More stories

  • in

    Has Trump's Reckoning Come Too Late?

    body{ overflow: hidden; } body.show{ overflow: auto; } .coverimg{ opacity: 0; } body.show .coverimg{ opacity: 1; transition: opacity 1s 0.25s ease-in-out; } .leadin{ opacity: 0; } body.show .leadin{ opacity: 1; transition: opacity 0.75s ease-in-out; } .desktop_only{ display:block; } .mobile_only{ display:none; } @media screen and (max-width: 720px){ .desktop_only{ display:none; } .mobile_only{ display:block; } } Finally the […] More

  • in

    El abismo estadounidense

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }Capitol Riot FalloutInside the SiegeVisual TimelineNotable ArrestsCapitol Police in CrisisThe police forced the crowd out of the Capitol building after facing off in the Rotunda, Jan. 6, 3:40 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesEl abismo estadounidenseTrump, la turba y lo que viene después: observaciones de un historiador del fascismo y la atrocidad política.The police forced the crowd out of the Capitol building after facing off in the Rotunda, Jan. 6, 3:40 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesSupported byContinue reading the main story15 de enero de 2021Actualizado 08:30 ETRead in EnglishLire en françaisCuando Donald Trump se paró frente a sus seguidores el 6 de enero y los instó a marchar hacia el Capitolio de Estados Unidos, estaba haciendo lo que siempre había hecho. Nunca tomó en serio la democracia electoral ni aceptó la legitimidad de su versión estadounidense.Incluso cuando ganó, en 2016, insistió en que la elección fue fraudulenta, que se emitieron millones de votos falsos para su oponente. En 2020, sabiendo que iba detrás de Joe Biden en las encuestas, pasó meses afirmando que la elección presidencial estaba amañada y señalando que no aceptaría los resultados si no le favorecían. El día de las elecciones afirmó erróneamente que había ganado y luego endureció su retórica: con el tiempo, su victoria se convirtió en una avalancha histórica y las diversas conspiraciones que la negaban cada vez eran más sofisticadas e inverosímiles.La gente le creyó, lo que no es para nada sorprendente. Se necesita una gran cantidad de trabajo para educar a los ciudadanos a resistir la poderosa atracción de creer lo que ya creen, o lo que otros a su alrededor creen, o lo que le daría sentido a sus propias decisiones anteriores. Platón advirtió de un riesgo particular sobre los tiranos: que al final se verían rodeados de gente que siempre les dice que sí y de facilitadores. A Aristóteles le preocupaba que, en una democracia, un demagogo rico y talentoso pudiera dominar fácilmente las mentes de la población. Conscientes de estos y otros riesgos, los creadores de la Constitución de Estados Unidos instituyeron un sistema de pesos y contrapesos. No se trataba simplemente de asegurar que ninguna rama del gobierno dominase a las demás, sino también de anclar en las instituciones diferentes puntos de vista.Listen to This ArticleAudio Recording by AudmEn este sentido, la responsabilidad de la presión de Trump para anular una elección debe ser compartida por un gran número de miembros republicanos del Congreso. En vez de contradecir a Trump desde el principio, permitieron que su ficción electoral floreciera. Tenían motivos para hacerlo. Un grupo de integrantes del Partido Republicano se preocupa sobre todo por jugar con el sistema para mantener el poder, aprovechando al máximo las imprecisiones constitucionales, las manipulaciones y el dinero sucio para ganar las elecciones con una minoría de votantes motivados. No les interesa que colapse la peculiar forma de representación que permite a su partido minoritario un control desproporcionado del gobierno. El más importante de ellos, Mitch McConnell, permitió la mentira de Trump sin hacer ningún comentario sobre sus consecuencias.Sin embargo, otros republicanos vieron la situación de manera diferente: podrían realmente romper el sistema y tener el poder sin democracia. La división entre estos dos grupos, los que participan en el juego y los que quieren patear el tablero, se hizo muy evidente el 30 de diciembre, cuando el senador Josh Hawley anunció que apoyaría la impugnación de Trump al cuestionar la validez de los votos electorales el 6 de enero. En ese momento, Ted Cruz prometió su propio apoyo, junto con otros diez senadores. Más de un centenar de representantes republicanos asumieron la misma postura. Para muchos, esto lucía como un espectáculo más: las impugnaciones a los votos electorales de los estados forzarían retrasos y votos en el pleno pero no afectarían al resultado.Los extremistas pro-Trump intentan escalar las paredes del edificio del Capitolio en Washington para pasar las barreras y entrar, 2:09 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesSin embargo, que el Congreso obviara sus funciones básicas tenía un precio. Una institución elegida que se opone a las elecciones está invitando a su propio derrocamiento. Los miembros del Congreso que sostuvieron la mentira del presidente, a pesar de la evidencia disponible y sin ambigüedades, traicionaron su misión constitucional. Hacer de sus ficciones la base de la acción del Congreso les dio vigor. Ahora Trump podría exigir que los senadores y congresistas se sometan a su voluntad. Podía poner la responsabilidad personal sobre Mike Pence, a cargo de los procedimientos formales, para pervertirlos. Y el 6 de enero, ordenó a sus seguidores que ejercieran presión sobre estos representantes elegidos, lo que procedieron a hacer: asaltaron el edificio del Capitolio, buscaron gente para castigar y saquearon el lugar.Por supuesto que esto tenía sentido de cierto modo: si la elección realmente había sido robada, como los senadores y congresistas insinuaban, entonces ¿cómo se podía permitir que el Congreso siguiera adelante? Para algunos republicanos, la invasión del Capitolio debe haber sido una sorpresa, o incluso una lección. Sin embargo, para quienes buscaban una ruptura, puede haber sido un atisbo del futuro. Luego, ocho senadores y más de 100 representantes votaron a favor de la mentira que les obligó a huir de sus cámaras.Los insurrectos amenazaron y persiguieron al agente Eugene Goodman dentro del Capitolio, a las 2:13 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesLa posverdad es prefascismo, y Trump ha sido nuestro presidente de la posverdad. Cuando renunciamos a la verdad, concedemos el poder a aquellos con la riqueza y el carisma para crear un espectáculo en su lugar. Sin un acuerdo sobre algunos hechos básicos, los ciudadanos no pueden formar una sociedad civil que les permita defenderse. Si perdemos las instituciones que producen hechos que nos conciernen, entonces tendemos a revolcarnos en atractivas abstracciones y ficciones. La verdad se defiende particularmente mal cuando no queda mucho de ella, y la era de Trump —como la era de Vladimir Putin en Rusia— es una de decadencia de las noticias locales. Las redes sociales no son un sustituto: sobrecargan los hábitos mentales por los que buscamos estímulo emocional y comodidad, lo que significa perder la distinción entre lo que se siente verdadero y lo que realmente es verdadero.La posverdad desgasta el Estado de derecho e invita a un régimen de mitos. Estos últimos cuatro años, los estudiosos han discutido la legitimidad y el valor de invocar el fascismo en referencia