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      Bolsonaro supera los pronósticos y va a segunda vuelta con Lula

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      Dos titanes políticos se enfrentarán a finales de este mes en unas elecciones que se consideran una prueba importante para una de las mayores democracias del mundo.RÍO DE JANEIRO —Durante meses, encuestadores y analistas habían dicho que el presidente Jair Bolsonaro estaba destinado al fracaso. Se enfrentaba a una desventaja amplia e inquebrantable en la contienda presidencial de Brasil, y en las últimas semanas, las encuestas habían sugerido que incluso podría perder en la primera ronda, con lo que habría concluido su presidencia después de solo un mandato.En cambio, era Bolsonaro quien estaba celebrando. Aunque el contendiente, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, un expresidente de izquierda, terminó la noche con más votos, Bolsonaro superó con creces los pronósticos y envió la contienda a una segunda vuelta.Da Silva recibió el 48,4 por ciento de los votos el domingo, frente al 43,23 por ciento de Bolsonaro, con el 99,87 por ciento de los votos contados, según la agencia electoral de Brasil. Da Silva necesitaba superar el 50 por ciento para ser elegido presidente en la primera vuelta.Se enfrentarán el 30 de octubre en la que se considera la votación más importante en décadas para el país más grande de América Latina.Esto se debe en parte a las visiones dramáticamente distintas que los dos candidatos plantean para este país de 217 millones de habitantes, y también a que Brasil enfrenta una serie de desafíos en los años por venir, entre ellos las amenazas ambientales, el aumento del hambre, una economía inestable y una población profundamente polarizada.El expresidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva da un mensaje tras el anuncio de los resultados electorales el domingo. Da Silva y el presidente Jair Bolsonaro se enfrentarán en una segunda vuelta a finales de este mes.Victor Moriyama para The New York TimesPero la elección también ha llamado la atención en Brasil y en el extranjero porque ha supuesto una gran prueba para una de las mayores democracias del mundo. Bolsonaro ha criticado las máquinas de votar del país, ha dicho que están plagadas de fraude —a pesar de que no haya pruebas de ello— y había insinuado que la única forma en la que perdería era si la elección resultaba amañada.Bolsonaro le dijo a los periodistas el domingo por la noche que había “superado las mentiras” de las encuestas y que sentía que ahora tenía una ventaja en la segunda vuelta. Incluso con los resultados favorables, también sugirió que podría haber habido fraude y advirtió que esperaría a que los militares verificaran los resultados.“Nuestro sistema no está blindado al 100 por ciento”, dijo. “Siempre existe la posibilidad de que suceda algo anormal en un sistema completamente computarizado”.Durante meses, Bolsonaro había dicho que las encuestas estaban subestimando su apoyo y como evidencia apuntaba a sus enormes mítines. Sin embargo, todas las encuestas confiables lo mostraban en desventaja. El domingo quedó claro que tenía razón. Con la mayoría de los votos contados, se desempeñó mejor en los 27 estados de Brasil de lo que Ipec, una de las encuestadoras más prestigiosas de Brasil, había pronosticado un día antes de las elecciones, al exceder las proyecciones por al menos ocho puntos porcentuales en 10 estados.Parece que los encuestadores estimaron mal la fuerza de los candidatos conservadores en todo el país. Los gobernadores y legisladores respaldados por Bolsonaro también superaron las expectativas de las encuestas y ganaron muchas de sus contiendas el domingo.Cláudio Castro, gobernador del estado de Río de Janeiro, fue reelecto de forma contundente, con el 58 por ciento de los votos, 11 puntos porcentuales por encima de lo previsto por el Ipec. Al menos siete exministros de Bolsonaro también fueron elegidos para el Congreso, entre ellos su exministro de Medioambiente, quien supervisó la deforestación vertiginosa en la Amazonía, y su exministro de Salud, quien fue criticado de manera generalizada por la demora de Brasil al comprar vacunas durante la pandemia.Antonio Lavareda, el presidente de Ipespe, otra gran encuestadora, defendió la investigación de su empresa al indicar que había predicho que Da Silva terminaría con 49 por ciento, frente al 48 por ciento que obtuvo.Sin embargo, Ipespe también anticipaba que Bolsonaro recibiría el 35 por ciento del voto, más de 8 puntos porcentuales abajo del apoyo que en realidad recibió. El margen de error de la encuesta era de 3 puntos porcentuales. (Dicha tendencia se notó en todas las encuestas: fueron casi exactas en lo referente al apoyo a Da Silva, pero muy desacertadas sobre Bolsonaro).Lavareda especuló que muchos votantes que dijeron que votarían por candidatos menos populares al final se inclinaron por Bolsonaro, o que habían mentido en las encuestas.Afuera de la casa de Bolsonaro, en un barrio acomodado junto a la playa en Río de Janeiro, sus seguidores se reunieron para celebrar, bailar y beber cerveza. Muchos llevaban la camiseta verde amarela de la selección nacional de fútbol de Brasil, que se ha convertido en una especie de uniforme para muchos de los seguidores de Bolsonaro. (El presidente usó una para votar, sobre lo que parecía ser un chaleco antibalas o un chaleco protector).