pages from government websites, such as those of the White House and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, presumably mandated by newly installed officials; I am talking about actions that individual people or private institutions took pre-emptively, with some measure of free will.The Yale historian Timothy Snyder has called this “anticipatory obedience.” In his 2017 book “On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century,” lesson No. 1 was “Do not obey in advance.” Those who anticipate the demands of a repressive government and submit to these demands before they are made, Snyder wrote, are “teaching power what it can do.”Snyder is right, of course, but his admonition makes obeying in advance sound irrational. It is not. In my experience, most of the time, when people or institutions cede power voluntarily, they are acting not so much out of fear but rather on a set of apparently reasonable arguments. These arguments tend to fall into one or more of five categories.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

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      Why I’m Not Giving up on American Democracy

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      In his dank Budapest prison cell in the mid-1950s, my father imagined he heard Dvorak’s “New World” Symphony. Though no one in my family had ever set foot in the actual New World, just knowing it existed brought my father solace during his nearly two-year incarceration.Locked up in Soviet-occupied Hungary’s notorious Fo Street fortress, my father was blessedly still unaware that his wife — my mother, a reporter for United Press International — ­occupied a nearby cell. Nor did he know that his two small children, myself and my older sister, were living with strangers paid to look after them by the American wire services, my parents’ employer. Their crime was reporting on the show trials and jailing of priests, nuns and dissidents that Stalinist satellites of the postwar era used to clamp down on dissent.My parents would find it bitterly disappointing that American conservatives, including Donald Trump, have come to admire their small European homeland, with its habit of choosing the wrong side of history, and even to see it as a role model. Prime Minister Viktor Orban has branded Hungary an “illiberal democracy” as he systematically rolls back hard-won freedoms, reinvents its less than glorious past and cozies up to Russia, Hungary’s former occupying power and my parents’ jailer.I recall a different Orban.On June 1989, I stood with tens of thousands of Hungarians in Budapest’s Heroes’ Square during the reburial of the fallen leaders of the 1956 uprising against the Soviet-controlled government. From the podium, a bearded, skinny youth captured our attention with a fiery speech. “If we are sufficiently determined, we can force the ruling party to face free elections,” he shouted, urging negotiations for the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Hungary. “If we are courageous enough, then and only then, can we fulfill the will of the revolution.” The 26-year-old speaker’s name was Viktor Orban.The events of 1989, when several members of the Eastern Bloc were throwing off the Soviet yoke, were thrilling. Hungary was taking small steps toward democracy, something that I experienced very personally. At my wedding in 1995 in Budapest, my husband, the diplomat Richard Holbrooke, announced in his toast, “In marrying Kati, I also welcome Hungary to the family of democracies.” Hungary’s president, Arpad Goncz, four years into his work to democratize the country, was also present.For a time, Mr. Orban, no longer bearded or skinny, head of the youth party Fidesz, befriended Richard and me. He invited us to dinner and the opera, and we hosted him in our New York apartment at a return dinner. (As it happens, the financier and philanthropist George Soros — whom Mr. Orban has aggressively attacked in recent years — was also present on that occasion.)We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

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      The Long Global Trail of Resentment Behind Trump’s Resurrection

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      As the Cold War wound down almost four decades ago, a top adviser to the reformist Soviet leader, Mikhail S. Gorbachev, warned the West that “we are going to do the most terrible thing to you. We are going to deprive you of an enemy.”In the celebrations of the triumph of Western liberal democracy, of free trade and open societies, few considered how disorienting the end of a binary world of good and evil would be.But when the spread of democracy in newly freed societies looked more like the spread of divisive global capitalism, when social fracture grew and shared truth died, when hope collapsed in the communities technology left behind, a yearning for the certainties of the providential authoritarian leader set in.“In the absence of a shared reality, or shared facts, or a shared threat, reason had no weight beside emotion,” said Nicole Bacharan, a French political scientist. “And so a dislocated world of danger has produced a hunger for the strongman.”A different Russia, briefly imagined as a partner of the West, eventually became an enemy once more. But by the time it invaded Ukraine in 2022, disillusionment with Western liberalism had gone so far that President Vladimir V. Putin’s tirades against the supposed decadence of the West enjoyed wide support among far-right nationalist movements across Europe, in the United States and elsewhere. Western allies stood firm in defense of Ukrainian democracy, but even that commitment is wobbling.The curious resurrection and resounding victory of Donald J. Trump amounted to the apotheosis of a long-gathering revolt against the established order. No warning of the fragility of democracy or freedom, no allusion to 20th-century cataclysm or Mr. Trump’s attraction to dictators, could hold back the tide.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