a la propaganda trumpista. Una posición cómoda ha sido etiquetar cualquier esfuerzo como una comparación directa y luego tratar esas comparaciones como tabú. De manera más productiva, el filósofo Jason Stanley ha tratado el fascismo como un fenómeno, como una serie de patrones que pueden observarse no solo en la Europa de entreguerras sino más allá de esa época.Mi propia opinión es que un mayor conocimiento del pasado, fascista o no, nos permite notar y conceptualizar elementos del presente que de otra manera podríamos ignorar, y pensar más ampliamente sobre las posibilidades futuras. En octubre me quedó claro que el comportamiento de Trump presagiaba un golpe de Estado, y lo dije por escrito; esto no es porque el presente repita el pasado, sino porque el pasado ilumina el presente.Una turba furiosa se enfrentó a la policía mientras intentaba entrar en el Capitolio, a las 2:00 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesComo los líderes fascistas históricos, Trump se ha presentado como la única fuente de la verdad. Su uso del término fake news (“noticias falsas”) se hizo eco de la difamación nazi Lügenpresse (“prensa mentirosa”); como los nazis, se refirió a los reporteros como “enemigos del pueblo”. Como Adolf Hitler, llegó al poder en un momento en que la prensa convencional había recibido una paliza; la crisis financiera de 2008 hizo a los periódicos estadounidenses lo que la Gran Depresión le hizo a los diarios alemanes. Los nazis pensaron que podían usar la radio para remplazar el viejo pluralismo del periódico; Trump trató de hacer lo mismo con Twitter.Gracias a la capacidad tecnológica y al talento personal, Donald Trump mintió a un ritmo tal vez inigualado por ningún otro líder de la historia. En su mayor parte eran pequeñas mentiras, y su principal efecto era acumulativo. Creer en todas ellas era aceptar la autoridad de un solo hombre, porque creer en ellas era descreer en todo lo demás. Una vez establecida esa autoridad personal, el mandatario podía tratar a todos los demás como mentirosos; incluso tenía el poder de convertir a alguien de un consejero de confianza en un deshonesto sinvergüenza con un solo tuit. Sin embargo, mientras no pudiera imponer una mentira verdaderamente grande, una fantasía que crease una realidad alternativa en la que la gente pudiera vivir y morir, su prefascismo se quedó corto.Un busto de George Washington, con una gorra de Trump, mientras los intrusos recorrían el edificio, a las 2:34 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson para The New York TimesAlgunas de sus mentiras fueron, sin duda, de tamaño mediano: que era un hombre de negocios exitoso; que Rusia no lo apoyó en 2016; que Barack Obama nació en Kenia. Esas mentiras de tamaño medio eran la norma de los aspirantes a autoritaristas en el siglo XXI. En Polonia el partido de la derecha construyó un culto al martirio que giraba en torno a responsabilizar a los rivales políticos por el accidente de avión que mató al presidente de la nación. El húngaro Viktor Orban culpa a un número cada vez más reducido de refugiados musulmanes de los problemas de su país. Pero esas afirmaciones no eran grandes mentiras; se extendían pero no rompían lo que Hannah Arendt llamaba “el tejido de la realidad”.Una gran mentira histórica discutida por Arendt es la explicación de Joseph Stalin de la hambruna en la Ucrania soviética en 1932-33. El Estado había colectivizado la agricultura, y luego aplicó una serie de medidas punitivas contra Ucrania que provocaron la muerte de millones de personas. Sin embargo, la versión oficial era que los hambrientos eran provocadores, agentes de las potencias occidentales que odiaban tanto el socialismo que se estaban matando a sí mismos. Una ficción aún más grande, en el relato de Arendt, es el antisemitismo hitleriano: las afirmaciones de que los judíos dirigían el mundo, los judíos eran responsables de las ideas que envenenaban las mentes alemanas, los judíos apuñalaron a Alemania por la espalda durante la Primera Guerra Mundial. Curiosamente, Arendt pensaba que las grandes mentiras solo funcionan en las mentes solitarias; su coherencia sustituye a la experiencia y al compañerismo.En noviembre de 2020, al llegar a millones de mentes solitarias a través de las redes sociales, Trump dijo una mentira peligrosamente ambiciosa: que había ganado unas elecciones que, de hecho, había perdido. Esta mentira era grande en todos los aspectos pertinentes: no tan grande como “los judíos dirigen el mundo”, pero lo suficientemente grande. La importancia del asunto en cuestión era grande: el derecho a gobernar el país más poderoso del mundo y la eficacia y fiabilidad de sus procedimientos de sucesión. El nivel de mendacidad era profundo. La afirmación no solo era errónea, sino que también se hizo de mala fe, en medio de fuentes poco fiables. Cuestionaba no solo las pruebas sino también la lógica: ¿Cómo podría (y por qué debería) una elección haber sido amañada contra un presidente republicano pero no contra senadores y representantes republicanos? Trump tuvo que hablar, absurdamente, de una “Elección (para Presidente) amañada”.Afuera del Capitolio, la multitud aplaudía mientras los asaltantes entraban en el edificio a las 2:10 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesLa fuerza de una gran mentira reside en su demanda de que muchas otras cosas deben ser creídas o no creídas. Para dar sentido a un mundo en el que las elecciones presidenciales de 2020 fueron robadas se requiere desconfiar no solo de los reporteros y de los expertos, sino también de las instituciones gubernamentales locales, estatales y federales, desde los trabajadores electorales hasta los funcionarios electos, la Seguridad Nacional y hasta la Corte Suprema. Esto trae consigo, por necesidad, una teoría de la conspiración: imagina a toda la gente que debe haber estado en ese complot y a toda la gente que habría tenido que trabajar en el encubrimiento.La ficción electoral de Trump flota libre de la realidad verificable. Está defendida no tanto por hechos como por afirmaciones de que alguien más ha hecho algunas afirmaciones. La sensibilidad es que algo debe estar mal porque siento que está mal, y sé que otros sienten lo mismo. Cuando líderes políticos como Ted Cruz o Jim Jordan hablaban así, lo que querían decir era: crees mis mentiras, lo que me obliga a repetirlas. Las redes sociales proporcionan una infinidad de pruebas aparentes para cualquier condena, especialmente una aparentemente sostenida por un presidente.En la superficie, una teoría de la conspiración hace que su víctima parezca fuerte: ve a Trump como resistiendo a los demócratas, los republicanos, el Estado Profundo, los pedófilos, los satanistas. Sin embargo, más profundamente, invierte la posición de los fuertes y los débiles. El enfoque de Trump en las supuestas “irregularidades” y “estados disputados” se reduce a las ciudades donde los negros viven y votan. En el fondo, la fantasía del fraude es la de un crimen cometido por los negros contra los blancos.No es solo que el fraude electoral de los afroestadounidenses contra Donald Trump nunca haya ocurrido. Es que es todo lo contrario de lo que sucedió, en 2020 y en todas las elecciones estadounidenses. Como siempre, los negros esperaron más tiempo que los demás para votar y era más probable que sus votos fuesen impugnados. Era más