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    El abismo estadounidense

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }Capitol Riot FalloutInside the SiegeVisual TimelineNotable ArrestsCapitol Police in CrisisThe police forced the crowd out of the Capitol building after facing off in the Rotunda, Jan. 6, 3:40 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesEl abismo estadounidenseTrump, la turba y lo que viene después: observaciones de un historiador del fascismo y la atrocidad política.The police forced the crowd out of the Capitol building after facing off in the Rotunda, Jan. 6, 3:40 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesSupported byContinue reading the main story15 de enero de 2021Actualizado 08:30 ETRead in EnglishLire en françaisCuando Donald Trump se paró frente a sus seguidores el 6 de enero y los instó a marchar hacia el Capitolio de Estados Unidos, estaba haciendo lo que siempre había hecho. Nunca tomó en serio la democracia electoral ni aceptó la legitimidad de su versión estadounidense.Incluso cuando ganó, en 2016, insistió en que la elección fue fraudulenta, que se emitieron millones de votos falsos para su oponente. En 2020, sabiendo que iba detrás de Joe Biden en las encuestas, pasó meses afirmando que la elección presidencial estaba amañada y señalando que no aceptaría los resultados si no le favorecían. El día de las elecciones afirmó erróneamente que había ganado y luego endureció su retórica: con el tiempo, su victoria se convirtió en una avalancha histórica y las diversas conspiraciones que la negaban cada vez eran más sofisticadas e inverosímiles.La gente le creyó, lo que no es para nada sorprendente. Se necesita una gran cantidad de trabajo para educar a los ciudadanos a resistir la poderosa atracción de creer lo que ya creen, o lo que otros a su alrededor creen, o lo que le daría sentido a sus propias decisiones anteriores. Platón advirtió de un riesgo particular sobre los tiranos: que al final se verían rodeados de gente que siempre les dice que sí y de facilitadores. A Aristóteles le preocupaba que, en una democracia, un demagogo rico y talentoso pudiera dominar fácilmente las mentes de la población. Conscientes de estos y otros riesgos, los creadores de la Constitución de Estados Unidos instituyeron un sistema de pesos y contrapesos. No se trataba simplemente de asegurar que ninguna rama del gobierno dominase a las demás, sino también de anclar en las instituciones diferentes puntos de vista.Listen to This ArticleAudio Recording by AudmEn este sentido, la responsabilidad de la presión de Trump para anular una elección debe ser compartida por un gran número de miembros republicanos del Congreso. En vez de contradecir a Trump desde el principio, permitieron que su ficción electoral floreciera. Tenían motivos para hacerlo. Un grupo de integrantes del Partido Republicano se preocupa sobre todo por jugar con el sistema para mantener el poder, aprovechando al máximo las imprecisiones constitucionales, las manipulaciones y el dinero sucio para ganar las elecciones con una minoría de votantes motivados. No les interesa que colapse la peculiar forma de representación que permite a su partido minoritario un control desproporcionado del gobierno. El más importante de ellos, Mitch McConnell, permitió la mentira de Trump sin hacer ningún comentario sobre sus consecuencias.Sin embargo, otros republicanos vieron la situación de manera diferente: podrían realmente romper el sistema y tener el poder sin democracia. La división entre estos dos grupos, los que participan en el juego y los que quieren patear el tablero, se hizo muy evidente el 30 de diciembre, cuando el senador Josh Hawley anunció que apoyaría la impugnación de Trump al cuestionar la validez de los votos electorales el 6 de enero. En ese momento, Ted Cruz prometió su propio apoyo, junto con otros diez senadores. Más de un centenar de representantes republicanos asumieron la misma postura. Para muchos, esto lucía como un espectáculo más: las impugnaciones a los votos electorales de los estados forzarían retrasos y votos en el pleno pero no afectarían al resultado.Los extremistas pro-Trump intentan escalar las paredes del edificio del Capitolio en Washington para pasar las barreras y entrar, 2:09 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesSin embargo, que el Congreso obviara sus funciones básicas tenía un precio. Una institución elegida que se opone a las elecciones está invitando a su propio derrocamiento. Los miembros del Congreso que sostuvieron la mentira del presidente, a pesar de la evidencia disponible y sin ambigüedades, traicionaron su misión constitucional. Hacer de sus ficciones la base de la acción del Congreso les dio vigor. Ahora Trump podría exigir que los senadores y congresistas se sometan a su voluntad. Podía poner la responsabilidad personal sobre Mike Pence, a cargo de los procedimientos formales, para pervertirlos. Y el 6 de enero, ordenó a sus seguidores que ejercieran presión sobre estos representantes elegidos, lo que procedieron a hacer: asaltaron el edificio del Capitolio, buscaron gente para castigar y saquearon el lugar.Por supuesto que esto tenía sentido de cierto modo: si la elección realmente había sido robada, como los senadores y congresistas insinuaban, entonces ¿cómo se podía permitir que el Congreso siguiera adelante? Para algunos republicanos, la invasión del Capitolio debe haber sido una sorpresa, o incluso una lección. Sin embargo, para quienes buscaban una ruptura, puede haber sido un atisbo del futuro. Luego, ocho senadores y más de 100 representantes votaron a favor de la mentira que les obligó a huir de sus cámaras.Los insurrectos amenazaron y persiguieron al agente Eugene Goodman dentro del Capitolio, a las 2:13 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesLa posverdad es prefascismo, y Trump ha sido nuestro presidente de la posverdad. Cuando renunciamos a la verdad, concedemos el poder a aquellos con la riqueza y el carisma para crear un espectáculo en su lugar. Sin un acuerdo sobre algunos hechos básicos, los ciudadanos no pueden formar una sociedad civil que les permita defenderse. Si perdemos las instituciones que producen hechos que nos conciernen, entonces tendemos a revolcarnos en atractivas abstracciones y ficciones. La verdad se defiende particularmente mal cuando no queda mucho de ella, y la era de Trump —como la era de Vladimir Putin en Rusia— es una de decadencia de las noticias locales. Las redes sociales no son un sustituto: sobrecargan los hábitos mentales por los que buscamos estímulo emocional y comodidad, lo que significa perder la distinción entre lo que se siente verdadero y lo que realmente es verdadero.La posverdad desgasta el Estado de derecho e invita a un régimen de mitos. Estos últimos cuatro años, los estudiosos han discutido la legitimidad y el valor de invocar el fascismo en referencia a la propaganda trumpista. Una posición cómoda ha sido etiquetar cualquier esfuerzo como una comparación directa y luego tratar esas comparaciones como tabú. De manera más productiva, el filósofo Jason Stanley ha tratado el fascismo como un fenómeno, como una serie de patrones que pueden observarse no solo en la Europa de entreguerras sino más allá de esa época.Mi propia opinión es que un mayor conocimiento del pasado, fascista o no, nos permite notar y conceptualizar elementos del presente que de otra manera podríamos ignorar, y pensar más ampliamente sobre las posibilidades futuras. En octubre me quedó claro que el comportamiento de Trump presagiaba un golpe de Estado, y lo dije por escrito; esto no es porque el presente repita el pasado, sino porque el pasado ilumina el presente.Una turba furiosa se enfrentó a la policía mientras intentaba entrar en el Capitolio, a las 2:00 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesComo los líderes fascistas históricos, Trump se ha presentado como la única fuente de la verdad. Su uso del término fake news (“noticias falsas”) se hizo eco de la difamación nazi Lügenpresse (“prensa mentirosa”); como los nazis, se refirió a los reporteros como “enemigos del pueblo”. Como Adolf Hitler, llegó al poder en un momento en que la prensa convencional había recibido una paliza; la crisis financiera de 2008 hizo a los periódicos estadounidenses lo que la Gran Depresión le hizo a los diarios alemanes. Los nazis pensaron que podían usar la radio para remplazar el viejo pluralismo del periódico; Trump trató de hacer lo mismo con Twitter.Gracias a la capacidad tecnológica y al talento personal, Donald Trump mintió a un ritmo tal vez inigualado por ningún otro líder de la historia. En su mayor parte eran pequeñas mentiras, y su principal efecto era acumulativo. Creer en todas ellas era aceptar la autoridad de un solo hombre, porque creer en ellas era descreer en todo lo demás. Una vez establecida esa autoridad personal, el mandatario podía tratar a todos los demás como mentirosos; incluso tenía el poder de convertir a alguien de un consejero de confianza en un deshonesto sinvergüenza con un solo tuit. Sin embargo, mientras no pudiera imponer una mentira verdaderamente grande, una fantasía que crease una realidad alternativa en la que la gente pudiera vivir y morir, su prefascismo se quedó corto.Un busto de George Washington, con una gorra de Trump, mientras los intrusos recorrían el edificio, a las 2:34 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson para The New York TimesAlgunas de sus mentiras fueron, sin duda, de tamaño mediano: que era un hombre de negocios exitoso; que Rusia no lo apoyó en 2016; que Barack Obama nació en Kenia. Esas mentiras de tamaño medio eran la norma de los aspirantes a autoritaristas en el siglo XXI. En Polonia el partido de la derecha construyó un culto al martirio que giraba en torno a responsabilizar a los rivales políticos por el accidente de avión que mató al presidente de la nación. El húngaro Viktor Orban culpa a un número cada vez más reducido de refugiados musulmanes de los problemas de su país. Pero esas afirmaciones no eran grandes mentiras; se extendían pero no rompían lo que Hannah Arendt llamaba “el tejido de la realidad”.Una gran mentira histórica discutida por Arendt es la explicación de Joseph Stalin de la hambruna en la Ucrania soviética en 1932-33. El Estado había colectivizado la agricultura, y luego aplicó una serie de medidas punitivas contra Ucrania que provocaron la muerte de millones de personas. Sin embargo, la versión oficial era que los hambrientos eran provocadores, agentes de las potencias occidentales que odiaban tanto el socialismo que se estaban matando a sí mismos. Una ficción aún más grande, en el relato de Arendt, es el antisemitismo hitleriano: las afirmaciones de que los judíos dirigían el mundo, los judíos eran responsables de las ideas que envenenaban las mentes alemanas, los judíos apuñalaron a Alemania por la espalda durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Curiosamente, Arendt pensaba que las grandes mentiras solo funcionan en las mentes solitarias; su coherencia sustituye a la experiencia y al compañerismo.En noviembre de 2020, al llegar a millones de mentes solitarias a través de las redes sociales, Trump dijo una mentira peligrosamente ambiciosa: que había ganado unas elecciones que, de hecho, había perdido. Esta mentira era grande en todos los aspectos pertinentes: no tan grande como “los judíos dirigen el mundo”, pero lo suficientemente grande. La importancia del asunto en cuestión era grande: el derecho a gobernar el país más poderoso del mundo y la eficacia y fiabilidad de sus procedimientos de sucesión. El nivel de mendacidad era profundo. La afirmación no solo era errónea, sino que también se hizo de mala fe, en medio de fuentes poco fiables. Cuestionaba no solo las pruebas sino también la lógica: ¿Cómo podría (y por qué debería) una elección haber sido amañada contra un presidente republicano pero no contra senadores y representantes republicanos? Trump tuvo que hablar, absurdamente, de una “Elección (para Presidente) amañada”.Afuera del Capitolio, la multitud aplaudía mientras los asaltantes entraban en el edificio a las 2:10 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesLa fuerza de una gran mentira reside en su demanda de que muchas otras cosas deben ser creídas o no creídas. Para dar sentido a un mundo en el que las elecciones presidenciales de 2020 fueron robadas se requiere desconfiar no solo de los reporteros y de los expertos, sino también de las instituciones gubernamentales locales, estatales y federales, desde los trabajadores electorales hasta los funcionarios electos, la Seguridad Nacional y hasta la Corte Suprema. Esto trae consigo, por necesidad, una teoría de la conspiración: imagina a toda la gente que debe haber estado en ese complot y a toda la gente que habría tenido que trabajar en el encubrimiento.La ficción electoral de Trump flota libre de la realidad verificable. Está defendida no tanto por hechos como por afirmaciones de que alguien más ha hecho algunas afirmaciones. La sensibilidad es que algo debe estar mal porque siento que está mal, y sé que otros sienten lo mismo. Cuando líderes políticos como Ted Cruz o Jim Jordan hablaban así, lo que querían decir era: crees mis mentiras, lo que me obliga a repetirlas. Las redes sociales proporcionan una infinidad de pruebas aparentes para cualquier condena, especialmente una aparentemente sostenida por un presidente.En la superficie, una teoría de la conspiración hace que su víctima parezca fuerte: ve a Trump como resistiendo a los demócratas, los republicanos, el Estado Profundo, los pedófilos, los satanistas. Sin embargo, más profundamente, invierte la posición de los fuertes y los débiles. El enfoque de Trump en las supuestas “irregularidades” y “estados disputados” se reduce a las ciudades donde los negros viven y votan. En el fondo, la fantasía del fraude es la de un crimen cometido por los negros contra los blancos.No es solo que el fraude electoral de los afroestadounidenses contra Donald Trump nunca haya ocurrido. Es que es todo lo contrario de lo que sucedió, en 2020 y en todas las elecciones estadounidenses. Como siempre, los negros esperaron más tiempo que los demás para votar y era más probable que sus votos fuesen impugnados. Era más probable que estuvieran sufriendo o muriendo a causa de la COVID-19, y menos probable que pudieran tomarse un tiempo fuera del trabajo. La protección histórica de su derecho al voto fue eliminada por el fallo de 2013 de la Corte Suprema en el caso del Condado de Shelby contra Holder, y los estados se han apresurado a aprobar medidas del tipo que históricamente reducen el voto de los pobres y las comunidades de color.La afirmación de que a Trump se le negó una victoria por fraude es una gran mentira, no solo porque atenta contra la lógica, describe mal el presente y exige creer en una conspiración. Es una gran mentira, fundamentalmente, porque invierte el campo moral de la política estadounidense y la estructura básica de la historia estadounidense.Cuando el senador Ted Cruz anunció su intención de impugnar el voto del Colegio Electoral, invocó el Compromiso de 1877, que resolvió la elección presidencial de 1876. Los comentaristas señalaron que esto no era un precedente relevante, ya que en ese entonces realmente habían graves irregularidades de los votantes y se produjo un impasse en el Congreso. Para los afroestadounidenses, sin embargo, la referencia aparentemente gratuita llevaba a otra parte. El Compromiso de 1877 —por el que Rutherford B. Hayes tendría la presidencia, siempre que retirara el poder federal del Sur— fue el mismo acuerdo por el que los afroestadounidenses fueron expulsados de las casillas de votación durante la mayor parte del siglo. Fue el fin de la Reconstrucción, el comienzo de la segregación, la discriminación legal y Jim Crow. Es el pecado original de la historia afroestadounidenses en la era posesclavitud, nuestro más cercano roce con el fascismo hasta ahora.Si la referencia parecía distante cuando Ted Cruz y 10 colegas senadores dieron a conocer su declaración el 2 de enero, se acercó mucho cuatro días después, cuando las banderas confederadas desfilaron por el Capitolio.Un camarógrafo de The Daily Caller, un sitio web de derecha, después de ser rociado con gas pimienta durante el caos en el Capitolio, a las 3:45 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesAlgunas cosas han cambiado desde 1877, por supuesto. En ese entonces, eran los republicanos, o muchos de ellos, los que apoyaban la igualdad racial; eran los demócratas, el partido del sur, los que querían el apartheid. Fueron los demócratas, en ese entonces, quienes llamaron fraudulentos los votos de los afroestadounidenses, y los republicanos quienes querían que fueran contados. Esto se ha invertido ahora. En el último medio siglo, desde la Ley de Derechos Civiles, los republicanos se han convertido en un partido predominantemente blanco interesado —como Trump declaró abiertamente— en mantener el número de votantes, y en particular el número de votantes negros, lo más bajo posible. Sin embargo, el hilo conductor sigue siendo el mismo. Al ver a los supremacistas blancos entre la gente que asaltaba el Capitolio, era fácil ceder a la sensación de que algo puro había sido violado. Sería mejor ver el episodio como parte de una larga discusión estadounidense sobre quién merece ser representado.Los demócratas se han convertido en una coalición, una que lo hace mejor que los republicanos entre los votantes femeninos y no blancos y consigue votos tanto de los sindicatos como de los universitarios. Sin embargo, no es del todo correcto contrastar esta coalición con un Partido Republicano monolítico. En este momento, el Partido Republicano es una coalición de dos tipos de personas: aquellos que jugarían con el sistema (la mayoría de los políticos, algunos de los votantes) y aquellos que sueñan con romperlo (algunos de los políticos, muchos de los votantes). En enero de 2021, esto fue visible como la diferencia entre los republicanos que defendían el sistema actual con el argumento de que les favorecía y los que trataban de derribarlo.En las cuatro décadas desde la elección de Ronald Reagan, los republicanos han superado la tensión entre los jugadores y los rupturistas gobernando en oposición al gobierno, o llamando a las elecciones una revolución (el Tea Party), o afirmando que se oponen a las élites. Los rupturistas, en este arreglo, proporcionan una cobertura a los jugadores, al presentar una ideología que distrae de la realidad básica de que el gobierno bajo los republicanos no se hace más pequeño sino que simplemente se desvía para servir a una serie de intereses..css-1xzcza9{list-style-type:disc;padding-inline-start:1em;}.css-c7gg1r{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:0.875rem;margin-bottom:15px;color:#121212 !important;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-c7gg1r{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:0.9375rem;}}.css-rqynmc{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;color:#333;margin-bottom:0.78125rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-rqynmc{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.5rem;margin-bottom:0.9375rem;}}.css-rqynmc strong{font-weight:600;}.css-rqynmc em{font-style:italic;}.css-yoay6m{margin:0 auto 5px;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3125rem;color:#121212;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-yoay6m{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.4375rem;}}.css-1dg6kl4{margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:15px;}.css-16ed7iq{width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding:10px 0;background-color:white;}.css-pmm6ed{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-pmm6ed > :not(:first-child){margin-left:5px;}.css-5gimkt{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.03em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.03em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.03em;letter-spacing:0.03em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#333;}.css-5gimkt:after{content:’Collapse’;}.css-rdoyk0{-webkit-transition:all 0.5s ease;transition:all 0.5s ease;-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);}.css-eb027h{max-height:5000px;-webkit-transition:max-height 0.5s ease;transition:max-height 0.5s ease;}.css-6mllg9{-webkit-transition:all 0.5s ease;transition:all 0.5s ease;position:relative;opacity:0;}.css-6mllg9:before{content:”;background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,transparent,#ffffff);background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(270deg,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff);height:80px;width:100%;position:absolute;bottom:0px;pointer-events:none;}#masthead-bar-one{display:none;}#masthead-bar-one{display:none;}.css-1cs27wo{background-color:white;border:1px solid #e2e2e2;width:calc(100% – 40px);max-width:600px;margin:1.5rem auto 1.9rem;padding:15px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1cs27wo{padding:20px;}}.css-1cs27wo:focus{outline:1px solid #e2e2e2;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-rdoyk0{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg);}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-eb027h{max-height:300px;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-5gimkt:after{content:’See more’;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-6mllg9{opacity:1;}.css-k9atqk{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;}.css-k9atqk strong{font-weight:700;}.css-k9atqk em{font-style:italic;}.css-k9atqk a{color:#326891;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ccd9e3;}.css-k9atqk a:visited{color:#333;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;}.css-k9atqk a:hover{border-bottom:none;}Capitol Riot FalloutFrom Riot to ImpeachmentThe riot inside the U.S. Capitol on Wednesday, Jan. 6, followed a rally at which President Trump made an inflammatory speech to his supporters, questioning the results of the election. Here’s a look at what happened and the ongoing fallout:As this video shows, poor planning and a restive crowd encouraged by President Trump set the stage for the riot.A two hour period was crucial to turning the rally into the riot.Several Trump administration officials, including cabinet members Betsy DeVos and Elaine Chao, announced that they were stepping down as a result of the riot.Federal prosecutors have charged more than 70 people, including some who appeared in viral photos and videos of the riot. Officials expect to eventually charge hundreds of others.The House voted to impeach the president on charges of “inciting an insurrection” that led to the rampage by his supporters.Al principio, Trump parecía una amenaza para ese equilibrio. Su falta de experiencia en política y su racismo abierto lo hicieron una figura muy incómoda para el partido; al principio, republicanos prominentes consideraban que su hábito de mentir continuamente era grosero. Sin embargo, después de ganar la presidencia, sus particulares habilidades como rupturista parecían crear una tremenda oportunidad para los jugadores. Liderados por el jugador en jefe, McConnell, consiguieron cientos de jueces federales y recortes de impuestos para los ricos.Trump no se parecía a otros rupturistas porque parecía no tener ninguna ideología. Su objeción a las instituciones radicaba en que podían limitarlo personalmente. Tenía la intención de romper el sistema para servirse a sí mismo y, en parte, ha fracasado por eso. Trump es un político carismático e inspira devoción no solo entre los votantes