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      ¿Trump es un fascista? El alcalde de Nueva York esquiva la pregunta

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      Dos días después del evento de Trump en el Madison Square Garden, Eric Adams se notó visiblemente molesto ante las preguntas sobre el expresidente y dijo que había que “bajar la retórica”.El extraño noviazgo político entre el alcalde de Nueva York, Eric Adams, y el expresidente Donald Trump ha dado otro giro extraño.Dos días después de que Trump diera lo que sería su alegato final de campaña en el Madison Square Garden —un mitin que se convirtió en un desfile de insultos, agravios y discursos de odio—, le preguntaron a Adams si quería replantear su postura.¿Seguía manteniendo su afirmación de que Trump no era un fascista?Adams, quien es demócrata, se negó a dar una respuesta directa. Desestimó pregunta tras pregunta, describiéndolas como “humillantes”, “tontas” e “insultantes”.“Con todo lo que le está pasando a los neoyorquinos de a pie, nos estamos haciendo preguntas como si alguien es un fascista o si alguien es Hitler”, dijo el alcalde el martes en su rueda de prensa semanal en el Ayuntamiento. “Eso es insultante para mí y no voy a participar en eso.“Todo el mundo tiene que bajar la retórica porque, después del día de las elecciones, tenemos que seguir siendo los Estados Unidos y no los Estados divididos”.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

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      Harris’s Closing Argument: Turn the Page on Trump, and Avert Chaos

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      On Jan. 6, 2021, President Donald J. Trump stood onstage at the Ellipse, a park just south of the White House, and encouraged thousands of his supporters to fight to overturn an election he falsely claimed had been stolen.“We fight like hell,” Mr. Trump said. “And if you don’t fight like hell, you’re not going to have a country anymore.” Droves of his backers then marched away and attacked the U.S. Capitol.That angry image is exactly the one that Vice President Kamala Harris wants Americans to remember as she steps onstage at the Ellipse on Tuesday evening. There, with the White House in the backdrop behind her, she will deliver what her campaign is calling a closing argument that is meant to persuade still-undecided voters to consider what the future might look like if it holds another Trump term.“We know that there are still a lot of voters out there that are still trying to decide who to support or whether to vote at all,” Jennifer O’Malley Dillon, the campaign’s chair, told reporters on a call Tuesday morning previewing the remarks. She said that Ms. Harris’s speech would be designed to reach a slice of the electorate that may be “exhausted” by the politics of the Trump era.“She’s going to focus on talking about what her new generation of leadership really means,” Ms. O’Malley Dillon said, “and centering that around the American people.”Before leaving Joint Base Andrews for a campaign trip to Michigan on Monday, Ms. Harris offered a preview of sorts when she was asked by reporters to respond to what transpired at a Trump rally held at Madison Square Garden in New York City a day earlier. Over the course of several hours, speakers there targeted Black people, Puerto Ricans, Palestinians, Jews, Ms. Harris and other Democrats.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

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      Kelly’s Comments About Trump, Fascism and Hitler