probable que estuvieran sufriendo o muriendo a causa de la COVID-19, y menos probable que pudieran tomarse un tiempo fuera del trabajo. La protección histórica de su derecho al voto fue eliminada por el fallo de 2013 de la Corte Suprema en el caso del Condado de Shelby contra Holder, y los estados se han apresurado a aprobar medidas del tipo que históricamente reducen el voto de los pobres y las comunidades de color.La afirmación de que a Trump se le negó una victoria por fraude es una gran mentira, no solo porque atenta contra la lógica, describe mal el presente y exige creer en una conspiración. Es una gran mentira, fundamentalmente, porque invierte el campo moral de la política estadounidense y la estructura básica de la historia estadounidense.Cuando el senador Ted Cruz anunció su intención de impugnar el voto del Colegio Electoral, invocó el Compromiso de 1877, que resolvió la elección presidencial de 1876. Los comentaristas señalaron que esto no era un precedente relevante, ya que en ese entonces realmente habían graves irregularidades de los votantes y se produjo un impasse en el Congreso. Para los afroestadounidenses, sin embargo, la referencia aparentemente gratuita llevaba a otra parte. El Compromiso de 1877 —por el que Rutherford B. Hayes tendría la presidencia, siempre que retirara el poder federal del Sur— fue el mismo acuerdo por el que los afroestadounidenses fueron expulsados de las casillas de votación durante la mayor parte del siglo. Fue el fin de la Reconstrucción, el comienzo de la segregación, la discriminación legal y Jim Crow. Es el pecado original de la historia afroestadounidenses en la era posesclavitud, nuestro más cercano roce con el fascismo hasta ahora.Si la referencia parecía distante cuando Ted Cruz y 10 colegas senadores dieron a conocer su declaración el 2 de enero, se acercó mucho cuatro días después, cuando las banderas confederadas desfilaron por el Capitolio.Un camarógrafo de The Daily Caller, un sitio web de derecha, después de ser rociado con gas pimienta durante el caos en el Capitolio, a las 3:45 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesAlgunas cosas han cambiado desde 1877, por supuesto. En ese entonces, eran los republicanos, o muchos de ellos, los que apoyaban la igualdad racial; eran los demócratas, el partido del sur, los que querían el apartheid. Fueron los demócratas, en ese entonces, quienes llamaron fraudulentos los votos de los afroestadounidenses, y los republicanos quienes querían que fueran contados. Esto se ha invertido ahora. En el último medio siglo, desde la Ley de Derechos Civiles, los republicanos se han convertido en un partido predominantemente blanco interesado —como Trump declaró abiertamente— en mantener el número de votantes, y en particular el número de votantes negros, lo más bajo posible. Sin embargo, el hilo conductor sigue siendo el mismo. Al ver a los supremacistas blancos entre la gente que asaltaba el Capitolio, era fácil ceder a la sensación de que algo puro había sido violado. Sería mejor ver el episodio como parte de una larga discusión estadounidense sobre quién merece ser representado.Los demócratas se han convertido en una coalición, una que lo hace mejor que los republicanos entre los votantes femeninos y no blancos y consigue votos tanto de los sindicatos como de los universitarios. Sin embargo, no es del todo correcto contrastar esta coalición con un Partido Republicano monolítico. En este momento, el Partido Republicano es una coalición de dos tipos de personas: aquellos que jugarían con el sistema (la mayoría de los políticos, algunos de los votantes) y aquellos que sueñan con romperlo (algunos de los políticos, muchos de los votantes). En enero de 2021, esto fue visible como la diferencia entre los republicanos que defendían el sistema actual con el argumento de que les favorecía y los que trataban de derribarlo.En las cuatro décadas desde la elección de Ronald Reagan, los republicanos han superado la tensión entre los jugadores y los rupturistas gobernando en oposición al gobierno, o llamando a las elecciones una revolución (el Tea Party), o afirmando que se oponen a las élites. Los rupturistas, en este arreglo, proporcionan una cobertura a los jugadores, al presentar una ideología que distrae de la realidad básica de que el gobierno bajo los republicanos no se hace más pequeño sino que simplemente se desvía para servir a una serie de intereses..css-1xzcza9{list-style-type:disc;padding-inline-start:1em;}.css-c7gg1r{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:0.875rem;margin-bottom:15px;color:#121212 !important;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-c7gg1r{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:0.9375rem;}}.css-rqynmc{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;color:#333;margin-bottom:0.78125rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-rqynmc{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.5rem;margin-bottom:0.9375rem;}}.css-rqynmc strong{font-weight:600;}.css-rqynmc em{font-style:italic;}.css-yoay6m{margin:0 auto 5px;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3125rem;color:#121212;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-yoay6m{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.4375rem;}}.css-1dg6kl4{margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:15px;}.css-16ed7iq{width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding:10px 0;background-color:white;}.css-pmm6ed{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-pmm6ed > :not(:first-child){margin-left:5px;}.css-5gimkt{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.03em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.03em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.03em;letter-spacing:0.03em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#333;}.css-5gimkt:after{content:’Collapse’;}.css-rdoyk0{-webkit-transition:all 0.5s ease;transition:all 0.5s ease;-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);}.css-eb027h{max-height:5000px;-webkit-transition:max-height 0.5s ease;transition:max-height 0.5s ease;}.css-6mllg9{-webkit-transition:all 0.5s ease;transition:all 0.5s ease;position:relative;opacity:0;}.css-6mllg9:before{content:”;background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,transparent,#ffffff);background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(270deg,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff);height:80px;width:100%;position:absolute;bottom:0px;pointer-events:none;}#masthead-bar-one{display:none;}#masthead-bar-one{display:none;}.css-1cs27wo{background-color:white;border:1px solid #e2e2e2;width:calc(100% – 40px);max-width:600px;margin:1.5rem auto 1.9rem;padding:15px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1cs27wo{padding:20px;}}.css-1cs27wo:focus{outline:1px solid #e2e2e2;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-rdoyk0{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg);}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-eb027h{max-height:300px;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-5gimkt:after{content:’See more’;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-6mllg9{opacity:1;}.css-k9atqk{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;}.css-k9atqk strong{font-weight:700;}.css-k9atqk em{font-style:italic;}.css-k9atqk