sino también entre un sorprendente número de legisladores, pero no tiene una visión más grande que la suya o la que sus admiradores proyectan sobre él. En este sentido, su prefascismo no estuvo a la altura del fascismo: su visión nunca fue más allá de un espejo. Llegó a una mentira verdaderamente grande no desde cualquier visión del mundo sino desde la realidad de que podría perder algo.Sin embargo, Trump nunca preparó un golpe decisivo. Carecía del apoyo de los militares, algunos de cuyos líderes había alienado. (Ningún verdadero fascista habría cometido el error que cometió allí, que fue amar abiertamente a dictadores extranjeros; a los partidarios convencidos de que el enemigo estaba en casa podría no importarles, pero a los que juraron proteger de los enemigos en el extranjero sí les importó). La fuerza de policía secreta de Trump, los hombres que realizaban operaciones de secuestro en Portland, era violenta pero también pequeña y ridícula. Las redes sociales demostraron ser un arma contundente: Trump podía anunciar sus intenciones en Twitter, y los supremacistas blancos podían planear su invasión del Capitolio en Facebook o en Gab. Pero el presidente, a pesar de todas sus demandas, ruegos y amenazas a los funcionarios públicos, no podía maquinar una situación que terminase con las personas correctas haciendo lo incorrecto. Trump pudo hacer creer a algunos votantes que había ganado las elecciones de 2020, pero no pudo hacer que las instituciones se alinearan con su gran mentira. Y pudo traer a sus partidarios a Washington y enviarlos al Capitolio, pero ninguno parecía tener una idea muy clara de cómo funcionaría esto o de lo que su presencia lograría. Es difícil pensar en un momento insurreccional comparable —con la toma de un edificio de gran importancia— que implicó tanto trabajo.Una mujer que había sido rociada con gas pimienta se apoyó en la puerta este de la rotonda del Capitolio, a las 3:47 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesLa mentira dura más que el mentiroso. La idea de que Alemania perdió la Primera Guerra Mundial en 1918 por una “puñalada por la espalda” judía tenía 15 años cuando Hitler llegó al poder. ¿Cómo funcionará el mito de la victimización de Trump en la vida estadounidense dentro de 15 años? ¿Y en beneficio de quién?El 7 de enero, Trump pidió una transición pacífica del poder, admitiendo implícitamente que su golpe de Estado había fracasado. Sin embargo, volvió a repetir e incluso amplió su ficción electoral: ahora era una causa sagrada por la que la gente se había sacrificado. La puñalada por la espalda imaginaria de Trump vivirá principalmente gracias a su respaldo por los miembros del Congreso. En noviembre y diciembre de 2020, los republicanos lo repitieron, dándole una vida que de otra manera no hubiera tenido. En retrospectiva, ahora parece como si el último compromiso tambaleante entre los jugadores y los rupturistas fuera la idea de que Trump debería tener todas las oportunidades de probar que se le había hecho mal. Esa posición apoyaba implícitamente la gran mentira de los partidarios de Trump que se inclinaban a creerla. No pudo contener a Trump, cuya gran mentira solo se hizo más grande.En ese momento, los rupturistas y los jugadores vieron un mundo diferente por delante, donde la gran mentira era un tesoro que había que tener o un peligro que había que evitar. Los rupturistas no tuvieron más remedio que apresurarse a ser los primeros en afirmar que creían en ella. Debido a que los rupturistas Josh Hawley y Ted Cruz deben competir para reclamar el azufre y la bilis, los jugadores se vieron obligados a revelar su propia mano, y la división dentro de la coalición republicana se hizo visible el 6 de enero. La invasión del Capitolio solo reforzó esta división. Por supuesto, algunos senadores retiraron sus objeciones, pero Cruz y Hawley siguieron adelante de todos modos, junto con otros seis senadores. Más de 100 representantes doblaron su apuesta en la gran mentira. Algunos, como Matt Gaetz, incluso añadieron sus propias florituras, como la afirmación de que la turba no estaba liderada por los partidarios de Trump sino por sus oponentes.Trump es, por ahora, el mártir en jefe, el sumo sacerdote de la gran mentira. Él es el líder de los rupturistas, al menos en la mente de sus partidarios. Por ahora, los jugadores no quieren a Trump cerca. Desacreditado en sus últimas semanas, es inútil; despojado de las obligaciones de la presidencia, volverá a ser embarazoso, como lo fue en 2015. Incapaz de proporcionar una cobertura para jugar astutamente, será irrelevante para sus propósitos diarios. Pero los rupturistas tienen una razón aún más fuerte para buscar la desaparición de Trump: es imposible heredar de alguien que todavía está por aquí. Aprovechar la gran mentira de Trump podría parecer un gesto de apoyo. De hecho, expresa un deseo de su muerte política. Transformar el mito de uno sobre Trump a uno sobre la nación será más fácil cuando esté fuera del camino.Como Cruz y Hawley pueden aprender, decir la gran mentira es ser propiedad de ella. Solo porque hayas vendido tu alma no significa que hayas hecho un buen negocio. Hawley no tiene ningún nivel de hipocresía; hijo de un banquero, educado en la Universidad de Stanford y en la Escuela de Derecho de Yale, denuncia a las élites. En la medida en que se pensaba que Cruz se apegaba a un principio, el de los derechos de los estados, que los llamados a la acción de Trump violaban descaradamente. Una declaración conjunta que Cruz emitió sobre la impugnación de los senadores al voto captó muy bien el aspecto posverdadero del conjunto: nunca alegó que hubiera fraude, solo que había alegaciones de fraude. Alegaciones de alegaciones, alegaciones hasta el final.Una mezcla de gas lacrimógeno lanzado por la policía y residuos de extintores de incendios descargados por extremistas pro-Trump flotaba en el aire de la Rotonda mientras la multitud merodeaba alrededor, a las 2:38 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesLa gran mentira requiere compromiso. Cuando los jugadores republicanos no se arriesgan lo suficiente, los rupturistas republicanos los llaman “RINO”, que en inglés es la sigla de “republicanos solo de nombre”. Este término alguna vez sugirió una falta de compromiso ideológico. Ahora significa una falta de voluntad para echar abajo una elección. Los jugadores, en respuesta, cierran filas en torno a la Constitución y hablan de principios y tradiciones. Todos los rupturistas deben saber (con la posible excepción del senador por Alabama Tommy Tuberville) que están participando en una farsa, pero tendrán una audiencia de decenas de millones que no lo saben.Si Trump sigue presente en la vida política estadounidense, seguramente repetirá su gran mentira incesantemente. Hawley, Cruz y los otros rupturistas comparten la responsabilidad de lo que eso desencadenará. Cruz y Hawley parecen estar postulándose para la presidencia. ¿Pero qué significa ser candidato a la presidencia y denunciar el voto? Si afirmas que el otro lado ha hecho trampa, y tus partidarios te creen, esperarán que te engañes a ti mismo. Al defender la gran mentira de Trump el 6 de enero, ellos sentaron un precedente: un candidato presidencial republicano que pierde una elección debe ser nombrado de todos modos por el Congreso. Los republicanos en el futuro, por lo menos los candidatos a presidente de la ruptura, presumiblemente tendrán un Plan A, para ganar y ganar, y un Plan B, para perder y ganar. No es necesario el fraude; solo las alegaciones de que hay alegaciones de fraude. La verdad debe ser remplazada por el espectáculo, los hechos por la fe.El intento de golpe de Trump de 2020-21, como otros intentos fallidos de golpe, es una advertencia para quienes se preocupan por el Estado de derecho y una lección para aquellos que no lo hacen. Su prefascismo reveló una posibilidad para la política estadounidense. Para que un golpe de Estado funcione en 2024, los rupturistas necesitarán algo que Trump nunca tuvo: una minoría furiosa, organizada para la violencia nacional, dispuesta a añadir intimidación a las elecciones. Cuatro años de amplificación de una gran mentira podría darles eso. Afirmar que el otro lado robó una elección es prometer que tú también robarás una. También es afirmar que el otro bando merece ser castigado.Observadores informados dentro y fuera del gobierno están de acuerdo en que la supremacía blanca de la derecha es la mayor amenaza terrorista para Estados Unidos. La venta de armas en 2020 alcanzó un nivel asombroso. La historia muestra que la violencia política ocurre luego de que los líderes prominentes de los principales partidos políticos abrazan abiertamente la paranoia.Nuestra gran mentira es típicamente estadounidense, envuelta en nuestro extraño sistema electoral, y depende de nuestras particulares tradiciones de racismo. Sin embargo, nuestra gran mentira también es estructuralmente fascista, con su extrema mendacidad, su pensamiento conspirativo, su inversión de los perpetradores y las víctimas y su implicación de que el mundo está dividido entre nosotros y ellos. Para mantenerlo en marcha durante cuatro años hay que cortejar el terrorismo y el asesinato.Cuando esa violencia llegue, los rupturistas tendrán que reaccionar. Si la aceptan, se convierten en la facción fascista. El Partido Republicano estará dividido, al menos por un tiempo. Uno puede, por supuesto, imaginar una funesta reunificación: un candidato de la ruptura pierde una estrecha elección presidencial en noviembre de 2024 y grita fraude, los republicanos ganan ambas cámaras del Congreso y los alborotadores en la calle, educados por cuatro años de la gran mentira, exigen lo que ven como justicia. ¿Se mantendrían los jugadores con los principios si esas fueran las circunstancias del 6 de enero de 2025?Sin embargo, este momento también es una oportunidad. Es posible que un Partido Republicano dividido sirva mejor a la democracia estadounidense; que los jugadores, separados de los rupturistas, empiecen a pensar en la política como una forma de ganar elecciones. Es muy probable que el gobierno de Biden-Harris tenga unos primeros meses más fáciles de lo esperado; tal vez se suspenda el obstruccionismo, al menos entre unos pocos republicanos y por poco tiempo, para vivir un momento de cuestionamientos. Los políticos que quieren que el trumpismo termine tienen un camino sencillo: decir la verdad sobre las elecciones.Estados Unidos no sobrevivirá a la gran mentira solo porque un mentiroso esté separado del poder. Necesitará una reflexiva repluralización de los medios y un compromiso con los hechos como un bien público. El racismo estructurado en cada aspecto del intento de golpe es un llamado a prestar atención a nuestra propia historia. La atención seria al pasado nos ayuda a ver los riesgos pero también sugiere la posibilidad de futuro. No podemos ser una república democrática si decimos mentiras sobre la raza, grandes o pequeñas. La democracia no consiste en minimizar el voto ni en ignorarlo, ni en jugar ni en romper un sistema, sino en aceptar la igualdad de los demás, escuchar sus voces y contar sus votos.Timothy Snyder es el profesor de la cátedra Levin de historia en la Universidad de Yale y el autor de historias de atrocidades políticas como Tierras de sangre y Tierra negra, así como del libro Sobre la tiranía, sobre el giro de Estados Unidos hacia el autoritarismo. Su libro más reciente es Nuestra enfermedad, unas memorias de su propia enfermedad casi mortal que refleja la relación entre la salud y la libertad. Ashley Gilbertson es una fotoperiodista australiana de la VII Photo Agency que vive en Nueva York. Gilbertson ha cubierto la migración y los conflictos a nivel internacional durante más de veinte años.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More