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      More from our inbox:Election DisinformationA Trump Voter ParadoxHarris Donation RequestsLagging on BiodiversityBreeding PandasJohn Kelly, a former White House chief of staff, in 2018.Doug Mills/The New York TimesTo the Editor:Re “Ex-Chief of Staff Says Trump Would Rule Like Dictator” (news article, Oct. 24):America, please listen to and heed the warnings of John Kelly. This is real, Donald Trump is not bluffing — he will rule like a dictator.Some of the many examples that back this up: Look at how Mr. Trump so viciously treated John McCain and Mark Milley, showing how he has no respect for our military. Look at how Mr. Trump demands absolute loyalty to him.Remember when he stood with Vladimir Putin in Helsinki and believed Mr. Putin over our own intelligence and security services. Recall the articles we have read about Mr. Trump’s advisers continuing to look for ways to expand presidential powers.And perhaps most dangerous of all, look at all the Republicans in Congress who continue to remain silent as Mr. Trump takes even more actions and makes statements that indicate his favoring an authoritarian regime. These Republicans will play a giant role in ushering in such a regime.The writing is on the wall; John Kelly has put it there. Believe him.Howard HermanSkokie, Ill.To the Editor:As a little girl I lived in World War II Nazi-occupied Amsterdam, where I personally witnessed Hitler’s fascist thugs break into people’s homes with the goal of exterminating those whom they deemed inferior: Jews, the disabled, the very old or those with special needs, and those who did not obey the dictator and were killed for daring to listen to a foreign radio broadcast or hiding a Jewish child.I survived and lived a long life because brave young Americans at the end of the war risked their lives to free us from that horrific brutality. I cannot believe that now 80 years later, some of the descendants of those brave young men are willing to elect a man to the presidency who we have been warned by his own generals is a “fascist” who admires Hitler.