a{color:#326891;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ccd9e3;}.css-k9atqk a:visited{color:#333;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;}.css-k9atqk a:hover{border-bottom:none;}Capitol Riot FalloutFrom Riot to ImpeachmentThe riot inside the U.S. Capitol on Wednesday, Jan. 6, followed a rally at which President Trump made an inflammatory speech to his supporters, questioning the results of the election. Here’s a look at what happened and the ongoing fallout:As this video shows, poor planning and a restive crowd encouraged by President Trump set the stage for the riot.A two hour period was crucial to turning the rally into the riot.Several Trump administration officials, including cabinet members Betsy DeVos and Elaine Chao, announced that they were stepping down as a result of the riot.Federal prosecutors have charged more than 70 people, including some who appeared in viral photos and videos of the riot. Officials expect to eventually charge hundreds of others.The House voted to impeach the president on charges of “inciting an insurrection” that led to the rampage by his supporters.Al principio, Trump parecía una amenaza para ese equilibrio. Su falta de experiencia en política y su racismo abierto lo hicieron una figura muy incómoda para el partido; al principio, republicanos prominentes consideraban que su hábito de mentir continuamente era grosero. Sin embargo, después de ganar la presidencia, sus particulares habilidades como rupturista parecían crear una tremenda oportunidad para los jugadores. Liderados por el jugador en jefe, McConnell, consiguieron cientos de jueces federales y recortes de impuestos para los ricos.Trump no se parecía a otros rupturistas porque parecía no tener ninguna ideología. Su objeción a las instituciones radicaba en que podían limitarlo personalmente. Tenía la intención de romper el sistema para servirse a sí mismo y, en parte, ha fracasado por eso. Trump es un político carismático e inspira devoción no solo entre los votantes sino también entre un sorprendente número de legisladores, pero no tiene una visión más grande que la suya o la que sus admiradores proyectan sobre él. En este sentido, su prefascismo no estuvo a la altura del fascismo: su visión nunca fue más allá de un espejo. Llegó a una mentira verdaderamente grande no desde cualquier visión del mundo sino desde la realidad de que podría perder algo.Sin embargo, Trump nunca preparó un golpe decisivo. Carecía del apoyo de los militares, algunos de cuyos líderes había alienado. (Ningún verdadero fascista habría cometido el error que cometió allí, que fue amar abiertamente a dictadores extranjeros; a los partidarios convencidos de que el enemigo estaba en casa podría no importarles, pero a los que juraron proteger de los enemigos en el extranjero sí les importó). La fuerza de policía secreta de Trump, los hombres que realizaban operaciones de secuestro en Portland, era violenta pero también pequeña y ridícula. Las redes sociales demostraron ser un arma contundente: Trump podía anunciar sus intenciones en Twitter, y los supremacistas blancos podían planear su invasión del Capitolio en Facebook o en Gab. Pero el presidente, a pesar de todas sus demandas, ruegos y amenazas a los funcionarios públicos, no podía maquinar una situación que terminase con las personas correctas haciendo lo incorrecto. Trump pudo hacer creer a algunos votantes que había ganado las elecciones de 2020, pero no pudo hacer que las instituciones se alinearan con su gran mentira. Y pudo traer a sus partidarios a Washington y enviarlos al Capitolio, pero ninguno parecía tener una idea muy clara de cómo funcionaría esto o de lo que su presencia lograría. Es difícil pensar en un momento insurreccional comparable —con la toma de un edificio de gran importancia— que implicó tanto trabajo.Una mujer que había sido rociada con gas pimienta se apoyó en la puerta este de la rotonda del Capitolio, a las 3:47 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesLa mentira dura más que el mentiroso. La idea de que Alemania perdió la Primera Guerra Mundial en 1918 por una “puñalada por la espalda” judía tenía 15 años cuando Hitler llegó al poder. ¿Cómo funcionará el mito de la victimización de Trump en la vida estadounidense dentro de 15 años? ¿Y en beneficio de quién?El 7 de enero, Trump pidió una transición pacífica del poder, admitiendo implícitamente que su golpe de Estado había fracasado. Sin embargo, volvió a repetir e incluso amplió su ficción electoral: ahora era una causa sagrada por la que la gente se había sacrificado. La puñalada por la espalda imaginaria de Trump vivirá principalmente gracias a su respaldo por los miembros del Congreso. En noviembre y diciembre de 2020, los republicanos lo repitieron, dándole una vida que de otra manera no hubiera tenido. En retrospectiva, ahora parece como si el último compromiso tambaleante entre los jugadores y los rupturistas fuera la idea de que Trump debería tener todas las oportunidades de probar que se le había hecho mal. Esa posición apoyaba implícitamente la gran mentira de los partidarios de Trump que se inclinaban a creerla. No pudo contener a Trump, cuya gran mentira solo se hizo más grande.En ese momento, los rupturistas y los jugadores vieron un mundo diferente por delante, donde la gran mentira era un tesoro que había que tener o un peligro que había que evitar. Los rupturistas no tuvieron más remedio que apresurarse a ser los primeros en afirmar que creían en ella. Debido a que los rupturistas Josh Hawley y Ted Cruz deben competir para reclamar el azufre y la bilis, los jugadores se vieron obligados a revelar su propia mano, y la división dentro de la coalición republicana se hizo visible el 6 de enero. La invasión del Capitolio solo reforzó esta división. Por supuesto, algunos senadores retiraron sus objeciones, pero Cruz y Hawley siguieron adelante de todos modos, junto con otros seis senadores. Más de 100 representantes doblaron su apuesta en la gran mentira. Algunos, como Matt Gaetz, incluso añadieron sus propias florituras, como la afirmación de que la turba no estaba liderada por los partidarios de Trump sino por sus oponentes.Trump es, por ahora, el mártir en jefe, el sumo sacerdote de la gran mentira. Él es el líder de los rupturistas, al menos en la mente de sus partidarios. Por ahora, los jugadores no quieren a Trump cerca. Desacreditado en sus últimas semanas, es inútil; despojado de las obligaciones de la presidencia, volverá a ser embarazoso, como lo fue en 2015. Incapaz de proporcionar una cobertura para jugar astutamente, será irrelevante para sus propósitos diarios. Pero los rupturistas tienen una razón aún más fuerte para buscar la desaparición de Trump: es imposible heredar de alguien que todavía está por aquí. Aprovechar la gran mentira de Trump podría parecer un gesto de apoyo. De hecho, expresa un deseo de su muerte política. Transformar el mito de uno sobre Trump a uno sobre la nación será más fácil cuando esté fuera del camino.Como Cruz y Hawley pueden aprender, decir la gran mentira es ser propiedad de ella. Solo porque hayas vendido tu alma no significa que hayas hecho un buen negocio. Hawley no tiene ningún nivel de hipocresía; hijo de un banquero, educado en la Universidad de Stanford y en la Escuela de Derecho de Yale, denuncia a las élites. En la medida en que se pensaba que Cruz se apegaba a un principio, el