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    McConnell Privately Backs Impeachment as House Moves to Charge Trump

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }The Trump ImpeachmentliveLatest UpdatesHouse Introduces ChargeMcConnell Said to Support ChargeHow Impeachment Might Work25th Amendment ExplainedAdvertisementContinue reading the main storySupported byContinue reading the main storyMcConnell Privately Backs Impeachment as House Moves to Charge TrumpThe House was poised to formally call on Vice President Mike Pence to move to wrest power from the president, as Republican support built for impeaching him of inciting violence against the nation.Senator Mitch McConnell, the majority leader, walking past security forces to his office during a break in the Senate session that reconvened last week after a mob of Trump supporters attacked the Capitol.Credit…Anna Moneymaker for The New York TimesJonathan Martin, Maggie Haberman and Jan. 12, 2021Updated 9:40 p.m. ETWASHINGTON — Senator Mitch McConnell has concluded that President Trump committed impeachable offenses and believes that Democrats’ move to impeach him will make it easier to purge Mr. Trump from the party, according to people familiar with Mr. McConnell’s thinking.The private assessment of Mr. McConnell, the most powerful Republican in Congress, emerged on the eve of a House vote to formally charge Mr. Trump with inciting violence against the country for his role in whipping up a mob of his supporters who stormed the Capitol while lawmakers met to formalize President-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s victory.In a sign that the dam could be breaking against Mr. Trump in a party that has long been unfailingly loyal to him, Representative Liz Cheney of Wyoming, the No. 3 Republican in the House, announced her intention to support the single charge of high crimes and misdemeanors, as other party leaders declined to formally lobby rank-and-file lawmakers to oppose it.“The president of the United States summoned this mob, assembled the mob, and lit the flame of this attack,” Ms. Cheney said in a statement. “There has never been a greater betrayal by a president of the United States of his office and his oath to the Constitution.”Even before Mr. McConnell’s position was known and Ms. Cheney had announced her plans, advisers to the Senate Republican leader had already privately speculated that a dozen Republican senators — and possibly more — could ultimately vote to convict Mr. Trump in a Senate trial that would follow his impeachment by the House. Seventeen Republicans would most likely be needed to join Democrats in finding him guilty. After that, it would take a simple majority to disqualify Mr. Trump from ever again holding public office.In the House, Representative Kevin McCarthy, the minority leader and one of Mr. Trump’s most steadfast allies in Congress, has asked other Republicans whether he ought to call on Mr. Trump to resign in the aftermath of last week’s riot at the Capitol, according to three Republican officials briefed on the conversations. While he has said he is personally opposed to impeachment, he and other party leaders did not mount an official effort to defeat the push, and Mr. McCarthy was working on Tuesday to build support for a censure resolution to rebuke the president for his actions.Taken together, the stances of Congress’s two top Republicans — neither of whom has said publicly that Mr. Trump should resign or be impeached — reflected the politically fraught and fast-moving nature of the crisis the party faces. After four years of backing the president at nearly every turn and refusing to condemn even his most extreme behavior, party leaders were racing to distance themselves from a president many of them now regard as a political and constitutional threat.Mr. McCarthy backed the electoral challenges Republicans lodged last week during Congress’s electoral count, voting twice to overturn Mr. Biden’s victory in key swing states even after the siege at the Capitol. Mr. McConnell had broken with Mr. Trump just as the rioters were breaching the building, warning of a descent into a “death spiral” for democracy if the efforts were to prevail.Mr. Trump has shown no trace of contrition. On Tuesday, in his first public appearance since the siege of the Capitol, he told reporters that his remarks to supporters at a rally that day — in which he exhorted them to go to the Capitol and “fight” so Republicans would reject the election results — had been “totally appropriate.” It was the specter of his impeachment, he said, that was “causing tremendous anger.” But with Twitter having suspended his account for good, Mr. Trump no longer has his favorite weapon to train on lawmakers who cross him, which could curtail the blowback they face for voting against him.Nonetheless, Mr. Trump’s advisers used their own Twitter feeds to highlight his hold on the party’s voters to keep Republicans in line. Jason Miller, a senior adviser, tweeted from an internal poll: “80% of Trump voters and 76% of Republicans in Battleground states are less likely to vote for a Member of Congress/U.S. Senator who votes for impeachment.”The Republican Party’s rapid turn against Mr. Trump unfolded as the House met into the night on Tuesday to debate and vote on a resolution formally calling on Vice President Mike Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment to strip the president of his powers, a move that Mr. Pence shot down hours before the House planned its action.In a letter to Speaker Nancy Pelosi, Mr. Pence argued that the amendment was meant to address medical emergencies or presidential “incapacity” and that using it as “a means of punishment or usurpation” would set a “terrible precedent.” In a veiled reference to impeachment, he urged Congress “to avoid actions that would further divide and inflame the passions of the moment” and pledged work in “good faith” with Mr. Biden’s transition team.“Last week, I did not yield to pressure to exert power beyond my constitutional authority to determine the outcome of the election, and I will not now yield to efforts in the House of Representatives to play political games at a time so serious in the life of our nation,” Mr. Pence wrote.With Mr. Pence refusing their call, Democrats planned a Wednesday vote on a single article of impeachment charging Mr. Trump with “inciting violence against the government of the United States.”The White House expected roughly two dozen Republicans to support the charge, according to a senior administration official who insisted on anonymity to share a private assessment. Along with Ms. Cheney, Representatives John Katko of New York, Adam Kinzinger of Illinois and Fred Upton of Michigan announced they would support the charge. Just over a year ago, House Republicans rallied unanimously against Democrats’ first impeachment of Mr. Trump.Forgoing a lengthy investigation, Democrats released a 76-page report collecting public information about the attack — including social media posts, news articles and other statements — and laying out a legal justification for impeachment.“It is true that the president’s remaining term is limited — but a president capable of fomenting a violent insurrection in the Capitol is capable of greater dangers still,” they wrote. “He must be removed from office as swiftly as the Constitution allows. He must also be disqualified to prevent the recurrence of the extraordinary threat he presents.”In the clearest sign to date that Ms. Pelosi plans to press the case to trial just as quickly as she brought it, she named nine Democrats as “managers” to serve as prosecutors in the Senate. Representative Jamie Raskin, Democrat of Maryland, will be the lead manager, she said. He will be joined by Representatives Diana DeGette of Colorado, David Cicilline of Rhode Island, Joaquin Castro of Texas, Eric Swalwell of California, Ted Lieu of California, Stacey Plaskett of the Virgin Islands, Joe Neguse of Colorado and Madeleine Dean of Pennsylvania.Mr. McConnell has indicated he wants to see the specific article of impeachment that the House is set to approve on Wednesday, and to hear the eventual arguments in the Senate. But the Senate Republican leader has made clear in private discussions that he believes now is the moment to move on from Mr. Trump, whom he blames for causing Republicans to lose the Senate. Mr. McConnell has not spoken to Mr. Trump since mid-December, when the senator informed the president he would be recognizing Mr. Biden as president-elect after the Electoral College certified it.David Popp, a spokesman for Mr. McConnell, declined to comment on Tuesday, instead pointing a reporter to a speech the Kentucky Republican made when he returned to the Senate floor after Wednesday’s siege.“This failed attempt to obstruct the Congress, this failed insurrection, only underscores how crucial the task before us is for our republic,” Mr. McConnell said as the Senate reconvened to complete the electoral count disrupted by the mob. “Our nation was founded precisely so that the free choice of the American people is what shapes our self-government and determines the destiny of our nation.”President Trump told reporters on Tuesday that his remarks to supporters had been “totally appropriate,” and that it was the specter of his impeaching that was “causing tremendous anger.”Credit…Doug Mills/The New York TimesOn Monday, Mr. Biden telephoned Mr. McConnell to ask whether it would be possible to set up a dual track that would allow the Senate to confirm Mr. Biden’s cabinet nominees and hold a Senate trial at the same time, according to officials briefed on the conversation who disclosed it on the condition of anonymity. Far from avoiding the topic of impeaching Mr. Trump, Mr. McConnell said it was a question for the Senate parliamentarian, and promised Mr. Biden a quick answer.After whipping votes to ensure Mr. Trump was not found guilty in the impeachment trial last year, Mr. McConnell has turned sharply against Mr. Trump. Last week, in a memo to Senate Republicans, he indicated it would be difficult to hold a trial before Jan. 20, but notably did not defend the president..css-1xzcza9{list-style-type:disc;padding-inline-start:1em;}.css-c7gg1r{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:0.875rem;margin-bottom:15px;color:#121212 !important;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-c7gg1r{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:0.9375rem;}}.css-rqynmc{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;color:#333;margin-bottom:0.78125rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-rqynmc{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.5rem;margin-bottom:0.9375rem;}}.css-rqynmc strong{font-weight:600;}.css-rqynmc em{font-style:italic;}.css-yoay6m{margin:0 auto 5px;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3125rem;color:#121212;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-yoay6m{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.4375rem;}}.css-1dg6kl4{margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:15px;}.css-16ed7iq{width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding:10px 0;background-color:white;}.css-pmm6ed{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-pmm6ed > :not(:first-child){margin-left:5px;}.css-5gimkt{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.03em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.03em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.03em;letter-spacing:0.03em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#333;}.css-5gimkt:after{content:’Collapse’;}.css-rdoyk0{-webkit-transition:all 0.5s ease;transition:all 0.5s ease;-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);}.css-eb027h{max-height:5000px;-webkit-transition:max-height 0.5s ease;transition:max-height 0.5s ease;}.css-6mllg9{-webkit-transition:all 0.5s ease;transition:all 0.5s ease;position:relative;opacity:0;}.css-6mllg9:before{content:”;background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,transparent,#ffffff);background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(270deg,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff);height:80px;width:100%;position:absolute;bottom:0px;pointer-events:none;}#masthead-bar-one{display:none;}#masthead-bar-one{display:none;}.css-1cs27wo{background-color:white;border:1px solid #e2e2e2;width:calc(100% – 40px);max-width:600px;margin:1.5rem auto 1.9rem;padding:15px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1cs27wo{padding:20px;}}.css-1cs27wo:focus{outline:1px solid #e2e2e2;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-rdoyk0{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg);}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-eb027h{max-height:300px;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-5gimkt:after{content:’See more’;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-6mllg9{opacity:1;}.css-k9atqk{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;}.css-k9atqk strong{font-weight:700;}.css-k9atqk em{font-style:italic;}.css-k9atqk a{color:#326891;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ccd9e3;}.css-k9atqk a:visited{color:#333;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;}.css-k9atqk a:hover{border-bottom:none;}The Trump ImpeachmentFrom Riot to ImpeachmentThe riot inside the U.S. Capitol on Wednesday, Jan. 6, followed a rally at which President Trump made an inflammatory speech to his supporters, questioning the results of the election. Here’s a look at what happened and at the ongoing fallout:This video takes a look inside the siege on the capitol. This timeline shows how a crucial two hour period turned a rally into the riot.Several Trump administration officials, including cabinet members Betsy DeVos and Elaine Chao, announced that they were stepping down as a result of the riot.Federal prosecutors have charged more than 70 people, including some who appeared in viral photos and videos of the riot. Officials expect to eventually charge hundreds of others.House Democrats have begun impeachment proceedings. A look at how they might work.Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the Democratic leader, called on Mr. McConnell to use emergency powers to call the Senate back for a trial as soon as the articles were adopted.“The bottom line is that Leader McConnell has the ability to call us back into session and we can then move to convict Donald Trump, draw on the impeachment trial and try him,” Mr. Schumer told reporters in New York. “And that’s what we hope McConnell will do.”But because the Senate is in recess, the two leaders must agree to do so or else a trial would begin no sooner than Jan. 19, when they return. The next day, with Mr. Biden’s inauguration, Democrats will take operational control of the Senate, where they will have a working majority by dint of Vice President-elect Kamala Harris’s power to cast tiebreaking votes.For Mr. McConnell and other Republicans, the crisis offered an opportunity to bar Mr. Trump from seeking the presidency again in 2024, as he has repeatedly mused with allies about doing.“Congressional Republicans must evaluate this latest Trump situation and look at the best long-term solutions for the country,” said Scott Reed, a longtime Republican strategist. “This is now totally about Trump, not his supporters, and a permanent purge must be on the table.”But that prospect has created a conundrum for Republicans who, understanding the deep affection for Mr. Trump among a powerful segment of their party’s core supporters, are concerned they could pay a steep political price for abandoning him.In the days since the attack, Mr. McCarthy has veered from asking Republican colleagues if he should call on Mr. Trump to resign to privately floating impeachment to his current posture, opposed to impeachment but open to a censure. After he and over 100 other House Republicans opposed the certification of the Electoral College, Mr. McCarthy is now finding anger and regret among his Republican colleagues and is moving to take a tougher line with the president.Reports emerged Monday from Axios that the House Republican leader had had an intense conversation with Mr. Trump, during which the president floated conspiracy theories about the rioters and Mr. McCarthy pushed back forcefully.Unlike Mr. McCarthy, Mr. McConnell strongly opposed the effort by Senators Josh Hawley of Missouri and Ted Cruz of Texas to object to electoral votes from certain states.Representative Kevin McCarthy, the minority leader, voted to oppose the certification of the Electoral College, along with well over half of his House Republicans colleagues.Credit…Stefani Reynolds for The New York TimesThe two senators have received a hefty share of criticism from across the ideological spectrum, but there has been fallout for other Republicans who joined their ranks as well.A number Republican lawmakers and aides were worried that Senator Rick Scott of Florida, who is taking over the party’s Senate campaign arm, would find it highly difficult to raise money with corporate America moving to freeze out Republicans who refused to certify the Electoral College. Americans for Prosperity and its political action committee, funded by the influential conservative Koch network, will evaluate future support of politicians based on their actions last week, its chief executive told The Wall Street Journal.Mr. Biden has made clear, in public and private, that he will not oppose the Democratic push to impeach Mr. Trump, even though his advisers and some lawmakers in his party are concerned about the impact it could have on his first days in office.When he spoke with Mr. McConnell about the matter, the Senate leader left Mr. Biden with a bit of welcome news.Mr. McConnell, who led the 2016 blockade against confirming Judge Merrick B. Garland when he was President Barack Obama’s nominee for the Supreme Court, told Mr. Biden that he would vote to confirm Judge Garland as attorney general.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More