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var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-a,1) * 1));–ink-color-secondary-hover-h:0;–ink-color-secondary-hover-s:0%;–ink-color-secondary-hover-l:88.6%;–ink-color-secondary-hover-a:1;–ink-color-secondary-hover:hsla(var(–ink-color-secondary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-l,88.6%) + calc(-5% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-a,1) * 2));–ink-color-secondary-active-h:0;–ink-color-secondary-active-s:0%;–ink-color-secondary-active-l:88.6%;–ink-color-secondary-active-a:1;–ink-color-secondary-active:hsla(var(–ink-color-secondary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-l,88.6%) + calc(-10% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-a,1) * 4));–ink-color-secondary-subdued-h:0;–ink-color-secondary-subdued-s:0%;–ink-color-secondary-subdued-l:88.6%;–ink-color-secondary-subdued-a:1;–ink-color-secondary-subdued:hsla(var(–ink-color-secondary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-l,88.6%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-a,1) * 0.6));–ink-color-secondary-disabled-h:0;–ink-color-secondary-disabled-s:0%;–ink-color-secondary-disabled-l:88.6%;–ink-color-secondary-disabled-a:1;–ink-color-secondary-disabled:hsla(var(–ink-color-secondary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-l,88.6%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-secondary-a,1) * 0.38));–ink-color-success-h:119;–ink-color-success-s:32.3%;–ink-color-success-l:37.1%;–ink-color-success-a:1;–ink-color-success:hsla(var(–ink-color-success-h,119),calc(var(–ink-color-success-s,32.3%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-success-l,37.1%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-success-a,1) * 1));–ink-color-success-hover-h:119;–ink-color-success-hover-s:32.3%;–ink-color-success-hover-l:37.1%;–ink-color-success-hover-a:1;–ink-color-success-hover:hsla(var(–ink-color-success-h,119),calc(var(–ink-color-success-s,32.3%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-success-l,37.1%) + calc(-5% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-success-a,1) * 2));–ink-color-success-active-h:119;–ink-color-success-active-s:32.3%;–ink-color-success-active-l:37.1%;–ink-color-success-active-a:1;–ink-color-success-active:hsla(var(–ink-color-success-h,119),calc(var(–ink-color-success-s,32.3%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-success-l,37.1%) + calc(-10% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-success-a,1) * 4));–ink-color-success-subdued-h:119;–ink-color-success-subdued-s:32.3%;–ink-color-success-subdued-l:37.1%;–ink-color-success-subdued-a:1;–ink-color-success-subdued:hsla(var(–ink-color-success-h,119),calc(var(–ink-color-success-s,32.3%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-success-l,37.1%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-success-a,1) * 0.6));–ink-color-success-disabled-h:119;–ink-color-success-disabled-s:32.3%;–ink-color-success-disabled-l:37.1%;–ink-color-success-disabled-a:1;–ink-color-success-disabled:hsla(var(–ink-color-success-h,119),calc(var(–ink-color-success-s,32.3%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-success-l,37.1%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-success-a,1) * 0.38));–ink-color-critical-h:0;–ink-color-critical-s:75.9%;–ink-color-critical-l:37.5%;–ink-color-critical-a:1;–ink-color-critical:hsla(var(–ink-color-critical-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-s,75.9%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-l,37.5%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-a,1) * 1));–ink-color-critical-hover-h:0;–ink-color-critical-hover-s:75.9%;–ink-color-critical-hover-l:37.5%;–ink-color-critical-hover-a:1;–ink-color-critical-hover:hsla(var(–ink-color-critical-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-s,75.9%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-l,37.5%) + calc(-5% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-a,1) * 2));–ink-color-critical-active-h:0;–ink-color-critical-active-s:75.9%;–ink-color-critical-active-l:37.5%;–ink-color-critical-active-a:1;–ink-color-critical-active:hsla(var(–ink-color-critical-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-s,75.9%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-l,37.5%) + calc(-10% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-a,1) * 4));–ink-color-critical-subdued-h:0;–ink-color-critical-subdued-s:75.9%;–ink-color-critical-subdued-l:37.5%;–ink-color-critical-subdued-a:1;–ink-color-critical-subdued:hsla(var(–ink-color-critical-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-s,75.9%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-l,37.5%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-a,1) * 0.6));–ink-color-critical-disabled-h:0;–ink-color-critical-disabled-s:75.9%;–ink-color-critical-disabled-l:37.5%;–ink-color-critical-disabled-a:1;–ink-color-critical-disabled:hsla(var(–ink-color-critical-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-s,75.9%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-l,37.5%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-critical-a,1) * 0.38));–ink-color-warning-h:40;–ink-color-warning-s:100%;–ink-color-warning-l:50%;–ink-color-warning-a:1;–ink-color-warning:hsla(var(–ink-color-warning-h,40),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-s,100%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-l,50%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-a,1) * 1));–ink-color-warning-hover-h:40;–ink-color-warning-hover-s:100%;–ink-color-warning-hover-l:50%;–ink-color-warning-hover-a:1;–ink-color-warning-hover:hsla(var(–ink-color-warning-h,40),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-s,100%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-l,50%) + calc(-5% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-a,1) * 2));–ink-color-warning-active-h:40;–ink-color-warning-active-s:100%;–ink-color-warning-active-l:50%;–ink-color-warning-active-a:1;–ink-color-warning-active:hsla(var(–ink-color-warning-h,40),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-s,100%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-l,50%) + calc(-10% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-a,1) * 4));–ink-color-warning-subdued-h:40;–ink-color-warning-subdued-s:100%;–ink-color-warning-subdued-l:50%;–ink-color-warning-subdued-a:1;–ink-color-warning-subdued:hsla(var(–ink-color-warning-h,40),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-s,100%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-l,50%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-a,1) * 0.6));–ink-color-warning-disabled-h:40;–ink-color-warning-disabled-s:100%;–ink-color-warning-disabled-l:50%;–ink-color-warning-disabled-a:1;–ink-color-warning-disabled:hsla(var(–ink-color-warning-h,40),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-s,100%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-l,50%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-warning-a,1) * 