de los derechos de los estados, que los llamados a la acción de Trump violaban descaradamente. Una declaración conjunta que Cruz emitió sobre la impugnación de los senadores al voto captó muy bien el aspecto posverdadero del conjunto: nunca alegó que hubiera fraude, solo que había alegaciones de fraude. Alegaciones de alegaciones, alegaciones hasta el final.Una mezcla de gas lacrimógeno lanzado por la policía y residuos de extintores de incendios descargados por extremistas pro-Trump flotaba en el aire de la Rotonda mientras la multitud merodeaba alrededor, a las 2:38 p. m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII para The New York TimesLa gran mentira requiere compromiso. Cuando los jugadores republicanos no se arriesgan lo suficiente, los rupturistas republicanos los llaman “RINO”, que en inglés es la sigla de “republicanos solo de nombre”. Este término alguna vez sugirió una falta de compromiso ideológico. Ahora significa una falta de voluntad para echar abajo una elección. Los jugadores, en respuesta, cierran filas en torno a la Constitución y hablan de principios y tradiciones. Todos los rupturistas deben saber (con la posible excepción del senador por Alabama Tommy Tuberville) que están participando en una farsa, pero tendrán una audiencia de decenas de millones que no lo saben.Si Trump sigue presente en la vida política estadounidense, seguramente repetirá su gran mentira incesantemente. Hawley, Cruz y los otros rupturistas comparten la responsabilidad de lo que eso desencadenará. Cruz y Hawley parecen estar postulándose para la presidencia. ¿Pero qué significa ser candidato a la presidencia y denunciar el voto? Si afirmas que el otro lado ha hecho trampa, y tus partidarios te creen, esperarán que te engañes a ti mismo. Al defender la gran mentira de Trump el 6 de enero, ellos sentaron un precedente: un candidato presidencial republicano que pierde una elección debe ser nombrado de todos modos por el Congreso. Los republicanos en el futuro, por lo menos los candidatos a presidente de la ruptura, presumiblemente tendrán un Plan A, para ganar y ganar, y un Plan B, para perder y ganar. No es necesario el fraude; solo las alegaciones de que hay alegaciones de fraude. La verdad debe ser remplazada por el espectáculo, los hechos por la fe.El intento de golpe de Trump de 2020-21, como otros intentos fallidos de golpe, es una advertencia para quienes se preocupan por el Estado de derecho y una lección para aquellos que no lo hacen. Su prefascismo reveló una posibilidad para la política estadounidense. Para que un golpe de Estado funcione en 2024, los rupturistas necesitarán algo que Trump nunca tuvo: una minoría furiosa, organizada para la violencia nacional, dispuesta a añadir intimidación a las elecciones. Cuatro años de amplificación de una gran mentira podría darles eso. Afirmar que el otro lado robó una elección es prometer que tú también robarás una. También es afirmar que el otro bando merece ser castigado.Observadores informados dentro y fuera del gobierno están de acuerdo en que la supremacía blanca de la derecha es la mayor amenaza terrorista para Estados Unidos. La venta de armas en 2020 alcanzó un nivel asombroso. La historia muestra que la violencia política ocurre luego de que los líderes prominentes de los principales partidos políticos abrazan abiertamente la paranoia.Nuestra gran mentira es típicamente estadounidense, envuelta en nuestro extraño sistema electoral, y depende de nuestras particulares tradiciones de racismo. Sin embargo, nuestra gran mentira también es estructuralmente fascista, con su extrema mendacidad, su pensamiento conspirativo, su inversión de los perpetradores y las víctimas y su implicación de que el mundo está dividido entre nosotros y ellos. Para mantenerlo en marcha durante cuatro años hay que cortejar el terrorismo y el asesinato.Cuando esa violencia llegue, los rupturistas tendrán que reaccionar. Si la aceptan, se convierten en la facción fascista. El Partido Republicano estará dividido, al menos por un tiempo. Uno puede, por supuesto, imaginar una funesta reunificación: un candidato de la ruptura pierde una estrecha elección presidencial en noviembre de 2024 y grita fraude, los republicanos ganan ambas cámaras del Congreso y los alborotadores en la calle, educados por cuatro años de la gran mentira, exigen lo que ven como justicia. ¿Se mantendrían los jugadores con los principios si esas fueran las circunstancias del 6 de enero de 2025?Sin embargo, este momento también es una oportunidad. Es posible que un Partido Republicano dividido sirva mejor a la democracia estadounidense; que los jugadores, separados de los rupturistas, empiecen a pensar en la política como una forma de ganar elecciones. Es muy probable que el gobierno de Biden-Harris tenga unos primeros meses más fáciles de lo esperado; tal vez se suspenda el obstruccionismo, al menos entre unos pocos republicanos y por poco tiempo, para vivir un momento de cuestionamientos. Los políticos que quieren que el trumpismo termine tienen un camino sencillo: decir la verdad sobre las elecciones.Estados Unidos no sobrevivirá a la gran mentira solo porque un mentiroso esté separado del poder. Necesitará una reflexiva repluralización de los medios y un compromiso con los hechos como un bien público. El racismo estructurado en cada aspecto del intento de golpe es un llamado a prestar atención a nuestra propia historia. La atención seria al pasado nos ayuda a ver los riesgos pero también sugiere la posibilidad de futuro. No podemos ser una república democrática si decimos mentiras sobre la raza, grandes o pequeñas. La democracia no consiste en minimizar el voto ni en ignorarlo, ni en jugar ni en romper un sistema, sino en aceptar la igualdad de los demás, escuchar sus voces y contar sus votos.Timothy Snyder es el profesor de la cátedra Levin de historia en la Universidad de Yale y el autor de historias de atrocidades políticas como Tierras de sangre y Tierra negra, así como del libro Sobre la tiranía, sobre el giro de Estados Unidos hacia el autoritarismo. Su libro más reciente es Nuestra enfermedad, unas memorias de su propia enfermedad casi mortal que refleja la relación entre la salud y la libertad. Ashley Gilbertson es una fotoperiodista australiana de la VII Photo Agency que vive en Nueva York. Gilbertson ha cubierto la migración y los conflictos a nivel internacional durante más de veinte años.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More

  • in

    Trump Ignites a War Within the Church