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    Trump Is Blowing Apart the G.O.P. God Bless Him.

    AdvertisementContinue reading the main storyOpinionSupported byContinue reading the main storyTrump Is Blowing Apart the G.O.P. God Bless Him.There still will be a place for principled Republicans.Opinion ColumnistJan. 12, 2021Credit…Oliver Contreras for The New York TimesWhen all the facts come out about the treasonous attack on the U.S. Capitol inspired by President Trump, impeaching him three times won’t feel sufficient. Consider this Washington Post headline from Monday: “Video Shows Capitol Mob Dragging Police Officer Down Stairs. One Rioter Beat the Officer With a Pole Flying the U.S. Flag.”That said, while I want Trump out — and I don’t mind him being silenced at such a tense time — I’m not sure I want him permanently off Twitter and Facebook. There’s important work that I need Trump to perform in his post-presidency, and I need him to have proper megaphones to do it. It’s to blow apart this Republican Party.My No. 1 wish for America today is for this Republican Party to fracture, splitting off the principled Republicans from the unprincipled Republicans and Trump cultists. That would be a blessing for America for two reasons.First, because it could actually end the gridlock in Congress and enable us to do some big things on infrastructure, education and health care that would help ALL Americans — not the least those in Trump’s camp, who are there precisely because they feel ignored, humiliated and left behind.If just a few principled center-right Republicans, like Mitt Romney and Lisa Murkowski, abandoned this G.O.P. or were simply willing to work with a center-left Biden team, the Problem Solvers Caucus in the House and like-minded members in the Senate — the people who got the recent stimulus bill passed — would become stronger than ever. That’s how we start to dial down the madness coursing through our nation and get us back to seeing each other as fellow citizens, not enemies.Second, if the principled Republicans split from the Trump cult, the rump pro-Trump G.O.P. would have a very hard time winning a national election anytime soon. And given what we’ve just seen, these Trumpers absolutely cannot be trusted with power again.Think about what they’ve done. All these Trump-cult lawmakers willingly promoted Trump’s Big Lie. And think how big it was: Trump took the most heroic election in American history — an election in which more Americans voted than ever before, freely and fairly in the midst of a deadly pandemic — and claimed it was all a fraud, because he didn’t win. And then, on the basis of that Big Lie, eight Republican senators and 139 House members voted to nullify Joe Biden’s electoral victory. That is sick.That is why I hope the party splits. And here is why a still noisy Trump could be so helpful in breaking it.What is it that Senators Josh Hawley and Ted Cruz were dreaming of when they went full treason and tried to get Congress to reverse Biden’s win on the basis of the Big Lie? They were dreaming of a world of Trumpism without Trump. They thought that if they cravenly did Trump’s bidding now, once he was gone his base would be theirs.Hawley and Cruz are so power hungry, they would burn America to the ground if they thought they could be president of its ashes.But they’re fools. As Trump and his kids made clear at the rally that inspired some of his supporters to ransack the Capitol, the Trumps are interested only in Trumpism with Trumps.Or as Donald Trump Jr. explained to the soon-to-be rioters (whom Ivanka called “patriots”), the G.O.P. needed a wake-up. All those Republicans in Congress, said Don Jr., “did nothing to stop the steal. This gathering should send a message to them: This isn’t their Republican Party anymore. This is Donald Trump’s Republican Party.”You tell ’em, Donny. The more you insist on that, the more principled Republicans will have to leave. And since a recent Quinnipiac survey showed that more than 70 percent of Republicans still support Trump, you can be sure he will keep insisting it is his party and keep saying vile things that will constitute daily loyalty tests for all Republican lawmakers, forcing them to answer if they are with him or not. That stress will be enormous.Check out the video of what happened when some Trump cultists ran into Senator Lindsey Graham at Reagan National Airport after last week’s riot. They mercilessly cursed him out as a “traitor” because for weeks he was telling them that Biden’s victory was not legitimate and then, after the sacking of the Capitol, he declared it was legitimate. Graham needed police protection from the Trumpers just to get to his plane.As Don Jr. might have told Graham: “Didn’t you get the memo? The Trump family puts its name on EVERYTHING we own. It’s no longer the G.O.P. — it’s the T.R.P.: The Trump Republican Party. You sold us your soul. You can’t reclaim it now from a pawnbroker. We still own the base, which means we still own YOU.”Or not. This is a time for choosing for Republicans. The old straddle — “I would never let Trump coach my kid’s Little League team, but I love his tax cuts, Israel policies, judges or abortion position” — won’t work anymore. Trump has gone too far, and the base is still with him. So it really is his party. Every Republican is going to have to ask himself and herself: Is it still mine, too?If you look closely, there are actually four different Republican factions today: principled conservatives, cynically tactical conservatives, unprincipled conservatives and Trump cultists. In the principled conservatives camp, I’d put Romney and Murkowski. They are the true America firsters. While animated by conservative ideas about small government and free markets, they put country and Constitution before party and ideology. They are rule-abiders.In the cynically tactical conservative camp, which you could call the Mitch McConnell camp, I’d put all of those who tried to humor Trump for a while — going along with his refusal to acknowledge the election results until “all the legal votes were counted” — but once the Electoral College votes were cast by each state, slid into the reality-based world and confirmed Biden’s victory, some sooner than others.“I call them the ‘rule-benders,’” explained pollster Craig Charney. “They are ready to bend the rules but not break them.”The unprincipled Republicans — the “rule-breakers” in Charney’s lingo — are led by Hawley and Cruz, along with the other seditious senators and representatives who tried to get Congress to block its ceremonial confirmation of Biden’s election.Finally, there are the hard-core Trump cultists and QAnon conspiracy types, true believers in and purveyors of the Big Lie.I just don’t see how these four camps stay together. And for America’s sake, I hope they don’t.But Democrats will have a say in this, too. This is their best opportunity in years to get some support from center-right Republicans. Be smart: Ban the phrase “defund the police.” Talk instead about “better policing,” which everyone can get behind. Instead of “democratic socialism,” talk about “more just and inclusive capitalism.” And tone down the politically correct cancel culture on college campuses and in newsrooms. While it’s not remotely in the league of those trying to cancel a whole election, it’s still corrosive.I know, it looks real dark right now. But if you look at the diverse, high-quality center-left cabinet that Biden has assembled and the principled, center-right Republicans who are looking to be problem solvers, not Trump soldiers, maybe that light in the tunnel isn’t a train coming at us after all.The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips. And here’s our email: letters@nytimes.com.Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More