“Esperábamos que tuviera una ventaja del 70 por ciento” de los votos, dijo Silvana Maria Lenzir, de 65 años, una mujer jubilada que llevaba calcomanías del rostro de Bolsonaro que cubrían su pecho. “Las encuestas no reflejan la realidad”.El presidente Jair Bolsonaro en un mitin en Campinas, estado de Sao Paulo, el mes pasadoVictor Moriyama para The New York TimesAún así, durante las próximas cuatro semanas, Bolsonaro tendrá que recuperar terreno frente a Da Silva, quien obtuvo más votos el domingo. El presidente de derecha está tratando de evitar convertirse en el primer presidente en funciones que pierde la reelección desde el inicio de la democracia moderna en Brasil, en 1988.Al mismo tiempo, Da Silva intenta completar un sorprendente resurgimiento político que hace años parecía impensable.Aunque terminó la noche como el candidato más votado, el discurso que pronunció ante sus seguidores tomó un tono sombrío. Pero dijo que agradecía la oportunidad de debatir ahora con Bolsonaro frente a frente.“Podemos comparar el Brasil que él construyó y el Brasil que construimos nosotros”, dijo. “Mañana comienza la campaña”.Antiguo obrero metalúrgico y líder sindical que estudió hasta quinto grado, Da Silva dirigió Brasil durante su auge en la primera década del siglo. Luego fue condenado por cargos de corrupción después de dejar el cargo y pasó 580 días en prisión. El año pasado, el Supremo Tribunal Federal anuló esas condenas, al dictaminar que el juez de sus casos era parcial, y los votantes apoyaron al hombre conocido simplemente como Lula.Los dos hombres son los políticos más prominentes —y polarizantes— del país. La izquierda brasileña ve a Bolsonaro como una amenaza peligrosa para la democracia del país y su posición en la escena mundial, mientras que los conservadores del país ven a Da Silva como un exconvicto que fue parte central de un vasto esquema de corrupción que ayudó a corromper las instituciones de Brasil.Da Silva, de 76 años, propone a los votantes un plan para aumentar los impuestos a los ricos a fin de ampliar los servicios para los pobres, incluido un aumento al salario mínimo y alimento y vivienda para más personas.Simpatizantes del Partido de los Trabajadores de Da Silva reaccionando a los resultados electorales en Brasilia, el domingo.Dado Galdieri para The New York TimesDa Silva ha hecho su campaña con promesas amplias para un futuro mejor, que incluye el compromiso de que los brasileños disfruten de tres comidas al día. Sus mítines se han apoyado mucho en su imagen de hombre común, con bastantes referencias a la cerveza, la cachaza y la picaña, el corte de carne más famoso de Brasil.Bolsonaro, de 67 años, ha basado su campaña en proteger las tradiciones conservadoras de Brasil de lo que califica como amenazas de las élites de izquierda. Su lema de campaña fue “Dios, familia, patria y libertad”, y prometió luchar contra cosas como la legalización de las drogas, el aborto legalizado, los derechos de las personas transgénero y las restricciones a la libertad de religión y de expresión.Además, Bolsonaro quiere aumentar aún más el acceso a las armas de fuego, repitiendo en su discurso de campaña que “las personas armadas nunca serán esclavizadas”. Uno de sus principales logros durante su primer mandato fue el aumento vertiginoso de la posesión de armas.Para enfrentar la amplia brecha que mostraban las encuestas, Bolsonaro amplió recientemente los programas de bienestar social para las familias pobres y se comprometió a continuar con esas políticas durante su segundo mandato.Bolsonaro también ha dicho que quiere vender la compañía petrolera estatal de Brasil, facilitar la explotación minera en la selva amazónica y seguir reduciendo las regulaciones de la industria. Muchas empresas han acogido con agrado el enfoque de libre mercado de Bolsonaro, pero ha provocado un aumento de la destrucción medioambiental.Simpatizantes del presidente Jair Bolsonaro festejando en Brasilia, el domingo.Dado Galdieri para The New York TimesLa elección podría tener importantes consecuencias para la mayor selva tropical del mundo. Aunque Bolsonaro ha dicho que tomará medidas enérgicas contra las violaciones al medio ambiente, ha recortado los fondos y el personal de los organismos encargados de hacer cumplir las leyes medioambientales, al tiempo que ha puesto en duda las estadísticas que muestran la destrucción de la selva durante su primer mandato.Da Silva hizo campaña con la promesa de erradicar la minería y la tala ilegales, y dijo que presionaría a los agricultores para que utilizaran las zonas de la selva que ya habían sido taladas.La elección de Da Silva ampliaría una serie de victorias de la izquierda en toda América Latina, alimentada por una ola de reacción contra los gobernantes en el poder. Si es elegido, seis de los siete países más grandes de la región habrán escogido líderes de izquierda desde 2018.El primer mandato de Bolsonaro ha estado marcado por la agitación, incluidos enfrentamientos con los tribunales, escándalos de corrupción y una pandemia que mató a más personas que en cualquier otro lugar, excepto Estados Unidos. Pero lo que ha alarmado a muchos brasileños y a la comunidad internacional han sido sus insinuaciones de que no abandonará el poder si no gana.El año pasado, Bolsonaro dijo a sus partidarios que había tres resultados en las elecciones: gana, lo matan o lo arrestan. Luego añadió: “Díganle a los bastardos que nunca seré apresado”.Bolsonaro lleva años poniendo en duda la seguridad del sistema de votación electrónica de Brasil, a pesar de que no ha habido pruebas de un fraude generalizado en el sistema desde que Brasil empezó a usarlo a finales de los años noventa.Cuatro días antes de la votación del domingo, su partido político publicó un documento de dos páginas en el que afirmaba, sin pruebas, que algunos trabajadores y contratistas del gobierno tenían el “poder absoluto de manipular los resultados electorales sin dejar huella”. Los funcionarios electorales respondieron que las afirmaciones “son falsas y deshonestas” y “un claro intento de obstaculizar y trastocar” las elecciones.Un día después, en el debate final antes de la votación del domingo, se le preguntó a Bolsonaro si aceptaría los resultados de las elecciones. No respondió.Inspección, prueba y sellado de máquinas de votación electrónicas en São Paulo, el mes pasado.Victor Moriyama para The New York TimesFlávia Milhorance More

