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1. What a normal US election looks like
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The first votes cast
Before election day, some states start
early voting and
mail-in voting. That’s happening in this election, as well.
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On election day, everyone else votes
Americans go to polling places to cast their vote. This is also when mail-in ballots can be counted in most states. Once ballots are tallied, results start being released.
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Organizations like the
Associated Press often project a winner on election night based on an analysis of votes already counted, the number of outstanding votes and the margin between the candidates.
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The losing candidate typically concedes
This usually happens in the early hours of the next morning. A public concession makes it clear to the American people who has won. It can make everything after this feel like a formality.
The results are finalized
Even if it’s clear who won local officials finish counting ballots in the days after the election and send their results to state officials. They approve the results and send them to federal officials.
Election disputes need to be settled before 8 December
States need to settle any election disputes and have a winner by this date, known as the “safe harbor deadline.” Otherwise, federal law says Congress can refuse to accept the electoral votes from that state.
Then states pick ‘electors’ to represent them
When Americans vote they don’t directly vote for president and vice president. Rather, they vote for their state “electors” who represent their choice.
For example, if Joe Biden wins Michigan this year, the state’s 16 allotted electors would be Democrats. They represent the state at the
electoral college meeting on 14 December, where electors meet at their respective state capitols to elect the president and vice-president.
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The winning candidate is sworn into office
On 20 January, or 21 January if it’s on a Sunday, the constitution says the presidential term is over and the new president is inaugurated.
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2. In 2020, things might be different
The weeks before election day
By early October,
6.6 million Americans had already voted, largely because of a surge in mail-in voting. Trump has said
mail-in voting is rigged against him, and his allies
have helped sow doubt in the election.
Democrats tend to be more likely to vote by mail, according to
research by election scholars Edward Foley and Charles Stewart. That means Democrats will gain more votes as mail ballots are counted, but it might also mean they are less represented in the in-person voting that happens on election day. More