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    The American Abyss

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }The Presidential TransitionliveLatest UpdatesMoves to ImpeachHow impeachment Might WorkBiden Focuses on CrisesHow Mob Stormed CapitolThe police forced the crowd out of the Capitol building after facing off in the Rotunda, Jan. 6, 3:40 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesessayThe American AbyssA historian of fascism and political atrocity on Trump, the mob and what comes nextThe police forced the crowd out of the Capitol building after facing off in the Rotunda, Jan. 6, 3:40 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesSupported byContinue reading the main storyJan. 9, 2021, 1:02 p.m. ETWhen Donald Trump stood before his followers on Jan. 6 and urged them to march on the United States Capitol, he was doing what he had always done. He never took electoral democracy seriously nor accepted the legitimacy of its American version.Even when he won, in 2016, he insisted that the election was fraudulent — that millions of false votes were cast for his opponent. In 2020, in the knowledge that he was trailing Joseph R. Biden in the polls, he spent months claiming that the presidential election would be rigged and signaling that he would not accept the results if they did not favor him. He wrongly claimed on Election Day that he had won and then steadily hardened his rhetoric: With time, his victory became a historic landslide and the various conspiracies that denied it ever more sophisticated and implausible.People believed him, which is not at all surprising. It takes a tremendous amount of work to educate citizens to resist the powerful pull of believing what they already believe, or what others around them believe, or what would make sense of their own previous choices. Plato noted a particular risk for tyrants: that they would be surrounded in the end by yes-men and enablers. Aristotle worried that, in a democracy, a wealthy and talented demagogue could all too easily master the minds of the populace. Aware of these risks and others, the framers of the Constitution instituted a system of checks and balances. The point was not simply to ensure that no one branch of government dominated the others but also to anchor in institutions different points of view.In this sense, the responsibility for Trump’s push to overturn an election must be shared by a very large number of Republican members of Congress. Rather than contradict Trump from the beginning, they allowed his electoral fiction to flourish. They had different reasons for doing so. One group of Republicans is concerned above all with gaming the system to maintain power, taking full advantage of constitutional obscurities, gerrymandering and dark money to win elections with a minority of motivated voters. They have no interest in the collapse of the peculiar form of representation that allows their minority party disproportionate control of government. The most important among them, Mitch McConnell, indulged Trump’s lie while making no comment on its consequences.Yet other Republicans saw the situation differently: They might actually break the system and have power without democracy. The split between these two groups, the gamers and the breakers, became sharply visible on Dec. 30, when Senator Josh Hawley announced that he would support Trump’s challenge by questioning the validity of the electoral votes on Jan. 6. Ted Cruz then promised his own support, joined by about 10 other senators. More than a hundred Republican representatives took the same position. For many, this seemed like nothing more than a show: challenges to states’ electoral votes would force delays and floor votes but would not affect the outcome.Pro-Trump extremists tried to scale the walls of the Capitol building in Washington to bypass barriers and get inside, 2:09 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesYet for Congress to traduce its basic functions had a price. An elected institution that opposes elections is inviting its own overthrow. Members of Congress who sustained the president’s lie, despite the available and unambiguous evidence, betrayed their constitutional mission. Making his fictions the basis of congressional action gave them flesh. Now Trump could demand that senators and congressmen bow to his will. He could place personal responsibility upon Mike Pence, in charge of the formal proceedings, to pervert them. And on Jan. 6, he directed his followers to exert pressure on these elected representatives, which they proceeded to do: storming the Capitol building, searching for people to punish, ransacking the place.Of course this did make a kind of sense: If the election really had been stolen, as senators and congressmen were themselves suggesting, then how could Congress be allowed to move forward? For some Republicans, the invasion of the Capitol must have been a shock, or even a lesson. For the breakers, however, it may have been a taste of the future. Afterward, eight senators and more than 100 representatives voted for the lie that had forced them to flee their chambers.Rioters threatened and chased a police officer inside the Capitol, 2:13 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesPost-truth is pre-fascism, and Trump has been our post-truth president. When we give up on truth, we concede power to those with the wealth and charisma to create spectacle in its place. Without agreement about some basic facts, citizens cannot form the civil society that would allow them to defend themselves. If we lose the institutions that produce facts that are pertinent to us, then we tend to wallow in attractive abstractions and fictions. Truth defends itself particularly poorly when there is not very much of it around, and the era of Trump — like the era of Vladimir Putin in Russia — is one of the decline of local news. Social media is no substitute: It supercharges the mental habits by which we seek emotional stimulation and comfort, which means losing the distinction between what feels true and what actually is true.Post-truth wears away the rule of law and invites a regime of myth. These last four years, scholars have discussed the legitimacy and value of invoking fascism in reference to Trumpian propaganda. One comfortable position has been to label any such effort as a direct comparison and then to treat such comparisons as taboo. More productively, the philosopher Jason Stanley has treated fascism as a phenomenon, as a series of patterns that can be observed not only in interwar Europe but beyond it.My own view is that greater knowledge of the past, fascist or otherwise, allows us to notice and conceptualize elements of the present that we might otherwise disregard and to think more broadly about future possibilities. It was clear to me in October that Trump’s behavior presaged a coup, and I said so in print; this is not because the present repeats the past, but because the past enlightens the present.An angry mob confronted the police as it tried to gain entry into the Capitol, 2 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesLike historical fascist leaders, Trump has presented himself as the single source of truth. His use of the term “fake news” echoed the Nazi smear Lügenpresse (“lying press”); like the Nazis, he referred to reporters as “enemies of the people.” Like Adolf Hitler, he came to power at a moment when the conventional press had taken a beating; the financial crisis of 2008 did to American newspapers what the Great Depression did to German ones. The Nazis thought that they could use radio to replace the old pluralism of the newspaper; Trump tried to do the same with Twitter.Thanks to technological capacity and personal talent, Donald Trump lied at a pace perhaps unmatched by any other leader in history. For the most part these were small lies, and their main effect was cumulative. To believe in all of them was to accept the authority of a single man, because to believe in all of them was to disbelieve everything else. Once such personal authority was established, the president could treat everyone else as the liars; he even had the power to turn someone from a trusted adviser into a dishonest scoundrel with a single tweet. Yet so long as he was unable to enforce some truly big lie, some fantasy that created an alternative reality where people could live and die, his pre-fascism fell short of the thing itself.A bust of George Washington had a Trump hat placed on it, as intruders charged through the building, 2:34 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson for The New York TimesSome of his lies were, admittedly, medium-size: that he was a successful businessman; that Russia did not support him in 2016; that Barack Obama was born in Kenya. Such medium-size lies were the standard fare of aspiring authoritarians in the 21st century. In Poland the right-wing party built a martyrdom cult around assigning blame to political rivals for an airplane crash that killed the nation’s president. Hungary’s Viktor Orban blames a vanishingly small number of Muslim refugees for his country’s problems. But such claims were not quite big lies; they stretched but did not rend what Hannah Arendt called “the fabric of factuality.”One historical big lie discussed by Arendt is Joseph Stalin’s explanation of starvation in Soviet Ukraine in 1932-33. The state had collectivized agriculture, then applied a series of punitive measures to Ukraine that ensured millions would die. Yet the official line was that the starving were provocateurs, agents of Western powers who hated socialism so much they were killing themselves. A still grander fiction, in Arendt’s account, is Hitlerian anti-Semitism: the claims that Jews ran the world, Jews were responsible for ideas that poisoned German minds, Jews stabbed Germany in the back during the First World War. Intriguingly, Arendt thought big lies work only in lonely minds; their coherence substitutes for experience and companionship.In November 2020, reaching millions of lonely minds through social media, Trump told a lie that was dangerously ambitious: that he had won an election that in fact he had lost. This lie was big in every pertinent respect: not as big as “Jews run the world,” but big enough. The significance of the matter at hand was great: the right to rule the most powerful country in the world and the efficacy and trustworthiness of its succession procedures. The level of mendacity was profound. The claim was not only wrong, but it was also made in bad faith, amid unreliable sources. It challenged not just evidence but logic: Just how could (and why would) an election have been rigged against a Republican president but not against Republican senators and representatives? Trump had to speak, absurdly, of a “Rigged (for President) Election.”Outside the Capitol, the crowd cheered as rioters stampeded into the building, 2:10 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesThe force of a big lie resides in its demand that many other things must be believed or disbelieved. To make sense of a world in which the 2020 presidential election was stolen requires distrust not only of reporters and of experts but also of local, state and federal government institutions, from poll workers to elected officials, Homeland Security and all the way to the Supreme Court. It brings with it, of necessity, a conspiracy theory: Imagine all the people who must have been in on such a plot and all the people who would have had to work on the cover-up.The Presidential TransitionLatest UpdatesUpdated Jan. 8, 2021, 10:32 p.m. ETMore national security officials resign from a White House in turmoil.Josh Hawley faces blowback for role in spurious challenge of election results.Read the draft of a leading article of impeachment against Trump.Trump’s electoral fiction floats free of verifiable reality. It is defended not so much by facts as by claims that someone else has made some claims. The sensibility is that something must be wrong because I feel it to be wrong, and I know others feel the same way. When political leaders such as Ted Cruz or Jim Jordan spoke like this, what they meant was: You believe my lies, which compels me to repeat them. Social media provides an infinity of apparent evidence for any conviction, especially one seemingly held by a president.On the surface, a conspiracy theory makes its victim look strong: It sees Trump as resisting the Democrats, the Republicans, the Deep State, the pedophiles, the Satanists. More profoundly, however, it inverts the position of the strong and the weak. Trump’s focus on alleged “irregularities” and “contested states” comes down to cities where Black people live and vote. At bottom, the fantasy of fraud is that of a crime committed by Black people against white people.It’s not just that electoral fraud by African-Americans against Donald Trump never happened. It is that it is the very opposite of what happened, in 2020 and in every American election. As always, Black people waited longer than others to vote and were more likely to have their votes challenged. They were more likely to be suffering or dying from Covid-19, and less likely to be able to take time away from work. The historical protection of their right to vote has been removed by the Supreme Court’s 2013 ruling in Shelby County v. Holder, and states have rushed to pass measures of a kind that historically reduce voting by the poor and communities of color.The claim that Trump was denied a win by fraud is a big lie not just because it mauls logic, misdescribes the present and demands belief in a conspiracy. It is a big lie, fundamentally, because it reverses the moral field of American politics and the basic structure of American history.When Senator Ted Cruz announced his intention to challenge the Electoral College vote, he invoked the Compromise of 1877, which resolved the presidential election of 1876. Commentators pointed out that this was no relevant precedent, since back then there really were serious voter irregularities and there really was a stalemate in Congress. For