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      Bolsonaro Outperforms Polls and Forces Runoff Against Lula in Brazil’s Presidential Election

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      The two political titans will face off again later this month in a race widely seen as a major test for one of the world’s largest democracies.RIO DE JANEIRO — For months, pollsters and analysts had said that President Jair Bolsonaro was doomed. He faced a wide and unwavering deficit in Brazil’s high-stakes presidential race, and in recent weeks, the polls had suggested he could even lose in the first round, ending his presidency after just one term.Instead, it was Mr. Bolsonaro who was celebrating. While the challenger, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a former leftist president, finished the night ahead, Mr. Bolsonaro far outperformed forecasts and sent the race to a runoff.Mr. da Silva received 48.4 percent of the votes, and Mr. Bolsonaro 43.23 percent, with 99.87 percent of the ballots counted, according to Brazil’s elections agency. Mr. da Silva needed to exceed 50 percent to be elected president in the first round.They will face off on Oct. 30 in what is widely regarded as the most important vote in decades for Latin America’s largest nation.That is partly because of the starkly different visions the two men set forth for this country of 217 million people, and partly because Brazil faces a host of challenges, including environmental threats, rising hunger, a sputtering economy and a deeply polarized population.The former president, Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, speaking after election results were announced on Sunday. Mr. da Silva and President Jair Bolsonaro will face each other in a runoff later this month.Victor Moriyama for The New York TimesBut the election will also be widely watched in Brazil and abroad because it is seen as a major test for one of the world’s largest democracies. For months, Mr. Bolsonaro has criticized the nation’s electronic voting machines as rife with fraud — without any evidence — and has suggested that the only way he would lose is if the election is rigged.Mr. Bolsonaro told reporters late Sunday that he “overcame the lies” in the polls and that he felt he now had an advantage in the second round. Even with the positive results, he also suggested there could have been fraud, saying he would wait for the military to check the results. “Our system is not 100 percent ironclad,” he said. “There’s always the possibility of something abnormal happening in a fully computerized system.”Mr. Bolsonaro had claimed for months that the polls were underestimating his support, using his enormous rallies as evidence. Yet, virtually every poll showed him behind. On Sunday, it was clear that he was right. He performed better in all of Brazil’s 27 states than what Ipec, one of Brazil’s biggest polling firms, had predicted a day before the election, exceeding the projections by at least 8 percentage points in 10 states.Pollsters appeared to misjudge the strength of conservative candidates across the country. Governors and lawmakers supported by Mr. Bolsonaro also outperformed polls, winning many of their races on Sunday.Cláudio Castro, the right-wing governor of Rio de Janeiro state, was re-elected in a landslide, with 58 percent of votes, 11 percentage points more than Ipec’s projection. At least seven of Mr. Bolsonaro’s former ministers were also elected to Congress, including his former environment minister, who oversaw skyrocketing deforestation in the Amazon, and his former health minister, who was widely criticized for Brazil’s delay in buying vaccines during the pandemic.Antonio Lavareda, the president of Ipespe, another top polling company, defended his firm’s research, pointing out that it had predicted Mr. da Silva would finish with 49 percent, versus the 48 percent he received. Yet Ipespe also predicted Mr. Bolsonaro would receive 35 percent of the vote, more than 8 percentage points below his actual support. The poll’s margin of error was 3 percentage points. (That trend played out across the polls; they were nearly accurate on Mr. da Silva’s support, but far off on Mr. Bolsonaro’s.)Mr. Lavareda speculated that many voters who had said they would vote for less popular candidates had switched to Mr. Bolsonaro — or that they had lied to the pollsters.Outside Mr. Bolsonaro’s home in a rich, beachside neighborhood in Rio de Janeiro, his supporters gathered to celebrate, dancing and drinking out of plastic cups of beer. Many were wearing the bright yellow jerseys of Brazil’s national soccer team, which has become a sort of uniform for many of Mr. Bolsonaro’s supporters. (The president wore one to vote, over what appeared to be a flak jacket or protective vest.)“We expected he would have an advantage of 70 percent” of the votes, said Silvana Maria Lenzir, 65, a retiree with stickers of Mr. Bolsonaro’s face covering her chest. “Polls do not reflect reality.”President Jair Bolsonaro at a rally in Campinas, São Paulo state, last month.Victor Moriyama for The New York TimesStill, over the next four weeks, Mr. Bolsonaro will have to make up ground on Mr. da Silva, who held the top spot on Sunday. The right-wing president is trying to avoid becoming the first incumbent to lose his re-election bid since the start of Brazil’s modern democracy in 1988.At the same time, Mr. da Silva is trying to complete a stunning political revival that years ago had seemed unthinkable.While Mr. da Silva ended the night as the front-runner, his speech to supporters took on a somber tone. But he said he welcomed the chance to now debate Mr. Bolsonaro one-on-one.“We can compare the Brazil he built and the Brazil we built,” he said. “Tomorrow the campaign starts.”A former metalworker and union leader with a fifth-grade education, Mr. da Silva led Brazil during its boom in the first decade of the century. He was then convicted on corruption charges after he left office and spent 580 days in prison. Last year, the Supreme Court threw out those charges, ruling the judge in his cases was biased, and voters have since rallied behind the man known simply as Lula.The two men are the country’s most prominent — and polarizing — politicians. The left in Brazil views Mr. Bolsonaro as a dangerous threat to the nation’s democracy and its standing on the world stage, while the country’s conservatives see Mr. da Silva as an ex-convict who was a central part of a vast corruption scheme that helped rot Brazil’s institutions. Mr. da Silva, 76, is pitching voters on a plan to raise taxes on the rich to expand services for the poor, including widening the social safety net, increasing the minimum wage and feeding and housing more people.Supporters of Mr. da Silva’s Workers’ Party reacting to election results in Brasília, on Sunday.Dado Galdieri for The New York TimesMr. da Silva has built his campaign around broad promises for a better future, including a pledge that all Brazilians should be able to enjoy three meals a day. His rallies have also heavily leaned on his Everyman image, with plenty of references to beer, cachaça and picanha, Brazil’s most famous cut of meat.Mr. Bolsonaro, 67, has made his campaign about protecting Brazil’s conservative traditions from what he says are threats from leftist elites. He has made his campaign slogan “God, family, homeland and liberty,” and he has vowed to fight against things like legalized drugs, legalized abortion, transgender rights and restrictions on freedom of religion and free speech. Mr. Bolsonaro wants to further increase access to firearms, repeating in his stump speech that “armed people will never be enslaved.” One of his main accomplishments during his first term was soaring gun ownership.Facing a wide gap in polls, Mr. Bolsonaro recently expanded social welfare for poor families, and he has pledged to continue those policies during his second term.Mr. Bolsonaro has also said he wants to sell Brazil’s state-owned oil company, make it easier to mine in the Amazon rainforest and continue to reduce regulations on industry. Many businesses have welcomed Mr. Bolsonaro’s free-market approach, but it has led to soaring environmental destruction.Supporters of President Jair Bolsonaro cheering in Brasília, on Sunday.Dado Galdieri for The New York TimesThe election could be consequential for the world’s largest rainforest. While Mr. Bolsonaro has said he would crack down on environmental violations, he has cut funding and staffing for the agencies tasked with enforcing environmental laws, while casting doubt on statistics that show the destruction of the forest during his first term.Mr. da Silva campaigned on a promise to eradicate illegal mining and logging, and said he would push farmers to use areas of the forest that had already been cleared.Mr. da Silva’s election would extend a string of leftist victories across Latin America, fueled by a wave of anti-incumbent backlash. If elected, six of the region’s seven largest countries will have chosen leftist leaders since 2018.Mr. Bolsonaro’s first term has been marked by turmoil, including clashes with the courts, corruption scandals and a pandemic that killed more people than anywhere other than the United States. But it has been his suggestions that he won’t relinquish power if he is voted that has alarmed many Brazilians and the international community.Last year, Mr. Bolsonaro told his supporters there were three outcomes to the election: He wins, he is killed or he is arrested. He then added, “Tell the bastards I’ll never be arrested.”Mr. Bolsonaro has questioned Brazil’s electronic voting machines for years, despite the fact that there has been no evidence of widespread fraud in the system since Brazil began using it in the late 1990s.Four days before Sunday’s vote, his political party released a two-page document that claimed, without evidence, that some government employees and contractors had the “absolute power to manipulate election results without leaving a trace.” Election officials called those claims “false and dishonest” and “a clear attempt to hinder and disrupt” the election.A day later, at the final debate before Sunday’s vote, Mr. Bolsonaro was asked directly if he would accept the election’s results. He did not answer.Inspecting, testing and sealing electronic voting machines in São Paulo, last month.Victor Moriyama for The New York TimesFlávia Milhorance More

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      Your Monday Briefing: Indonesia’s Stadium Tragedy