0.38));–ink-color-border-h:0;–ink-color-border-s:0%;–ink-color-border-l:0%;–ink-color-border-a:0.176;–ink-color-border:hsla(var(–ink-color-border-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-border-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-border-l,0%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-border-a,0.176) * 1));–ink-color-border-hover-h:0;–ink-color-border-hover-s:0%;–ink-color-border-hover-l:0%;–ink-color-border-hover-a:0.176;–ink-color-border-hover:hsla(var(–ink-color-border-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-border-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-border-l,0%) + calc(-5% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-border-a,0.176) * 2));–ink-color-border-active-h:0;–ink-color-border-active-s:0%;–ink-color-border-active-l:0%;–ink-color-border-active-a:0.176;–ink-color-border-active:hsla(var(–ink-color-border-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-border-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-border-l,0%) + calc(-10% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-border-a,0.176) * 4));–ink-color-border-subdued-h:0;–ink-color-border-subdued-s:0%;–ink-color-border-subdued-l:0%;–ink-color-border-subdued-a:0.176;–ink-color-border-subdued:hsla(var(–ink-color-border-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-border-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-border-l,0%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-border-a,0.176) * 0.6));–ink-color-border-disabled-h:0;–ink-color-border-disabled-s:0%;–ink-color-border-disabled-l:0%;–ink-color-border-disabled-a:0.176;–ink-color-border-disabled:hsla(var(–ink-color-border-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-border-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-border-l,0%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-border-a,0.176) * 0.38));–ink-color-rule-h:0;–ink-color-rule-s:0%;–ink-color-rule-l:0%;–ink-color-rule-a:0.118;–ink-color-rule:hsla(var(–ink-color-rule-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-l,0%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-a,0.118) * 1));–ink-color-rule-hover-h:0;–ink-color-rule-hover-s:0%;–ink-color-rule-hover-l:0%;–ink-color-rule-hover-a:0.118;–ink-color-rule-hover:hsla(var(–ink-color-rule-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-l,0%) + calc(-5% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-a,0.118) * 2));–ink-color-rule-active-h:0;–ink-color-rule-active-s:0%;–ink-color-rule-active-l:0%;–ink-color-rule-active-a:0.118;–ink-color-rule-active:hsla(var(–ink-color-rule-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-l,0%) + calc(-10% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-a,0.118) * 4));–ink-color-rule-subdued-h:0;–ink-color-rule-subdued-s:0%;–ink-color-rule-subdued-l:0%;–ink-color-rule-subdued-a:0.118;–ink-color-rule-subdued:hsla(var(–ink-color-rule-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-l,0%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-a,0.118) * 0.6));–ink-color-rule-disabled-h:0;–ink-color-rule-disabled-s:0%;–ink-color-rule-disabled-l:0%;–ink-color-rule-disabled-a:0.118;–ink-color-rule-disabled:hsla(var(–ink-color-rule-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-l,0%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-rule-a,0.118) * 0.38));–ink-color-onPrimary-h:0;–ink-color-onPrimary-s:0%;–ink-color-onPrimary-l:100%;–ink-color-onPrimary-a:1;–ink-color-onPrimary:hsla(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-l,100%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-a,1) * 1));–ink-color-onPrimary-hover-h:0;–ink-color-onPrimary-hover-s:0%;–ink-color-onPrimary-hover-l:100%;–ink-color-onPrimary-hover-a:1;–ink-color-onPrimary-hover:hsla(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-l,100%) + calc(-5% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-a,1) * 2));–ink-color-onPrimary-active-h:0;–ink-color-onPrimary-active-s:0%;–ink-color-onPrimary-active-l:100%;–ink-color-onPrimary-active-a:1;–ink-color-onPrimary-active:hsla(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-l,100%) + calc(-10% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-a,1) * 4));–ink-color-onPrimary-subdued-h:0;–ink-color-onPrimary-subdued-s:0%;–ink-color-onPrimary-subdued-l:100%;–ink-color-onPrimary-subdued-a:1;–ink-color-onPrimary-subdued:hsla(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-l,100%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-a,1) * 0.6));–ink-color-onPrimary-disabled-h:0;–ink-color-onPrimary-disabled-s:0%;–ink-color-onPrimary-disabled-l:100%;–ink-color-onPrimary-disabled-a:1;–ink-color-onPrimary-disabled:hsla(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-l,100%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onPrimary-a,1) * 0.38));–ink-color-onSecondary-h:0;–ink-color-onSecondary-s:0%;–ink-color-onSecondary-l:0%;–ink-color-onSecondary-a:1;–ink-color-onSecondary:hsla(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-l,0%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-a,1) * 1));–ink-color-onSecondary-hover-h:0;–ink-color-onSecondary-hover-s:0%;–ink-color-onSecondary-hover-l:0%;–ink-color-onSecondary-hover-a:1;–ink-color-onSecondary-hover:hsla(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-l,0%) + calc(-5% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-a,1) * 2));–ink-color-onSecondary-active-h:0;–ink-color-onSecondary-active-s:0%;–ink-color-onSecondary-active-l:0%;–ink-color-onSecondary-active-a:1;–ink-color-onSecondary-active:hsla(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-l,0%) + calc(-10% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-a,1) * 4));–ink-color-onSecondary-subdued-h:0;–ink-color-onSecondary-subdued-s:0%;–ink-color-onSecondary-subdued-l:0%;–ink-color-onSecondary-subdued-a:1;–ink-color-onSecondary-subdued:hsla(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-l,0%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-a,1) * 0.6));–ink-color-onSecondary-disabled-h:0;–ink-color-onSecondary-disabled-s:0%;–ink-color-onSecondary-disabled-l:0%;–ink-color-onSecondary-disabled-a:1;–ink-color-onSecondary-disabled:hsla(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-l,0%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onSecondary-a,1) * 0.38));–ink-color-onSuccess-h:0;–ink-color-onSuccess-s:0%;–ink-color-onSuccess-l:100%;–ink-color-onSuccess-a:1;–ink-color-onSuccess:hsla(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-l,100%) + calc(0% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-a,1) * 1));–ink-color-onSuccess-hover-h:0;–ink-color-onSuccess-hover-s:0%;–ink-color-onSuccess-hover-l:100%;–ink-color-onSuccess-hover-a:1;–ink-color-onSuccess-hover:hsla(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-l,100%) + calc(-5% * var(–ink-theme-lightness,1))),calc(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-a,1) * 2));–ink-color-onSuccess-active-h:0;–ink-color-onSuccess-active-s:0%;–ink-color-onSuccess-active-l:100%;–ink-color-onSuccess-active-a:1;–ink-color-onSuccess-active:hsla(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-h,0),calc(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-s,0%) + 0%),calc(var(–ink-color-onSuccess-l,100%) + calc(-10% * 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      in Elections