African-Americans, however, the seemingly gratuitous reference led somewhere else. The Compromise of 1877 — in which Rutherford B. Hayes would have the presidency, provided that he withdrew federal power from the South — was the very arrangement whereby African-Americans were driven from voting booths for the better part of a century. It was effectively the end of Reconstruction, the beginning of segregation, legal discrimination and Jim Crow. It is the original sin of American history in the post-slavery era, our closest brush with fascism so far.If the reference seemed distant when Ted Cruz and 10 senatorial colleagues released their statement on Jan. 2, it was brought very close four days later, when Confederate flags were paraded through the Capitol.A rioter during the mayhem at the Capitol. He punched the door after being pepper-sprayed and forced out of the building, 3:45 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesSome things have changed since 1877, of course. Back then, it was the Republicans, or many of them, who supported racial equality; it was the Democrats, the party of the South, who wanted apartheid. It was the Democrats, back then, who called African-Americans’ votes fraudulent, and the Republicans who wanted them counted. This is now reversed. In the past half century, since the Civil Rights Act, Republicans have become a predominantly white party interested — as Trump openly declared — in keeping the number of voters, and particularly the number of Black voters, as low as possible. Yet the common thread remains. Watching white supremacists among the people storming the Capitol, it was easy to yield to the feeling that something pure had been violated. It might be better to see the episode as part of a long American argument about who deserves representation.The Democrats, today, have become a coalition, one that does better than Republicans with female and nonwhite voters and collects votes from both labor unions and the college-educated. Yet it’s not quite right to contrast this coalition with a monolithic Republican Party. Right now, the Republican Party is a coalition of two types of people: those who would game the system (most of the politicians, some of the voters) and those who dream of breaking it (a few of the politicians, many of the voters). In January 2021, this was visible as the difference between those Republicans who defended the present system on the grounds that it favored them and those who tried to upend it.In the four decades since the election of Ronald Reagan, Republicans have overcome the tension between the gamers and the breakers by governing in opposition to government, or by calling elections a revolution (the Tea Party), or by claiming to oppose elites. The breakers, in this arrangement, provide cover for the gamers, putting forth an ideology that distracts from the basic reality that government under Republicans is not made smaller but simply diverted to serve a handful of interests.At first, Trump seemed like a threat to this balance. His lack of experience in politics and his open racism made him a very uncomfortable figure for the party; his habit of continually telling lies was initially found by prominent Republicans to be uncouth. Yet after he won the presidency, his particular skills as a breaker seemed to create a tremendous opportunity for the gamers. Led by the gamer in chief, McConnell, they secured hundreds of federal judges and tax cuts for the rich.Trump was unlike other breakers in that he seemed to have no ideology. His objection to institutions was that they might constrain him personally. He intended to break the system to serve himself — and this is partly why he has failed. Trump is a charismatic politician and inspires devotion not only among voters but among a surprising number of lawmakers, but he has no vision that is greater than himself or what his admirers project upon him. In this respect his pre-fascism fell short of fascism: His vision never went further than a mirror. He arrived at a truly big lie not from any view of the world but from the reality that he might lose something.Yet Trump never prepared a decisive blow. He lacked the support of the military, some of whose leaders he had alienated. (No true fascist would have made the mistake he did there, which was to openly love foreign dictators; supporters convinced that the enemy was at home might not mind, but those sworn to protect from enemies abroad did.) Trump’s secret police force, the men carrying out snatch operations in Portland, was violent but also small and ludicrous. Social media proved to be a blunt weapon: Trump could announce his intentions on Twitter, and white supremacists could plan their invasion of the Capitol on Facebook or Gab. But the president, for all his lawsuits and entreaties and threats to public officials, could not engineer a situation that ended with the right people doing the wrong thing. Trump could make some voters believe that he had won the 2020 election, but he was unable to bring institutions along with his big lie. And he could bring his supporters to Washington and send them on a rampage in the Capitol, but none appeared to have any very clear idea of how this was to work or what their presence would accomplish. It is hard to think of a comparable insurrectionary moment, when a building of great significance was seized, that involved so much milling around.A woman who had been pepper-sprayed leaned on the eastern door to the Capitol’s rotunda, 3:47 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesThe lie outlasts the liar. The idea that Germany lost the First World War in 1918 because of a Jewish “stab in the back” was 15 years old when Hitler came to power. How will Trump’s myth of victimhood function in American life 15 years from now? And to whose benefit?On Jan. 7, Trump called for a peaceful transition of power, implicitly conceding that his putsch had failed. Even then, though, he repeated and even amplified his electoral fiction: It was now a sacred cause for which people had sacrificed. Trump’s imagined stab in the back will live on chiefly thanks to its endorsement by members of Congress. In November and December 2020, Republicans repeated it, giving it a life it would not otherwise have had. In retrospect, it now seems as though the last shaky compromise between the gamers and the breakers was the idea that Trump should have every chance to prove that wrong had been done to him. That position implicitly endorsed the big lie for Trump supporters who were inclined to believe it. It failed to restrain Trump, whose big lie only grew bigger.The breakers and the gamers then saw a different world ahead, where the big lie was either a treasure to be had or a danger to be avoided. The breakers had no choice but to rush to be first to claim to believe in it. Because the breakers Josh Hawley and Ted Cruz must compete to claim the brimstone and bile, the gamers were forced to reveal their own hand, and the division within the Republican coalition became visible on Jan. 6. The invasion of the Capitol only reinforced this division. To be sure, a few senators withdrew their objections, but Cruz and Hawley moved forward anyway, along with six other senators. More than 100 representatives doubled down on the big lie. Some, like Matt Gaetz, even added their own flourishes, such as the claim that the mob was led not by Trump’s supporters but by his opponents.Trump is, for now, the martyr in chief, the high priest of the big lie. He is the leader of the breakers, at least in the minds of his supporters. By now, the gamers do not want Trump around. Discredited in his last weeks, he is useless; shorn of the obligations of the presidency, he will become embarrassing again, much as he was in 2015. Unable to provide cover for their gamesmanship, he will be irrelevant to their daily purposes. But the breakers have an even stronger reason to see Trump disappear: It is impossible to inherit from someone who is still around. Seizing Trump’s big lie might appear to be a gesture of support. In fact it expresses a wish for his political death. Transforming the myth from one about Trump to one about the nation will be easier when he is out of the way.As Cruz and Hawley may learn, to tell the big lie is to be owned by it. Just because you have sold your soul does not mean that you have driven a hard bargain. Hawley shies from no level of hypocrisy; the son of a banker, educated at Stanford University and Yale Law School, he denounces elites. Insofar as Cruz was thought to have a principle, it was that of states’ rights, which Trump’s calls to action brazenly violated. A joint statement Cruz issued about the senators’ challenge to the vote nicely captured the post-truth aspect of the whole: It never alleged that there was fraud, only that there were allegations of fraud. Allegations of allegations, allegations all the way down.A mixture of tear gas discharged by police and fire-extinguisher residue discharged by pro-Trump extremists hung in the air of the Rotunda as the crowd milled about, 2:38 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesThe big lie requires commitment. When Republican gamers do not exhibit enough of that, Republican breakers call them “RINOs”: Republicans in name only. This term once suggested a lack of ideological commitment. It now means an unwillingness to throw away an election. The gamers, in response, close ranks around the Constitution and speak of principles and traditions. The breakers must all know (with the possible exception of the Alabama senator Tommy Tuberville) that they are participating in a sham, but they will have an audience of tens of millions who do not.If Trump remains present in American political life, he will surely repeat his big lie incessantly. Hawley and Cruz and the other breakers share responsibility for where this leads. Cruz and Hawley seem to be running for president. Yet what does it mean to be a candidate for office and denounce voting? If you claim that the other side has cheated, and your supporters believe you, they will expect you to cheat yourself. By defending Trump’s big lie on Jan. 6, they set a precedent: A Republican presidential candidate who loses an election should be appointed anyway by Congress. Republicans in the future, at least breaker candidates for president, will presumably have a Plan A, to win and win, and a Plan B, to lose and win. No fraud is necessary; only allegations that there are allegations of fraud. Truth is to be replaced by spectacle, facts by faith.Trump’s coup attempt of 2020-21, like other failed coup attempts, is a warning for those who care about the rule of law and a lesson for those who do not. His pre-fascism revealed a possibility for American politics. For a coup to work in 2024, the breakers will require something that Trump never quite had: an angry minority, organized for nationwide violence, ready to add intimidation to an election. Four years of amplifying a big lie just might get them this. To claim that the other side stole an election is to promise to steal one yourself. It is also to claim that the other side deserves to be punished.Informed observers inside and outside government agree that right-wing white supremacism is the greatest terrorist threat to the United States. Gun sales in 2020 hit an astonishing high. History shows that political violence follows when prominent leaders of major political parties openly embrace paranoia.Our big lie is typically American, wrapped in our odd electoral system, depending upon our particular traditions of racism. Yet our big lie is also structurally fascist, with its extreme mendacity, its conspiratorial thinking, its reversal of perpetrators and victims and its implication that the world is divided into us and them. To keep it going for four years courts terrorism and assassination.When that violence comes, the breakers will have to react. If they embrace it, they become the fascist faction. The Republican Party will be divided, at least for a time. One can of course imagine a dismal reunification: A breaker candidate loses a narrow presidential election in November 2024 and cries fraud, the Republicans win both houses of Congress and rioters in the street, educated by four years of the big lie, demand what they see as justice. Would the gamers stand on principle if those were the circumstances of Jan. 6, 2025?To be sure, this moment is also a chance. It is possible that a divided Republican Party might better serve American democracy; that the gamers, separated from the breakers, might start to think of policy as a way to win elections. It is very likely that the Biden-Harris administration will have an easier first few months than expected; perhaps obstructionism will give way, at least among a few Republicans and for a short time, to a moment of self-questioning. Politicians who want Trumpism to end have a simple way forward: Tell the truth about the election.America will not survive the big lie just because a liar is separated from power. It will need a thoughtful repluralization of media and a commitment to facts as a public good. The racism structured into every aspect of the coup attempt is a call to heed our own history. Serious attention to the past helps us to see risks but also suggests future possibility. We cannot be a democratic republic if we tell lies about race, big or small. Democracy is not about minimizing the vote nor ignoring it, neither a matter of gaming nor of breaking a system, but of accepting the equality of others, heeding their voices and counting their votes.Timothy Snyder is the Levin professor of history at Yale University and the author of histories of political atrocity including “Bloodlands” and “Black Earth.” His most recent book is “Our Malady,” a memoir of his own near-fatal illness reflecting on the relationship between health and freedom. Ashley Gilbertson is an Australian photojournalist with the VII Photo Agency living in New York. Gilbertson has covered migration and conflict internationally for over 20 years.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More