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      Plus Brazil votes in national elections and China wrestles with Covid fatigue.Soccer fans carried an injured man away from the stadium.Yudha Prabowo/Associated PressAn Indonesian stadium tragedyAt least 125 people died when soccer fans rushed the field after a professional soccer match in Malang, Indonesia, on Saturday. Many were trampled.The police fired tear gas into the tightly packed crowds, leading to a stampede. Survivors said that the gas was fired indiscriminately into the stands, forcing the overcapacity crowd to rush for the exits. Many are angry at the police response, which observers said had made the situation worse.“If there wasn’t any tear gas shot into the stands, there would have not been any casualties,” one man said, adding that people had “panicked” and rushed to the field to save themselves. When he tries to sleep, he said, he still hears people screaming.Reaction: Rights organizations condemned the use of tear gas, which is prohibited by FIFA, soccer’s global governing body. One policing expert said that using tear gas, which is designed to disperse crowds, in secure areas where people have nowhere to go is “incredibly, incredibly dangerous.”Analysis: The combination of large crowds and aggressive policing can prove disastrous, writes Rory Smith, my colleague who covers soccer, in an analysis. When tragedies occur, he writes, “they tend to be the consequence not of fan violence but of failures of policing, security and crowd management.”Background: Soccer violence has long been a problem for Indonesia, where violent rivalries between major teams are common. Worldwide, Saturday’s match was among the deadliest episodes in the history of the sport. After a decade of overlapping crises, Brazilians lined up to cast votes yesterday. Dado Galdieri for The New York TimesBrazil votes in national electionsBrazilians cast votes yesterday in the country’s most consequential election in decades. Here are live updates.Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a former leftist president once imprisoned amid a corruption scandal, is seeking to oust Jair Bolsonaro, the far-right populist president who has questioned the election’s integrity and has long trailed in the polls. (It’s basically a two-man race, although nine other people are on the ballot.) The State of the WarAnnexation Push: After Moscow’s proxies conducted a series of sham referendums in the Ukrainian regions of Zaporizhzhia, Kherson, Luhansk and Donetsk, President Vladimir V. Putin declared the four territories to be part of Russia. Western leaders, including President Biden in the United States, denounced the annexation as illegal.Retreat From Key City: Russian forces withdrew from the strategically important city of Lyman, in Donetsk Province, on Oct. 1. The retreat was a significant setback for Moscow, coming just a day after Mr. Putin declared the region to be Russian territory.U.S. Military Aid: The Pentagon seems to be preparing to overhaul how the United States and its allies train and equip the Ukrainian military, reflecting what officials say is the Biden administration’s long-term commitment to supporting Ukraine in the war.Russia’s Draft: The Kremlin has acknowledged that its new military draft is rife with problems, as protests have erupted across Russia, recruitment centers have been attacked and thousands of men have left the country.The next president will face an economic crisis, surging Amazon deforestation and lingering questions over the health of one of the world’s biggest democracies. An alarming question now hangs over the vote: Will Bolsonaro accept the results?Context: Bolsonaro has been casting doubt on the security of Brazil’s electronic voting system for months. On the eve of the election, his party did so again. He has, in effect, said that the only way he would lose is if the election were stolen from him.Climate: The future of the Amazon rainforest may be at stake. Deforestation of the world’s largest rainforest has hit 15-year highs under Bolsonaro, who has weakened environmental protections and wants the rainforest opened up to mining, ranching and agriculture.Pakistani farmers tried to salvage what is left from a cotton field.Kiana Hayeri for The New York TimesPakistan’s floods worsen debtsPakistan’s recent, record-shattering floods have submerged its fields and its small farmers deeper into debt with their landlords.Many are in sharecropping arrangements and already owed hundreds or thousands of dollars. Landlords offer farmers loans to buy seeds and fertilizer each planting season. In exchange, farmers cultivate their fields and earn a small cut of the harvest, a portion of which goes toward repaying the loan.Now, their summer harvests are in ruins. Unless the water recedes, they will not be able to plant the wheat they harvest each spring. Even if they can, the land is certain to produce less after being damaged by the floodwaters.Details: One 14-year-old recently waded through waist-deep water filled with snakes to pick cotton. “It was our only source of livelihood,” she said. In the hardest-hit regions, where the floods drowned villages, authorities warn that the waters may not fully recede for months.Analysis: As extreme weather events become increasingly common, the cycle is worsening. Pakistan’s floods were especially cataclysmic because of a combination of heavy glacier melt and record monsoon rains, which scientists say were both intensified by climate change.THE LATEST NEWSAsia PacificLiu Jingyao filed a civil suit against Richard Liu. Lawyers said the parties had agreed to “set aside their differences” in order to avoid further pain and suffering. Caroline Yang for The New York TimesRichard Liu, a Chinese billionaire, reached a settlement with Liu Jingyao, a former University of Minnesota student who had accused him of rape. The case has been seen as a landmark in China’s struggling #MeToo movement.North Korea launched two ballistic missiles into the ocean on Saturday, the country’s fourth test since Sunday of last week.Thailand’s Constitutional Court ruled on Friday that Prayuth Chan-ocha, the prime minister who took control in a 2014 coup, can stay in power. The decision is expected to revive the pro-democracy protests that rocked Bangkok in 2020.A suicide attack in Kabul on Friday killed at least 19 people, mostly young female students. The U.S. and 14 Pacific Island nations signed a broad partnership agreement last week designed to counter China.The War in UkraineHere are live updates.Russian forces retreated from Lyman, a key Ukrainian city, one day after Vladimir Putin illegally declared control of the Donbas region. The loss further imperils the Kremlin’s grip on Donbas.Pope Francis appealed yesterday to Putin and Volodymyr Zelensky, Ukraine’s president, to end the war.Ukraine applied to join NATO. Yesterday, nine European leaders expressed support for the bid, which is likely to face hurdles.Each day, about 10,000 Russian men are trying to cross into Georgia to flee draft orders. “I do not support the war, and I do not want to go kill Ukrainians,” one said.World NewsDamage from Hurricane Ian in Florida.Hilary Swift for The New York TimesThe death toll in Florida from Hurricane Ian grew to about 80. Burkina Faso has weathered its second coup in ten months. Yesterday, the army officer who seized power in January conceded that he too had been ousted by mutinying soldiers.Uganda is racing to control a deadly Ebola outbreak.Venezuela and Iran released American prisoners over the weekend.What Else Is HappeningIran’s long economic decline is fueling a widespread protest movement, which continues despite heavy crackdowns.Nick Kyrgios, the Australian tennis star, is set to face a charge of assaulting a former girlfriend.“Saturday Night Live” kicked off its new season. Eight veteran cast members have left the show this year.A Morning ReadA line at a Covid testing site in Beijing in June.Kevin Frayer/Getty ImagesMy colleague Vivian Wang, a Times correspondent in China, described the grinding reality of life under Covid. People schedule lunch breaks around completing mandatory tests and buy second freezers to stock up on groceries for future lockdowns.“The disruptive becomes typical; the once-unimaginable, reality,” she writes.ARTS AND IDEASAsia beckons againSeveral Asian destinations are loosening their Covid restrictions on international travel. Our Travel desk looked at how four destinations were preparing for the return of tourism.Kyoto, one of Japan’s most-visited cities, wants to bring back tourists but avoid Instagram-driven excesses. (“Kyoto isn’t a tourist city, it’s a city that values tourism,” the mayor said.) Koh Tao, a Thai island, is trying to balance tourism with an environmental focus. On the edge of Delhi, a contemporary art scene and a burgeoning cosmopolitan class are taking shape. And rural South Korea offers serene, unhurried nature.The Travel desk also asked five photographers who live in Asia to share their favorite foods from India, Thailand, Singapore, Japan and South Korea. And they offer advice on budget travel, translation apps and some great new hotels.PLAY, WATCH, EATWhat to CookChris Simpson for The New York TimesMini bibingkas — Filipino coconut cakes — are fluffy and perfect for sharing, Ligaya Mishan writes.What to ReadRead your way through Rome.What to WatchIn “Bros,” a gay romantic comedy, a man who has sworn off relationships finds himself falling in love.Now Time to PlayPlay the Mini Crossword, and a clue: In the know (five letters).Here are the Wordle and the Spelling Bee.You can find all our puzzles here.That’s it for today’s briefing. See you next time. — AmeliaP.S. I am now officially the lead writer of this newsletter! If you have feedback or suggestions, I’d welcome them. Please write to me: amelia.nierenberg@nytimes.com.The latest episode of “The Daily” is on Hurricane Ian.You can reach Amelia and the team at briefing@nytimes.com. More

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      Brazilians Vote for Their Next President

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      Victor Moriyama for The New York TimesLula, who is universally known by that name alone, has built his pitch around raising taxes on the rich to expand services for the poor. Bolsonaro has campaigned on protecting conservative values, under the slogan “God, family, homeland and liberty.” More

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      A choice between two heavyweights