    AdvertisementContinue reading the main storyOpinionSupported byContinue reading the main storyTrump Ignites a War Within the ChurchAfter a week of Trumpist mayhem, white evangelicals wrestle with what they’ve become.Opinion ColumnistJan. 14, 2021, 4:18 p.m. ETTrump supporters brought a cross to pray outside the U.S. Capitol as Congress met to ratify Joe Biden’s electoral victory last week.Credit…Win Mcnamee/Getty Images“Over the last 72 hours, I have received multiple death threats and thousands upon thousands of emails from Christians saying the nastiest and most vulgar things I have ever heard toward my family and ministry. I have been labeled a coward, sellout, a traitor to the Holy Spirit, and cussed out at least 500 times.”This is the beginning of a Facebook post from Sunday by the conservative preacher Jeremiah Johnson. On Jan. 7, the day after the storming of the Capitol, Johnson had issued a public apology, asserting that God removed Donald Trump from office because of his pride and arrogance, and to humble those, like Johnson, who had fervently supported him.The response was swift and vicious. As he put it in that later Facebook post, “I have been flabbergasted at the barrage of continued conspiracy theories being sent every minute our way and the pure hatred being unleashed. To my great heartache, I’m convinced parts of the prophetic/charismatic movement are far SICKER than I could have ever dreamed of.”This is what is happening inside evangelical Christianity and within conservatism right now. As a conservative Christian friend of mine put it, there is strife within every family, within every congregation, and it may take generations to recover.On the one hand, there are those who are doubling down on their Trump fanaticism and their delusion that a Biden presidency will destroy America.“I rebuke the news in the name of Jesus. We ask that this false garbage come to an end,” the conservative pastor Tim Remington preached from the pulpit in Idaho on Sunday. “It’s the lies, communism, socialism.”The violent Know-Nothingism, which has always coursed through American history, is once again a torrent, threatening more violence in the days ahead.On the other hand, many Trump supporters have been shaken to the core by the sight of a sacrilegious mob blasting Christian pop music and chanting “Hang Mike Pence.” There have been defections and second thoughts. The Rev. Samuel Rodriguez, who delivered a prayer at the Trump inaugural, told his congregation Sunday, “We must all repent, even the church needs to repent.”The Trump-supporting Texas pastor John Hagee declared: “This was an assault on law. Attacking the Capitol was not patriotism, it was anarchy.”After staying basically level for four years, Trump’s approval ratings dropped roughly 10 points across several polls in a week. The most popular piece on the Christianity Today website is headlined, “We Worship With the Magi, Not MAGA.” In the world of secular conservatism, The Wall Street Journal editorial page called on Trump to resign. Addressing Trump supporters, the conservative talk show host Erick Erickson wrote, “Everything — from the storming of the Capitol to people getting killed to social networks banning you to corporations not giving you money — everything is a logical consequence of you people lying relentlessly for two months and taking advantage of American patriots.”One core feature of Trumpism is that it forces you to betray every other commitment you might have: to the truth, moral character, the Sermon on the Mount, conservative principles, the Constitution. In defeat, some people are finally not willing to sacrifice all else on Trump’s altar.The split we are seeing is not theological or philosophical. It’s a division between those who have become detached from reality and those who, however right wing, are still in the real world.Hence, it’s not an argument. You can’t argue with people who have their own separate made-up set of facts. You can’t have an argument with people who are deranged by the euphoric rage of what Erich Fromm called group narcissism — the thoughtless roar of those who believe their superior group is being polluted by alien groups.It’s a pure power struggle. The weapons in this struggle are intimidation, verbal assault, death threats and violence, real and rhetorical. The fantasyland mobbists have an advantage because they relish using these weapons, while their fellow Christians just want to lead their lives.The problem is, how do you go about reattaching people to reality?David French, the conservative Christian writer who fought in the Iraq war, says the way to build a sane G.O.P. is to borrow a page from the counterinsurgency handbook: Separate the insurgents from the population.That means prosecuting the rioters, impeaching the president and not tolerating cyberterrorism within a community or congregation.Others have to be reminded of the basic rules for perceiving reality. They have to be reminded that all truth is God’s truth; that inquiry strengthens faith, that it is narcissistic self-idolatry to think you can create your own truth based on what you “feel.” There will probably have to be pastors and local leaders who model and admire evidence-based reasoning, wrestling with ideas.On the left, leaders and organizations have arisen to champion open inquiry, to stand up to the cancel mobs. They have begun to shift the norms.The problem on the right is vastly worse. But we have seen that unreason is a voracious beast. If it is not confronted, it devours not only your party, but also your nation and your church.The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips. And here’s our email: letters@nytimes.com.Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More

  • in

    El día que Mike Pence se hartó de Trump

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }Capitol Riot FalloutliveLatest UpdatesInside the SiegeVisual TimelineNotable ArrestsFar-Right SymbolsAdvertisementContinue reading the main storySupported byContinue reading the main storyEl día que Mike Pence se hartó de TrumpDurante casi cuatro años, el vicepresidente se mordió la lengua frente a los impulsos de su jefe, algo que los críticos dicen que permitió lo peor del presidente. Así fue la semana en que resistió a los insultos y presiones de Trump.El vicepresidente Mike Pence en una sesión conjunta del Congreso convocada para confirmar el recuento del Colegio Electoral el miércoles 6 de enero.Credit…Erin Schaff/The New York TimesPeter Baker, Maggie Haberman y 13 de enero de 2021 a las 16:15 ETRead in EnglishWASHINGTON — Para el vicepresidente Mike Pence, el momento de la verdad había llegado. Luego de tres años y once meses de navegar las traicioneras aguas del ego del presidente Trump, después de tantos momentos de morderse la lengua y tragarse el orgullo en los que recurrió al silencio estratégico o a la adulación ampulosa para caerle bien a su jefe, otra vez el presidente lo maldecía.Trump estaba furioso de que Pence se rehusara a intentar anular la elección. En una serie de reuniones, el presidente lo había presionado sin cesar y alternaba entre la lisonja y la intimidación. Al final, justo antes de que Pence se marchara rumbo al Capitolio para supervisar el conteo de los votos electorales el miércoles pasado, Trump llamó a la residencia del vicepresidente para intentar presionarlo una última vez.“Puedes pasar a la historia como un patriota”, le dijo Trump, según dos personas que estaban al tanto de la conversación, “o puedes pasar a la historia como un cobarde”.El choque entre los dos funcionarios electos de mayor rango en Estados Unidos se desarrolló dramáticamente cuando el presidente excorió públicamente al vicepresidente en un mitin incendiario y envió a sus agitados seguidores al Capitolio, cuyo edificio invadieron, algunos coreando: “Cuelguen a Mike Pence”.Luego de que lo evacuaron al sótano, Pence se agazapó ahí durante horas mientras Trump tuiteaba un ataque en su contra en lugar de llamarlo para consultar si estaba seguro.Fue la ruptura extraordinaria de una alianza que ya había sobrevivido demasiados desafíos.El lugarteniente leal que casi nunca había estado en desacuerdo con el presidente, que había pulido cada una de las posibles fracturas al final llegó a un momento de decisión que no podía evitar. Iba a defender la elección a pesar del presidente y a pesar de la turba. Y pagaría el precio ante la base política que alguna vez había esperado aprovechar en su propia carrera hacia la Casa Blanca.