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    Did the Capitol Attack Break Trump’s Spell?

    AdvertisementContinue reading the main storyOpinionSupported byContinue reading the main storyDid the Capitol Attack Break the President’s Spell?Either the beginning of the end for Trump, or America.Opinion ColumnistJan. 7, 2021A scarf discarded at the Capitol after the mob incursion on Wednesday.Credit…Jason Andrew for The New York TimesIt was probably always going to come to this. Donald Trump has been telling us for years that he would not accept an electoral defeat. He has cheered violence and threatened insurrection. On Tuesday he tweeted that Democrats and Republicans who weren’t cooperating in his coup attempt should look “at the thousands of people pouring into D.C. They won’t stand for a landslide election victory to be stolen.” He urged his supporters to mass on the capital, tweeting, “Be there, will be wild!” They took him seriously and literally.The day after Georgia elected its first Black senator — the pastor, no less, of Martin Luther King Jr.’s church — and its first Jewish senator, an insurgent marched through the halls of Congress with a Confederate banner. Someone set up a noose outside. Someone brought zip-tie handcuffs. Lest there be any doubt about their intentions, a few of the marauders wore T-shirts that said “MAGA Civil War, Jan. 6, 2021.”If you saw Wednesday’s scenes in any other country — vandals scaling walls and breaking windows, parading around the legislature with enemy flags and making themselves at home in quickly abandoned governmental offices — it would be obvious enough that some sort of putsch was underway.Yet we won’t know for some time what the attack on the Capitol means for this country. Either it marked the beginning of the end of Trumpism, or another stage in the unraveling of American liberal democracy.There is at least some cause for a curdled sort of optimism. More than any other episode of Trump’s political career — more than the “Access Hollywood” tape or Charlottesville — the day’s desecration and mayhem threw the president’s malignancy into high relief. For years, many of us have waited for the “Have you no sense of decency?” moment when Trump’s demagogic powers would deflate like those of Senator Joseph McCarthy before him. The storming of Congress by a human 8chan thread in thrall to Trump’s delusions may have been it.Since it happened, there have been once-unthinkable repudiations of the president. The National Association of Manufacturers, a major business group, called on Vice President Mike Pence to consider invoking the 25th Amendment. Trump’s former attorney general Bill Barr, who’d been one of Trump’s most craven defenders, accused the president of betraying his office by “orchestrating a mob.”Several administration officials resigned, including Trump’s former chief of staff, Mick Mulvaney, who’d been serving as special envoy to Northern Ireland. In an interview with CNBC, Mulvaney was astonishingly self-pitying, complaining that people who “spent time away from our families, put our careers on the line to go work for Donald Trump,” will now forever be remembered for serving “the guy who tried to overtake the government.”Mulvaney’s insistence that the president is “not the same as he was eight months ago” is transparent nonsense. But his weaselly effort to distance himself is still heartening, a sign that some Republicans suddenly realize that association with Trump has stained them. When the rats start jumping, you know the ship is sinking.So Trump’s authority is ebbing before our eyes. Having helped deliver the Senate to Democrats, he’s no longer much use to Republicans like Mitch McConnell. With two weeks left in the president’s term, social media has invoked its own version of the 25th Amendment. Twitter, after years of having let Trump spread conspiracy theories and incite brutality on its platform, suddenly had enough: It deleted three of his tweets, locked his account and threatened “permanent suspension.” Facebook and Instagram blocked the president for at least the remainder of his term. He may still be able to launch a nuclear strike in the next two weeks, but he can’t post.Yet the forces Trump has unleashed can’t simply be stuffed back in the bottle. Most of the Republican House caucus still voted to challenge the legitimacy of Joe Biden’s election. And the MAGA movement’s terrorist fringe may be emboldened by Wednesday’s incursion into the heart of American government.“The extremist violent faction views today as a huge win,” Elizabeth Neumann, a former Trump counterterrorism official who has accused the president of encouraging white nationalists, told me on Wednesday. She pointed out that “The Turner Diaries,” the seminal white nationalist novel, features a mortar attack on the Capitol. “This is like a right-wing extremist fantasy that has been fulfilled,” she said.Neumann believes that if Trump immediately left office — either via impeachment, the 25th Amendment or resignation — it would temporarily inflame right-wing extremists, but ultimately marginalize them. “Having such a unified, bipartisan approach, that he is dangerous, that he has to be removed,” would, she said, send “such a strong message to the country that I hope that it wakes up a number of people of good will that have just been deceived.”In a Twitter thread on Thursday, Kathleen Belew, a scholar of the white power movement, wrote about how, in “The Turner Diaries,” the point of the assault on Congress wasn’t causing mass casualties. It was “showing people that even the Capitol can be attacked.”Trump’s mob has now demonstrated to the world that the institutions of American democracy are softer targets than most of us imagined. What happens to Trump next will tell us all whether this ailing country still has the will to protect them.The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips. And here’s our email: letters@nytimes.com.Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More

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    With Georgia Senate Wins, Democrats Solidify Power in Washington

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }The Presidential TransitionliveLatest UpdatesCalls for Impeachment25th Amendment ExplainedTrump Officials ResignHow Mob Stormed CapitolAdvertisementContinue reading the main storySupported byContinue reading the main storyWith Georgia Senate Wins, Democrats Solidify Power in WashingtonSenator Chuck Schumer will fulfill his ambition of becoming majority leader as Senator Mitch McConnell returns to heading the minority, shifting the policy agenda as Joe Biden takes office.Senator Chuck Schumer, the Democratic leader, leaving his office on Wednesday, with framed portraits of former majority leaders behind him.Credit…Erin Schaff/The New York TimesJan. 7, 2021Updated 7:34 p.m. ETWASHINGTON — The stunning Democratic wins in two Georgia Senate races this week upended Washington’s power structure overnight, providing an unexpected opening to the incoming Biden administration by handing unified control of Congress to Democrats, who will be tested by governing with spare majorities.The victories by Raphael Warnock and Jon Ossoff mean that Senator Chuck Schumer, Democrat of New York, will control the Senate floor rather than Senator Mitch McConnell, Republican of Kentucky and a man Democrats have long seen as the main impediment to their legislative ambitions.The momentous shift occurred even as a violent siege of the Capitol on Wednesday, egged on by President Trump, made clear the staunch refusal of his supporters to acknowledge President-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr. as the winner of the election, an explosive last gasp of Republican protest before Democrats assume full control. Thrust together at a secure location with top congressional leaders after being evacuated during the mayhem, Mr. McConnell found himself congratulating Mr. Schumer on his newfound status. In a wholesale change that will shift the policy agenda after Mr. Biden’s inauguration, liberals — including Senator Bernie Sanders of Vermont, the democratic socialist who will now lead the Budget Committee — will head Senate panels, rather than conservatives. Legislation from the Democratic-controlled House that had languished in the Senate will now get consideration across the Rotunda.The abrupt shift in circumstances invigorated Democrats who had been deflated in November when they failed to gain a Senate majority on Nov. 3 despite Mr. Biden’s victory. Given the traditional advantage Republicans have had in Georgia runoff elections, many Democrats had become resigned to the prospect that they would be sentenced to another two years in the Senate minority, stymied in delivering on Mr. Biden’s priorities.“We sure did not take the most direct path to get here, but here we are,” said Mr. Schumer, happy with the outcome any way he could get it, a result that put him in reach of fulfilling his ambition of becoming majority leader after four years as the chief of the minority.While the change in Senate control is momentous, particularly in easing the way for Mr. Biden to fill administration jobs and judicial vacancies, it does not mean that Democrats can have their way on everything — or even most things.The Democratic majority in the House shrank in the last election, emboldening Republicans and giving Speaker Nancy Pelosi less wiggle room in what is likely her last term. More than half of House Republicans voted to throw out certified presidential election results from Arizona and Pennsylvania overnight Wednesday and Thursday without evidence of fraud, reflecting both the extreme character of the House Republican conference and what is sure to be a reluctance to work with Mr. Biden.With the Senate divided 50 to 50 and Democrats in charge only by virtue of the tiebreaking power of the vice president, the filibuster also looms large. Democrats will need to attract at least 10 Republicans to advance most bills while contending with demands from the left for bolder action now that their party will control all of Congress.Democrats conceded the difficulties but still welcomed the reversal of fortune.“It is not all going to be easy, but it is certainly better than being 52-48 and President Biden playing ‘Mother, May I?’ with Leader McConnell in moving any legislation to the floor,” said Senator Chris Coons, Democrat of Delaware, one of the incoming president’s closest allies on Capitol Hill.Yet Mr. McConnell, newly elected to his seventh term, has been in the position of leading the minority before and has proved effective in obstructing Democratic priorities.The Presidential TransitionLatest UpdatesUpdated Jan. 7, 2021, 9:15 p.m. ETBetsy DeVos, education secretary, is second cabinet member to resign.Here’s what Trump’s cabinet members have said about the storming of the Capitol.Lawmakers fear a coronavirus outbreak after sharing close quarters in lockdown.During President Barack Obama’s first term, Democrats had a filibuster-proof 60 votes for a period, and Mr. McConnell still managed to confound Democrats while gradually chipping away at their majority. Republicans took control in 2015, mainly through emphasizing party unity against Democratic initiatives.As minority leader, Mr. McConnell can be expected to employ the same tactics while focusing on the 2022 midterm elections and seeking to regain his Senate power. That will make the first two years of Mr. Biden’s administration extremely important when it comes to accomplishing any major priority.Republicans said they recognized that the legislative environment will be drastically different.“It’s the agenda, an agenda shift — totally changed,” said Senator Shelley Moore Capito, Republican of West Virginia. “They’re going to have the ability to run things from the House and, you know, shift the emphasis.”When the Senate last had a 50-to-50 split in 2001, the two leaders, the Republican Trent Lott of Mississippi and the Democrat Tom Daschle of South Dakota, worked out a power-sharing agreement. But those two leaders had a much deeper relationship than Mr. McConnell and Mr. Schumer — they had worked cooperatively on the impeachment trial of President Bill Clinton — and the Senate was less polarized than it is today.Mr. Schumer and Mr. McConnell will need to engage in talks to come up with some sort of governing framework.“I assume in the next couple weeks, Schumer and Mitch will sit down and kind of figure out how this is going to work,” said Senator John Thune of South Dakota, the No. 2 Republican. “We had a little bit of a pattern back in 2000, but times have changed. It’s different now.”Perhaps the biggest difference will be the committee chairmen, representing a significant swing in ideology. Besides Mr. Sanders, for example, Senator Sherrod Brown, the progressive Ohio Democrat and strong labor ally, is set to be head of the Banking Committee and will have a markedly different agenda than that of the outgoing Republican chairman, Senator Michael D. Crapo of Idaho.Mr. Brown said his first order of legislative business would be addressing the effect of the coronavirus pandemic and relief provisions set to expire, including an eviction moratorium.“We need to fix a lot of the damage Trump’s done, and then there’s pent-up demand for a whole lot of things,” Mr. Brown said. “What do we do about climate and about racial inequality, about wealth inequality, about structural racism?”Among other notable committee changes would be Senator Ron Wyden of Oregon as head of the tax-writing Finance Committee, and Senator Richard J. Durbin of Illinois as chairman of the Judiciary Committee rather than Senator Charles E. Grassley of Iowa, who was a chief driver of the Republican push to install more than 200 conservative judges on the nation’s federal courts the past four years. Senator Patty Murray of Washington, an aggressive backer of health law changes, is in line for the health committee.With the even partisan split, Democrats have begun talking about employing a special legislative process called reconciliation that applies budget rules to eliminate the threat of a filibuster, but what can be accomplished with that approach is limited. Activists are encouraging Democrats to try to eliminate the 60-vote filibuster to take advantage of their power while they have it.“A window of opportunity like this may not come around again for a long while,” said Brian Fallon, a former Schumer aide and head of the progressive group Demand Justice. “It is almost overwhelming to think of all the opportunities for legislating that now exist, but the priority must be democratic reforms that make institutions like the Senate and our courts more aligned with the will of the people.”But a handful of centrist Democrats, including Senator Joe Manchin III of West Virginia and Jon Tester of Montana, have said they have no interest in gutting the filibuster, instead regarding it as a way to force the kind of compromise they think could restore the Senate’s ability to legislate.“Bipartisan legislation tends to stand the test of time, and so hopefully we continue to work together and have it be encouraged by the filibuster,” Mr. Tester said.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More

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    Cómo fue la invasión del Capitolio estadounidense

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    Así ganó Biden

    Los fallos en las encuestas

    ¿Trump perdió Pensilvania?

    Quién es el esposo de Harris

    La diversidad del voto latino

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