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      Brazil votes for president today. Jack Nicas, the bureau chief there, explains what’s at stake.Brazilians are voting for president today in an election between two political heavyweights: Jair Bolsonaro, the far-right incumbent, and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, a leftist former president. To help you understand the election, I spoke to Jack Nicas, The Times’s Brazil bureau chief, who lives in Rio de Janeiro.Claire Moses: Hi Jack. This is quite an election.Jack Nicas: It is. We reporters often say any given election is a big deal — but everyone here seems to agree that this one really is Brazil’s biggest vote in decades. Bolsonaro and Lula are perhaps the most prominent names in the modern history of Brazilian politics, and they come with a lot of baggage. They’re either loved or hated. People aren’t usually in-between on either.Bolsonaro is a right-wing populist who has divided the country. He has fervent supporters on the right, and the left just abhors him and wants him out. Lula led Brazil during a time of tremendous growth, but then he served time in prison on corruption charges, which were later thrown out. He’s been leading in the polls.Is it mostly political junkies who are obsessed with the election — or ordinary people, too?It’s everyone. People are wearing their political colors visibly. If you see people wearing yellow and green, the colors of the Brazilian flag, you can probably bet that they’re Bolsonaro supporters. On the other side, people are wearing red, the color of the left-wing Workers’ Party, which is Lula’s party. People are eager to show off their political leanings and happy to debate them. The campaign is kind of in-your-face that way.Beach towels are another example. You see vendors selling these towels with enormous prints of Lula’s or Bolsonaro’s face. Some of the vendors keep track of sales and post them on a sign — a sort of informal presidential poll.There have been huge rallies across the country. Just down the street from me here in the Copacabana neighborhood, thousands of people gathered last month to celebrate Brazil’s 200 years of independence. In name it was a national celebration, but in practice it was a political rally for Bolsonaro. To avoid confrontations, Lula asked his supporters to attend a different rally on another day.Towels for sale with the candidates’ faces.Ernesto Benavides/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesThe fact that people wear the national colors to support Bolsonaro makes me wonder about soccer jerseys. Will people still wear the iconic jerseys of Brazil’s national team even if they don’t support Bolsonaro?The national team has been the pride of Brazil for so long. But now its jersey is also a symbol of Bolsonaro supporters. How will Brazil cope with that during the upcoming World Cup in November, weeks after such a contentious election?You’ve also reported on Bolsonaro’s antidemocratic moves, such as casting doubt on the country’s voting system, despite no evidence of fraud. American readers might see similarities with Donald Trump, with whom Bolsonaro has forged close ties. Is the state of democracy as big a topic in Brazil as it is in the U.S.?It’s one of the biggest questions overhanging this election (along with a sputtering economy, rising hunger and the destruction of the Amazon). People saw what happened in the U.S. in 2020, and they know about the Jan. 6 attack on the Capitol. On the left, people are worried about a similar situation here because of Bolsonaro’s rhetoric. He was one of the last world leaders to recognize Joe Biden as the winner of the election.Bolsonaro has said repeatedly that he sees three possible outcomes in this election for him: He wins, he’s put in jail or he’s dead. Those are aggressive words that worry a lot of people. From our reporting, it appears that institutions like the courts and Congress are prepared to stand up to an election challenge by Bolsonaro. And the armed forces, which had also been questioning the voting systems, now also don’t seem to have any interest in backing a coup.The bigger threat may be that Bolsonaro’s supporters take to the streets if he doesn’t accept a loss. Many Bolsonaro supporters believe that Lula’s team and election officials are set on rigging the election. That belief doesn’t have any basis in the truth, but years of false claims by Bolsonaro have persuaded a large portion of the population.What about Lula’s campaign strategy?In a way, Lula’s campaign has been very Biden-esque. Even though Lula is much more of a leftist than Biden, he has also tried to build a broad coalition and appeal to the center. And like Biden, given his time as vice president, Lula has already spent eight years in the presidential offices. He’s a well-known face, and he’s trying to play it safe against an unpopular incumbent.We should know the result, and whether there will be a runoff, around 7 p.m. Eastern tonight. Just because Lula is leading in the polls doesn’t mean something unpredictable can’t happen here.Jack Nicas leads The Times’s coverage of Brazil, Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay. Brazilians were fascinated by his efforts to translate the Portuguese words “tchutchuca” and “imbrochável” in his election coverage — two slightly vulgar words that each had their campaign moments.For moreBrazil’s Supreme Court has expanded its power to counter Bolsonaro’s antidemocratic stances. But some experts are worried the court itself has become repressive.If Bolsonaro loses and his supporters react violently, how will police respond? The Times’s Amanda Taub looks at the possibilities.Lula is trying to complete a stunning political comeback.You can follow election results here.NEWSHurricane IanDestruction in Bonito Beach, Fla., on Friday.Jason Andrew for The New York TimesHurricane Ian’s death toll in Florida climbed, with at least 35 people killed. Officials in Florida’s hardest-hit county delayed telling people to flee. Now they’re encountering mass death.Other Big StoriesRussian forces retreated from Lyman, a key city in eastern Ukraine, one day after Vladimir Putin illegally declared control of the region.At least 170 people died after a soccer match in Indonesia as the police tried to quell a riot with tear gas. Many people were trampled.Venezuela released seven Americans after Biden agreed to grant clemency to two nephews of the country’s first lady.Congress members of both parties are experiencing a surge in threats. In the months since the Jan. 6 attack, they have faced stalking, vandalism and assaults.China’s Covid rules are becoming more entrenched, dictating the patterns of daily life.The recent flooding in Pakistan has plunged farmers further into debt with their landlords.“Saturday Night Live” kicked off its new season with a cold open that was also a commentary on the expectations it faces this year.FROM OPINIONWant less inflation? Try a consumption tax on the rich, Ezra Klein says.Putin is less a guilt-ridden Raskolnikov than a vengeful Medea, Maureen Dowd writes.When paying for an elite private school gets you into an elite college, how dare we call American education a meritocracy? Sophie Callcott asks.Liz Truss, Britain’s new prime minister, is floundering because she has nostalgic answers to modern problems, Ross Douthat argues.“It is the role of faith to counter evil.” Pinchas Goldschmidt, Moscow’s former chief rabbi, on his first Yom Kippur in exile.The Sunday question: Could Iran’s protests bring down its government?Outrage over a woman’s death in police custody, an economic crisis and Iran’s out-of-touch clerical leaders have created a serious legitimacy crisis, Sanam Vakil writes in Foreign Affairs. The Guardian’s Jason Burke is doubtful; dissent appears less widespread than in 1979, when Iranians last ousted their government, and the regime remains strong enough to crush it.MORNING READSRabbi Delphine Horvilleur, center left, in black, at a bar mitzvah.Mauricio Lima for The New York TimesMusing on mortality: A feminist French rabbi is drawing atheists, Christians and Jews to her talks on death.Well: Can supplements replace cranberry juice as a U.T.I. treatment? Experts aren’t sure.Nuclear fashion: Climate consciousness and abortion activism are on the runway at Paris Fashion Week.Sunday routine: The immigrant rights leader Murad Awawdeh greets arrivals from Texas at the Port Authority or he’s with his family.Advice from Wirecutter: Pay attention to iPhone permissions.A Times classic: Facial exercises to make you look younger.BOOKSMichela ButtignolRomance novels: Finding wonderful books that bring to mind old favorites is one of the genre’s greatest pleasures.By the Book: The Swedish novelist Fredrik Backman has learned to read while distracted.Times best sellers: “Dreamland,” by Nicholas Sparks, is a No. 1 debut on the hardcover fiction best-seller list, which also includes the latest from Richard Osman, Elizabeth Strout and Andrew Sean Greer. See all our lists.THE SUNDAY TIMES MAGAZINERuth Ossai for The New York TimesOn the cover: Whoopi Goldberg refuses to hold anything back.“Stolen babies”: Thousands of Spanish children were taken from hospitals and sold to wealthy Catholic families. This is Ana Belén Pintado’s story.Recommendation: The end of life is often invisible. There’s another way.Eat: These little coconut cakes are fluffy and perfect for sharing.Read the full issue.THE WEEK AHEADWhat to Watch ForThe Nobel Prizes will be announced this week, including literature on Thursday and peace on Friday.Canada’s Quebec province will hold elections tomorrow. François Legault, the incumbent premier, is expected to win by appealing to nationalism — without advocating for independence.The 2022 Miss USA Pageant is tomorrow. It will honor Cheslie Kryst, the 2019 winner who died in January.The Australian tennis player Nick Kyrgios is set to face a charge of assaulting a former girlfriend.The government will release new monthly jobs numbers on Friday.What to Cook This WeekJim Wilson/The New York TimesFall seems to have arrived in New York, and Emily Weinstein has ideas for autumnal dishes this week: “I made a crumble after I went apple picking and brought home a ridiculous (some might say crazy) number of apples, and I simmered kabocha squash with scallions, too.” You can also use squash for soup; this recipe is amazing.NOW TIME TO PLAYHere’s a clue from the Sunday crossword:64 Across: Candy bar whose name is an exclamationTake the news quiz to see how well you followed the week’s headlines.Here’s today’s Spelling Bee. Here’s today’s Wordle. After, use our bot to get better.Thanks for spending part of your weekend with The Times.Matthew Cullen, Lauren Hard, Lauren Jackson, Claire Moses, Ian Prasad Philbrick and Ashley Wu contributed to The Morning. You can reach the team at themorning@nytimes.com.Sign up here to get this newsletter in your inbox. More

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      Bolsonaro podría ser derrotado. Y parece demasiado bueno para ser verdad