      John Kelly advierte que Trump gobernaría como un dictador

      by

      El ex jefe de gabinete que estuvo más tiempo en la Casa Blanca de Donald Trump, dijo que creía que el candidato republicano se ajusta a la definición de un fascista.Pocos altos funcionarios pasaron más tiempo a puerta cerrada en la Casa Blanca con el presidente Donald Trump que John Kelly, el general retirado del Cuerpo de Marines que fue su jefe de gabinete durante más tiempo.Con el día de las elecciones cerca, Kelly —muy molesto por los comentarios recientes de Trump sobre el uso del ejército contra sus oponentes nacionales— accedió a mantener tres conversaciones grabadas con un periodista de The New York Times sobre el expresidente, en las que hizo algunos de sus comentarios más amplios hasta la fecha sobre la idoneidad y el carácter de Trump.Kelly fue secretario de Seguridad Nacional bajo el mandato de Trump antes de trasladarse a la Casa Blanca en julio de 2017. Trabajó para cumplir la agenda de Trump durante casi un año y medio. Fue un periodo tumultuoso en el que recibió críticas internas debido a su propio desempeño y se sintió desencantado y angustiado por la conducta del presidente, que en ocasiones consideró que era inapropiada y que reflejaba que no comprendía la Constitución.En las entrevistas, Kelly habló de las preocupaciones que ha expresado anteriormente y subrayó que, en su opinión, los votantes deberían tener en cuenta la aptitud y el carácter a la hora de elegir a un presidente, incluso más que las posturas de un candidato sobre los diferentes temas.“En muchos casos, estaría de acuerdo con algunas de sus políticas”, dijo, haciendo hincapié en que, como exmilitar, no respaldaba oficialmente a ningún candidato. “Pero, insisto, es muy peligroso que se elija a la persona equivocada para un alto cargo”.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More