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      SÃO PAULO, Brasil — “Si Dios quiere, seguiré”, dijo Jair Bolsonaro a mediados de septiembre. “Si no, me quitaré la banda presidencial y me retiraré”.Parece demasiado bueno para ser verdad. Después de todo, Bolsonaro ha pasado buena parte de este año sembrando dudas sobre el proceso electoral y al parecer preparando el terreno para rechazar los resultados. El ejército, de manera ominosa, quiere llevar a cabo un recuento paralelo de los votos. La amenaza se respira en el aire: el 67 por ciento de los brasileños temen que haya violencia política y puede que algunos no se arriesguen a ir a votar (algo muy importante en un país donde es obligatorio votar). Todo el mundo habla de un posible golpe de Estado.En medio de esta incertidumbre, hay un hecho al cual aferrarse: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, el expresidente de izquierda, encabeza las encuestas, con un 50 por ciento de intención de voto en comparación con el 36 por ciento de Bolsonaro. Cuatro años después de que fue expulsado de la escena política, con acusaciones de corrupción y lavado de dinero, que luego se demostró que, en el mejor de los casos, fueron dudosas desde el punto de vista procesal y, en el peor, que tuvieron motivaciones políticas, Da Silva está de vuelta para terminar el trabajo. Teniendo en cuenta las pruebas disponibles, todo parece indicar que ganará: si no el mismo domingo, con más del 50 por ciento de los votos, entonces en la segunda vuelta electoral, el 30 de octubre.Los brasileños estamos conteniendo el aliento. Las próximas semanas podrían poner fin a una época sombría, liderada por uno de los peores mandatarios de nuestra historia, o podrían llevarnos aún más a la catástrofe y la desesperación. Hay mucho que digerir. En lo personal, decidí pasar más tiempo durmiendo y limpiando la casa, mis cortinas nunca se habían visto tan blancas (originalmente eran color crema). Sin embargo, sin importar lo mucho que me distraiga, nada alivia mi aprehensión de que las cosas puedan salir terriblemente mal.En apariencia, todo parece estar en calma. Un extranjero que camine por las calles no sentiría que estamos a punto de celebrar elecciones presidenciales. Al mirar por la ventana, observo que las banderas brasileñas —que han llegado a representar el apoyo a Bolsonaro— han sido retiradas de las fachadas vecinas. Una señal ambigua: podría ser una respuesta anticipada a la derrota o la calma antes de la tormenta. Ni siquiera entre amigos y familiares se habla mucho sobre las elecciones; las líneas se trazaron en 2018 y no se han movido gran cosa desde entonces.Sin embargo, a pesar de toda la polarización social, sigue habiendo aquí un enorme apoyo a la democracia: el 75 por ciento de los ciudadanos piensa que es mejor que cualquier otra forma de gobierno. Desde el principio, Da Silva ha intentado explotar ese sentimiento común y abrir un amplio frente contra Bolsonaro. Escogió a un antiguo adversario de centroderecha, Geraldo Alckmin, como su compañero de fórmula; se acercó con insistencia a los líderes empresariales y se aseguró de contar con el apoyo de figuras importantes de centro. En este ambiente de camaradería, los partidarios del candidato de centroizquierda, Ciro Gomes, que en estos momentos tiene alrededor de un 6 por ciento del voto en las encuestas, podrían incluso dar su voto al expresidente. Si eso ocurre, es casi seguro que Bolsonaro pierda las elecciones.Esa gloriosa posibilidad no ayuda a disipar la ansiedad que envuelve al país. Es físicamente imposible no obsesionarse con lo que podría suceder. Las posibilidades son aterradoras: las encuestas podrían equivocarse y Bolsonaro podría ganar. Las encuestas podrían estar en lo cierto y Bolsonaro podría negarse a aceptar la derrota e incluso dar un golpe de Estado. Cada día parece tener la duración de un día en Venus —de alrededor de 5832 horas— a juzgar por la agitación de mi feed de Twitter.Sencillamente, hay demasiado en juego. Por un lado, el proceso democrático mismo, que el propio presidente ha puesto en entredicho. Por otro, está el futuro de nuestro poder judicial. El año próximo, habrá dos lugares vacantes en el Supremo Tribunal Federal, de un total de 11 magistraturas. Si Bolsonaro se mantiene en el poder seguramente aprovechará la oportunidad de elegir a jueces de extrema derecha como lo hizo con sus dos últimos nombramientos. Estaríamos ante una reconfiguración del poder judicial al estilo de Trump.Luego, está la cuestión del medioambiente. En lo que va del año, se han registrado más incendios forestales en la Amazonía brasileña que en todo 2021, que fue de por sí bastante catastrófico. Desde comienzos de septiembre, densas columnas de humo cubren varios estados del país. Durante la presidencia de Bolsonaro, la deforestación ha aumentado, las agencias ambientales han sido desmanteladas y las muertes de indígenas se han incrementado. Revertir estas políticas ambientales desastrosas no podría ser más urgente.Además, un nuevo gobierno podría cambiar el fatídico destino de 33 millones de personas que viven en un estado de privación de alimentos y hambruna, por no hablar de los 62,9 millones de personas (o un 29 por ciento de la población) que vive por debajo de la línea de la pobreza. También podría disminuir la cantidad de armas de fuego en nuestras calles, que, con Bolsonaro, ha alcanzado la preocupante cifra de 1,9 millones. Y, por último, los brasileños podrían comenzar a sanar el trauma de las 685.000 muertes por COVID-19.Pero antes de todo eso, hay un primer paso necesario: obligar a Jair Bolsonaro a salir. Luego, podremos volver a respirar tranquilos.Vanessa Barbara es editora del sitio web literario A Hortaliça, autora de dos novelas y dos libros de no ficción en portugués y colaboradora de la sección de Opinión del Times. More

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      Lula y Bolsonaro protagonizarán la elección presidencial brasileña más polarizada de los últimos años

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      Los brasileños que votarán el domingo elegirán entre dos titanes políticos, con planes e ideologías muy distintas.RÍO DE JANEIRO — Durante la última década, Brasil ha pasado de una crisis a otra: la destrucción del medioambiente, una recesión económica, una presidenta destituida, dos presidentes encarcelados y una pandemia que mató a más personas que en cualquier otro lugar fuera de Estados Unidos.El domingo, los brasileños votarán por su próximo presidente, con la esperanza de impulsar al mayor país de América Latina hacia un futuro más estable y brillante, y decidirán entre dos hombres que están profundamente vinculados a su tumultuoso pasado.Esta elección es considerada como una de las más importantes del país en décadas, según los historiadores brasileños, en parte porque puede estar en riesgo la salud de la cuarta democracia más grande del mundo.El presidente en el poder, Jair Bolsonaro, es un populista de extrema derecha cuyo primer mandato ha destacado por su agitación y sus constantes ataques al sistema electoral. Ha despertado la indignación en su país y la preocupación en el extranjero por sus políticas que aceleraron la deforestación de la selva amazónica, su apuesta por medicamentos no probados en lugar de las vacunas contra la COVID-19 y sus duros ataques a rivales políticos, jueces, periodistas y profesionales de la salud.El contrincante, el expresidente Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, es un izquierdista apasionado que supervisó el auge de Brasil durante la primera década de este siglo, pero que luego fue a la cárcel acusado de corrupción. Esos cargos fueron posteriormente retirados, y ahora, tras liderar las encuestas durante meses, el hombre conocido simplemente como Lula está a punto de completar una sorprendente resurrección política.Son quizás las dos figuras más conocidas y más polarizadas de este país de 217 millones de habitantes, y durante más de un año han estado presentando a los votantes visiones muy diferentes para la nación, cuya economía ha sido golpeada por la pandemia y la inflación mundial.Bolsonaro, de 67 años, quiere vender la compañía petrolera estatal de Brasil, abrir la Amazonía a la minería, relajar las regulaciones sobre las armas e introducir valores más conservadores. Da Silva, de 76 años, promete aumentar los impuestos a los ricos para ampliar los servicios para los pobres, lo que incluye ampliar la red de seguridad social, aumentar el salario mínimo y alimentar y dar vivienda a más personas.Partidarios de Bolsonaro en Río de Janeiro. Bolsonaro ha insinuado que la única forma en que cree que perdería las elecciones es si se las roban.Dado Galdieri para The New York TimesEl eslogan de la campaña de Bolsonaro es “Dios, familia, patria y libertad”, mientras que Da Silva ha construido su discurso en torno a la promesa de garantizar que todos los brasileños puedan disfrutar de tres comidas al día, incluyendo, ocasionalmente, un corte de carne superior y una cerveza fría en un asado familiar.Sin embargo, en lugar de sus planes para el futuro, gran parte de la carrera ha girado en torno al pasado de cada candidato. Los brasileños se han alineado en uno u otro bando, basándose en gran parte en su oposición a uno de los candidatos, en lugar de su apoyo a ellos.“La palabra principal en esta campaña es rechazo”, dijo Thiago de Aragão, director de estrategia de Arko Advice, una de las mayores consultoras políticas de Brasil. “Estas elecciones son una demostración de cómo los votantes de un país polarizado se unifican en torno a lo que odian en lugar de lo que aman”.La atención del domingo —cuando un total de 11 candidatos presidenciales estarán en la boleta— no solo estará en los recuentos de votos, sino en lo que sucederá después de que se anuncien los resultados.Bolsonaro lleva meses poniendo en duda la seguridad del sistema de votación electrónica de Brasil, afirmando sin pruebas que es vulnerable al fraude y que los partidarios de Da Silva están planeando amañar la votación. Bolsonaro ha dicho, en efecto, que la única manera de que pierda es que le roben las elecciones.Inspectores del Tribunal Superior Electoral empacan las máquinas de votación después de probarlas en São Paulo. En las últimas semanas, el ejército y los funcionarios electorales acordaron un cambio en la forma en que prueban las máquinas, que según Bolsonaro no son confiables.Victor Moriyama para The New York Times“Tenemos tres alternativas para mí: la cárcel, la muerte o la victoria”, dijo a sus partidarios en enormes mítines el año pasado. “Díganles a los bastardos que nunca seré apresado”.A principios de este año, los militares comenzaron a cuestionar el sistema electoral junto con Bolsonaro, lo que suscitó la preocupación de que las fuerzas armadas podrían respaldar al presidente si se niega a admitir la derrota.Pero en las últimas semanas, los militares y los funcionarios electorales acordaron un cambio en las pruebas de las máquinas de votación y los líderes militares dicen que ahora están satisfechos con la seguridad del sistema. Los militares no apoyarían ningún esfuerzo de Bolsonaro para impugnar los resultados, según dos altos funcionarios militares que hablaron de forma anónima debido a las reglas que impiden a los funcionarios militares hablar de política. Algunos generales de alto rango también han intentado recientemente persuadir a Bolsonaro para que se rinda si pierde, según uno de los oficiales.Sin embargo, Bolsonaro no parece estar satisfecho. El miércoles, su partido político publicó un documento de dos páginas en el que afirmaba, sin pruebas, que los empleados y contratistas del gobierno tenían el “poder absoluto de manipular los resultados de las elecciones sin dejar rastro”. Los funcionarios electorales respondieron que las afirmaciones “son falsas y deshonestas” y “un claro intento de obstaculizar y perturbar” las elecciones.Bolsonaro quiere permitir más actividades mineras en la Amazonía y dice que quiere instaurar valores más conservadores.Victor Moriyama para The New York TimesEl jueves, en el último debate antes de la votación del domingo, otra candidata le preguntó directamente a Bolsonaro si aceptaría los resultados de las elecciones. No contestó, sino que insultó a la candidata, diciendo que solamente lo desafiaba porque no le había dado trabajo. (A continuación, ella le preguntó si estaba vacunado contra la COVID-19 —su gobierno consideró que su estado de vacunación era un asunto clasificado— y él respondió de forma similar).Da Silva ha mantenido una ventaja dominante en las encuestas desde el año pasado. Si ningún candidato supera el 50 por ciento de los votos el domingo, los dos primeros competirán en una segunda vuelta el 30 de octubre. Parecía que Bolsonaro y da Silva acabarían en otro enfrentamiento, pero el reciente aumento de las cifras de las encuestas de Da Silva sugiere que podría ganar directamente el domingo.Una victoria de Da Silva continuaría un cambio hacia la izquierda en América Latina, con seis de las siete naciones más grandes de la región eligiendo líderes de izquierda desde 2018. También sería un gran golpe para el movimiento global del populismo de derecha que se ha extendido en la última década. El expresidente Donald Trump es un aliado clave de Bolsonaro y ha respaldado al presidente brasileño.Un mitin de campaña de Lula da Silva en Río de Janeiro. Si no gana las elecciones en la primera ronda, habrá una segunda vuelta el 30 de octubre.Dado Galdieri para The New York TimesLas encuestas sugieren que si Da Silva gana la presidencia en la primera vuelta del domingo solo sería por un estrecho margen, lo que crearía una oportunidad para que Bolsonaro y sus partidarios argumenten que los resultados se deben a un fraude electoral.Líderes políticos y analistas creen que las instituciones democráticas de Brasil están preparadas para resistir cualquier esfuerzo de Bolsonaro para impugnar los resultados de las elecciones, pero el país se prepara para la violencia. El 75 por ciento de los partidarios de Bolsonaro dijeron a la encuestadora más prominente de Brasil en julio que tenían “poco” o ningún apoyo para los sistemas de votación.“Lo único que puede quitarle la victoria a Bolsonaro es el fraude”, dijo Luiz Sartorelli, de 54 años, un vendedor de software en São Paulo. Enumeró varias teorías de la conspiración sobre un fraude pasado como prueba. “Si quieres la paz, a veces tienes que prepararte para la guerra”.Las elecciones también podrían tener importantes consecuencias medioambientales a nivel mundial. El 60 por ciento de la Amazonía se encuentra dentro de Brasil, y la salud de la selva tropical es fundamental para frenar el calentamiento global y preservar la biodiversidad.Bolsonaro ha provocado indignación en el país y preocupación en el mundo por las políticas que aceleraron la deforestación en la selva amazónica.Victor Moriyama para The New York TimesBolsonaro ha relajado las regulaciones sobre la tala y la minería en la Amazonía y ha recortado los fondos federales y el personal de las agencias que hacen cumplir las leyes destinadas a proteger a las poblaciones indígenas y el medio ambiente.En su campaña, ha prometido aplicar estrictamente la normativa medioambiental. Al mismo tiempo, ha puesto en duda las estadísticas que muestran el aumento de la deforestación y ha dicho que Brasil debe ser capaz de aprovechar sus recursos naturales.Da Silva prometió acabar con toda la minería ilegal y la deforestación en la Amazonia y ha dicho que animará a los agricultores y ganaderos a utilizar las tierras no ocupadas que ya han sido deforestadas.Con una ventaja constante en las encuestas, Da Silva ha llevado a cabo una campaña excesivamente reacia a los riesgos. Ha rechazado muchas solicitudes de entrevistas y, la semana pasada, no acudió a un debate.Lula da Silva ha prometido aumentar los impuestos a los ricos para ampliar los servicios a los pobres.Dado Galdieri para The New York TimesPero se presentó en el debate del jueves, en el que Bolsonaro lo empezó a atacar inmediatamente. Llamó a Da Silva “mentiroso, exconvicto y traidor”. Afirmó que la izquierda quería sexualizar a los niños y legalizar las drogas. Y trató de relacionar a Da Silva con un asesinato sin resolver de hace 20 años. “El futuro de la nación está en juego”, dijo a los votantes.Da Silva dijo que el presidente mentía. “Usted tiene una hija de 10 años viendo esto”, dijo. “Sea responsable”.André Spigariol More

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      in Elections

      Brazil Faces Big Vote in Presidential Election: Bolsonaro vs. Lula.

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      Brazilians voting for president on Sunday will choose between two political titans in a contest seen as a major test for one of the world’s largest democracies.RIO DE JANEIRO — For the past decade, Brazil has lurched from one crisis to the next: environmental destruction, an economic recession, one president impeached, two presidents imprisoned and a pandemic that killed more people than anywhere else outside the United States.On Sunday, Brazilians will cast their ballots for their next president, hoping to push Latin America’s largest country toward a more stable and brighter future — by deciding between two men who are deeply tied to its tumultuous past.The election is widely regarded as the nation’s most important vote in decades, historians in Brazil say, in part because the health of one of the world’s biggest democracies may be at stake.The incumbent, President Jair Bolsonaro, is a far-right populist whose first term has stood out for its turmoil and his constant attacks on the electoral system. He has drawn outrage at home and concern abroad for policies that accelerated deforestation in the Amazon rainforest, for his embrace of unproven drugs over Covid-19 vaccines and for his harsh attacks on political rivals, judges, journalists and health professionals.The challenger, former President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva, is a left-wing firebrand who oversaw Brazil’s boom during the first decade of this century, but then went to prison on corruption charges. Those charges were later thrown out, and now, after leading in polls for months, the man simply known as “Lula” is poised to complete a stunning political resurrection.They are perhaps the two best-known, and most polarizing, figures in this nation of 217 million people, and for more than a year, they have been pitching voters on starkly different visions for the country, whose economy has been battered by the pandemic and global inflation.Mr. Bolsonaro, 67, wants to sell Brazil’s state-owned oil company, open the Amazon to more mining, loosen regulations on guns and usher in more conservative values. Mr. da Silva, 76, promises to raise taxes on the rich to expand services for the poor, including widening the social safety net, increasing the minimum wage, and feeding and housing more people.Supporters of Mr. Bolsonaro in Rio de Janiero. Mr. Bolsonaro has implied that the only way he believes he would lose the election is if it were stolen from him.Dado Galdieri for The New York TimesMr. Bolsonaro’s campaign slogan is “God, family, homeland and liberty,” while Mr. da Silva has built his pitch around a pledge to ensure that all Brazilians can enjoy three meals a day, including, occasionally, a top cut of meat and a cold beer at a family barbecue.Yet, instead of their plans for the future, much of the race has revolved around each candidate’s past. Brazilians have lined up on either side based in large part on their opposition to one of the candidates, instead of their support for them.“The major word in this campaign is rejection,” said Thiago de Aragão, strategy director at Arko Advice, one of Brazil’s largest political consultancies. “This election is a demonstration of how voters in a polarized country unify themselves around what they hate instead of what they love.”The focus on Sunday — when a total of 11 presidential candidates will be on the ballot — will not just be on the vote tallies, but also on what will happen after the results are announced.Mr. Bolsonaro has been casting doubt on the security of Brazil’s electronic voting system for months, claiming without evidence that it is vulnerable to fraud and that Mr. da Silva’s supporters are planning to rig the vote. Mr. Bolsonaro has, in effect, said that the only way he would lose is if the election were stolen from him.Electoral Court inspectors packing up voting machines after testing them in São Paulo. In recent weeks, the military and election officials agreed to a change in how they test the machines, which Mr. Bolsonaro has claimed are unreliable.Victor Moriyama for The New York Times“We have three alternatives for me: Prison, death or victory,” he told supporters at enormous rallies last year. “Tell the bastards I’ll never be arrested.”Earlier this year, the military began challenging the election system alongside Mr. Bolsonaro, raising concerns that the armed forces could back the president if he refuses to concede.But in recent weeks, the military and election officials agreed on a change to tests of the voting machines, and military leaders say they are now satisfied with the system’s security. The military would not support any efforts by Mr. Bolsonaro to challenge the results, according to two senior military officials who spoke anonymously because of rules against military officials discussing politics. Some senior generals have also recently tried to persuade Mr. Bolsonaro to concede if he loses, according to one of the officials.Mr. Bolsonaro, however, still does not seem satisfied. On Wednesday, his political party released a two-page document claiming, without evidence, that some government employees and contractors had the “absolute power to manipulate election results without leaving a trace.” Election officials fired back that the claims “are false and dishonest” and “a clear attempt to hinder and disrupt” the election.Mr. Bolsonaro wants to open the Amazon to more mining and says he wants to usher in more conservative values.Victor Moriyama for The New York TimesOn Thursday, at the final debate before Sunday’s vote, Mr. Bolsonaro was asked directly by another candidate if he would accept the election results. He did not answer. Instead, he insulted the candidate, saying she was only challenging him because he fired her friends from government jobs. (She then asked if he was vaccinated for Covid-19 — his government deemed his vaccine status to be classified — and he responded similarly.)Mr. da Silva has held a commanding lead in the polls since last year. If no candidate exceeds 50 percent of the vote on Sunday, the top two finishers will compete in a runoff on Oct. 30. It had appeared that Mr. Bolsonaro and Mr. da Silva would end up in another showdown then, but a recent surge in Mr. da Silva’s poll numbers suggests that he could win outright on Sunday.A victory for Mr. da Silva would continue a leftward shift in Latin America, with six of the region’s seven largest nations electing leftist leaders since 2018. It also would be a major blow to the global movement of right-wing populism that has spread in the last decade. Former President Donald J. Trump is a key ally of Mr. Bolsonaro and has endorsed the Brazilian president.A campaign rally for Mr. da Silva in Rio de Janiero. If he does not win next week’s election outright, there will be a runoff on Oct. 30.Dado Galdieri for The New York TimesPolls suggest that if Mr. da Silva wins the presidency in Sunday’s first round it would only be by a slim margin, creating an opening for Mr. Bolsonaro and his supporters to argue that voter fraud accounted for the results.Political leaders and analysts believe that Brazil’s democratic institutions are prepared to withstand any effort by Mr. Bolsonaro to dispute the election’s results, but the nation is bracing for violence. Seventy-five percent of Mr. Bolsonaro’s supporters told Brazil’s most prominent pollster in July that they had “little” or no support for the voting systems.“The only thing that can take victory from Bolsonaro is fraud,” said Luiz Sartorelli, 54, a software salesman in São Paulo. He listed several conspiracy theories about past fraud as proof. “If you want peace, sometimes you need to prepare for war.”The election could also have major global environmental consequences. Sixty percent of the Amazon lies within Brazil, and the health of the rainforest is critical to stemming global warming and preserving biodiversity.Mr. Bolsonaro has drawn outrage at home and concern abroad for policies that accelerated deforestation in the Amazon rainforest.Victor Moriyama for The New York TimesMr. Bolsonaro has loosened regulations on logging and mining in the Amazon, and slashed federal funds and staffing for the agencies that enforce laws intended to protect Indigenous populations and the environment.In his campaign, he has promised to strictly enforce environmental regulations. At the same time, he has cast doubt on statistics that show soaring deforestation and has said that Brazil must be able to take advantage of its natural resources.Mr. da Silva has pledged to end all illegal mining and deforestation in the Amazon, and said that he would encourage farmers and ranchers to use unoccupied land that has already been deforested.With a steady lead in the polls, Mr. da Silva has run an exceedingly risk-averse campaign. He has declined many interview requests and, last week, he skipped a debate.Mr. da Silva has promised to raise taxes on the rich to expand services for the poor.Dado Galdieri for The New York TimesBut he did show up at Thursday’s debate, where Mr. Bolsonaro immediately started swinging. He called Mr. da Silva a “liar, ex-convict and traitor.” He claimed the left wanted to sexualize children and legalize drugs. And he tried to connect Mr. da Silva to a 20-year-old unsolved murder. “The future of the nation is at stake,” he told voters.Mr. da Silva said the president was lying. “You have a 10-year-old daughter watching this,” he said. “Be responsible.”André Spigariol and Flávia Milhorance contributed reporting. More