“Pence enfrentaba una decisión entre su deber constitucional y su futuro político e hizo lo correcto”, dijo John Yoo, un experto jurídico al que recurrió la oficina de Pence. “Creo que era el hombre del momento en muchos sentidos, tanto para los demócratas como para los republicanos. Cumplió su deber a pesar de que debe de haber sabido, al hacerlo, que eso probablemente implicaba que jamás sería presidente”.Jeff Flake, exsenador por Arizona, uno de los críticos republicanos más francos de Trump y viejo amigo de Pence que se distanció de él por el presidente, dijo que le tranquilizó ver que el vicepresidente al fin había adoptado una postura.“Hubo muchos momentos en los que deseé que se hubiera separado, hablado, pero me alegra que lo haya hecho cuando lo hizo”, dijo Flake, “Desearía que lo hubiera hecho antes pero sin duda estoy agradecido de que lo hiciera ahora. Sabía que lo haría”.No todo el mundo fue tan benévolo con Pence y le criticaron al decir que seguir la Constitución no era precisamente algo por lo que hubiera que idolatrarlo y observaron que su deferencia hacia el presidente durante casi cuatro años fue lo que en primer lugar le permitió a Trump llevar a cabo su ataque a la democracia.“Me alegra que no haya transgredido la ley pero es difícil decir que alguien es valiente por no ayudar a derrocar nuestro sistema de gobierno democrático”, dijo el representante Tom Malinowski, demócrata por Nueva Jersey. “Tiene que entender que el hombre para el que ha estado trabajando y a quien ha defendido con lealtad es casi por completo el responsable de crear un movimiento en este país que busca colgar a Mike Pence”.El distanciamiento entre Trump y Pence ha dominado sus últimos días en el cargo, entre otras cosas porque el vicepresidente cuenta con el poder bajo la Vigésima Quinta Enmienda para destituir al presidente de su cargo con el apoyo del gabinete. La Cámara de Representantes votó el martes exigiendo que Pence tome esa medida o, de lo contrario, acusaría a Trump.El martes por la noche, Pence envió una carta a la congresista Nancy Pelosi en la que se rehusaba a tomar dicha medida. Pero Trump ya estaba tan ansioso al respecto que luego de cinco días de tratar con frialdad al vicepresidente, al fin lo invitó al Despacho Oval la noche del lunes para intentar enmendar la relación. La descripción oficial de la conversación, de una hora, es que fue “buena”; la descripción no oficial es que “no fue sustancial” y resultó “forzada”.Este enfrentamiento es la tercera vez en 20 años que un presidente saliente y un vicepresidente tuvieron conflicto en sus últimos días en el cargo. Luego de que el vicepresidente Al Gore perdió su campaña presidencial en 2000 tuvo una amarga pelea con el presidente Bill Clinton en el Despacho Oval sobre quién tenía la culpa. Ocho años más tarde, a días de dejar su mandato, el vicepresidente Dick Cheney reprendió al presidente George W. Bush por rehusarse a indultar a I. Lewis Libby Jr., el exjefe de personal del presidente, por perjurio en un caso de filtración de la CIA.Capitol Riot FalloutLatest UpdatesUpdated 13 de enero de 2021 a las 21:36 ETMore arrests are made in connection with Capitol attack, as lawmakers demand answers.Speaker Pelosi wants heavy fines for lawmakers who refuse to pass through House metal detectors.A Proud Boys supporter threatened violence against the Rev. Raphael Warnock, prosecutors said.Trump asumió el cargo sin una comprensión real del modo en que sus predecesores habían manejado las relaciones con sus compañeros de fórmula. En los primeros días, cuando quedó claro que no habría un organigrama o un proceso formal de toma de decisiones, Pence se convirtió en una presencia regular en el Despacho Oval, simplemente aparecía sin agenda y a menudo entraba a participar en alguna discusión para la que no había recibido material informativo.Cada mañana llegaba al Ala Oeste, se informaba sobre la hora en que el presidente iba a bajar de la residencia y sencillamente se instalaba en el Despacho Oval gran parte del día. Casi nunca se le invitaba formalmente a nada y su nombre rara vez aparecía en los registros oficiales de las reuniones. Sin embargo, casi siempre andaba por ahí.Calmado e imperturbable, Pence se convirtió en el confidente de los secretarios del gabinete y otros funcionarios que temían la ira de Trump y daba consejos sobre el mejor modo de tocar temas incómodos con el presidente sin provocarlo.No enojar a Trump era “uno de sus objetivos clave”, observó David J. Shulkin, exsecretario de Asuntos de Veteranos. “Intentaba con mucho empeño andar por una línea muy difícil”. Pero eso implicaba que a menudo las opiniones de Pence no eran claras.“¿Las políticas y declaraciones emitidas eran aquellas con las que él estaba completamente de acuerdo?”, preguntó Shulkin. “¿O se trataba de su estrategia, mejor estar en la sala, mejor ser una parte confiable para ayudar a moderar algunas de esas estrategias y el modo de lograrlo es no estar en desacuerdo en público? Creo que era de verdad difícil saber exactamente cuál era su posición”.Pence al final descubrió que la lealtad a Trump solo importa hasta que ya no importa. La tensión entre ambos había aumentado en los últimos meses y el presidente se quejaba en privado de Pence. Los aliados del vicepresidente creen que a Trump lo provocó en parte Mark Meadows, el jefe de personal de la Casa Blanca, quien le dijo que los colaboradores de Pence estaban filtrando información a la prensa. Eso ayudó a crear una atmósfera tóxica entre ambos incluso antes del día de la elección.Cuando los esfuerzos de Trump para anular los resultados de la elección fueron rechazados en cada ocasión por jueces y funcionarios estatales, a Trump se le dijo, incorrectamente, que el vicepresidente podría poner fin a la confirmación final de la elección del presidente electo, Joseph R. Biden..css-1xzcza9{list-style-type:disc;padding-inline-start:1em;}.css-c7gg1r{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:0.875rem;margin-bottom:15px;color:#121212 !important;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-c7gg1r{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:0.9375rem;}}.css-rqynmc{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;color:#333;margin-bottom:0.78125rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-rqynmc{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.5rem;margin-bottom:0.9375rem;}}.css-rqynmc strong{font-weight:600;}.css-rqynmc em{font-style:italic;}.css-yoay6m{margin:0 auto 5px;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3125rem;color:#121212;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-yoay6m{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.4375rem;}}.css-1dg6kl4{margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:15px;}.css-16ed7iq{width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding:10px 0;background-color:white;}.css-pmm6ed{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-pmm6ed > :not(:first-child){margin-left:5px;}.css-5gimkt{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.03em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.03em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.03em;letter-spacing:0.03em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#333;}.css-5gimkt:after{content:’Collapse’;}.css-rdoyk0{-webkit-transition:all 0.5s ease;transition:all 0.5s ease;-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);}.css-eb027h{max-height:5000px;-webkit-transition:max-height 0.5s ease;transition:max-height 0.5s ease;}.css-6mllg9{-webkit-transition:all 0.5s ease;transition:all 0.5s ease;position:relative;opacity:0;}.css-6mllg9:before{content:”;background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,transparent,#ffffff);background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(270deg,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff);height:80px;width:100%;position:absolute;bottom:0px;pointer-events:none;}#masthead-bar-one{display:none;}#masthead-bar-one{display:none;}.css-1cs27wo{background-color:white;border:1px solid #e2e2e2;width:calc(100% – 40px);max-width:600px;margin:1.5rem auto 1.9rem;padding:15px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1cs27wo{padding:20px;}}.css-1cs27wo:focus{outline:1px solid #e2e2e2;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-rdoyk0{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg);}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-eb027h{max-height:300px;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-5gimkt:after{content:’See more’;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-6mllg9{opacity:1;}.css-k9atqk{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;}.css-k9atqk strong{font-weight:700;}.css-k9atqk em{font-style:italic;}.css-k9atqk a{color:#326891;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ccd9e3;}.css-k9atqk a:visited{color:#333;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;}.css-k9atqk a:hover{border-bottom:none;}Capitol Riot FalloutFrom Riot to ImpeachmentThe riot inside the U.S. Capitol on Wednesday, Jan. 6, followed a rally at which President Trump made an inflammatory speech to his supporters, questioning the results of the election. Here’s a look at what happened and the ongoing fallout:As this video shows, poor planning and a restive crowd encouraged by President Trump set the stage for the riot.A two hour period was crucial to turning the rally into the riot.Several Trump administration officials, including cabinet members Betsy DeVos and Elaine Chao, announced that they were stepping down as a result of the riot.Federal prosecutors have charged more than 70 people, including some who appeared in viral photos and videos of the riot. Officials expect to eventually charge hundreds of others.The House has begun proceedings on an article of impeachment. It accuses the president of “inciting an insurrection” that led to the rampage by his supporters.El abogado de Pence, Greg Jacob, investigó el asunto y concluyó que el presidente no tenía tal autoridad. A instancias de Rudolph W. Giuliani y Jenna Ellis, dos de sus abogados, Trump insistió.La oficina de Pence solicitó más opiniones a constitucionalistas, entre ellos Yoo, un conservador destacado en la Universidad de California campus Berkeley que trabajó para el gobierno de Bush.La semana pasada, en el Despacho Oval, un día antes del conteo, Trump presionó a Pence en una serie de encuentros que sostuvieron, entre ellos una reunión que duró alrededor de una hora. John Eastman, un constitucionalista conservador de la Universidad Chapman, se encontraba presente y argumentó a Pence que sí disponía de tal facultad.A la mañana siguiente, horas antes de la votación, Richard Cullen, el abogado personal de Pence, llamó a J. Michael Luttig, un exjuez de la corte de apelaciones venerado por los conservadores, y para quien Eastman trabajó como secretario. Luttig aceptó escribir rápidamente su opinión de que el vicepresidente no tenía poder para cambiar el resultado y luego la publicó en Twitter.Minutos después, el personal de Pence incorporó el razonamiento de Luttig citándolo por nombre, en una carta que daba a conocer que el vicepresidente había decidido no intentar bloquear a los electores del Colegio Electoral. Cuando se le contactó el martes, Luttig dijo que haber ayudado a proteger la Constitución había sido “el mayor privilegio de mi vida”.Luego de la iracunda llamada en la que maldijo a Pence, Trump azuzó a sus seguidores en el mitin en contra de su propio vicepresidente. Aludiendo a los llamados “republicanos solo de nombre”, (RINOs, por su sigla en inglés), dijo: “Espero que no escuche a los RINOs y a la gente estúpida a la que escucha”.“Le tendió una trampa a Mike Pence ese día al ponerle esa carga”, dijo Ryan Streeter, quien fue consejero de Pence cuando el vicepresidente era gobernador de Indiana. “Es bastante inaudito en la política estadounidense. Que un presidente traicione así a su propio vicepresidente y aliente a sus seguidores a atacarlo es algo inconcebible para mí”.Para entonces, Pence ya estaba en su caravana rumbo al Capitolio. Cuando la turba irrumpió en el edificio, agentes del Servicio Secreto lo evacuaron a él, su esposa y sus hijos, primero a su oficina en otro piso y más tarde al sótano. Sus agentes le pidieron que abandonara el edificio pero él se rehusó. Desde ahí llamó a líderes legislativos, al secretario de Defensa y al presidente de la Junta de Jefes del Estado Mayor, pero no al presidente.Más tarde, un senador republicano diría que jamás había visto a Pence tan molesto, al sentirse traicionado por un presidente por el que había hecho tanto. Para Trump, dijo un asesor, el vicepresidente había entrado al “Territorio Sessions”, en alusión a Jeff Sessions, el procurador general al que el presidente humilló antes de despedirlo. (Un vicepresidente no puede ser despedido por un presidente).El día después del asedio al Congreso, el jueves, Pence evitó a Trump y no acudió a la Casa Blanca. Al día siguiente fue, pero se pasó gran parte de la jornada en el edificio de la Oficina Ejecutiva Eisenhower, donde organizó una fiesta de despedida para su personal.Pero sus colaboradores dijeron que Pence no quería convertirse en némesis a largo plazo de un presidente vengativo así que el lunes ya estaba de regreso en el Ala Oeste.A diferencia de Trump, Pence planea acudir a la toma de mando de Biden y luego espera dividir el tiempo entre Washington e Indiana, tal vez lance un comité de liderazgo político, escriba un libro o haga campaña por republicanos que postulan al Congreso.Pero sin importar lo que pase después, siempre será recordado por un momento. “Somos muy afortunados de que el vicepresidente no sea un fanático”, dijo Joe Grogan, quien hasta el año pasado fue consejero de política nacional para Trump. “De muchas maneras, creo que reivindica la decisión de Pence de haberse quedado hasta ahora”.Peter Baker es el corresponsal principal de la Casa Blanca y ha cubierto las gestiones de los últimos cuatro presidentes para el Times y The Washington Post. También es autor de seis libros, el más reciente de ellos se titula The Man Who Ran Washington: The Life and Times of James A. Baker III. @peterbakernyt • FacebookMaggie Haberman es corresponsal de la Casa Blanca. Se unió al Times en 2015 como corresponsal de campaña y fue parte del equipo que ganó un premio Pulitzer en 2018 por informar sobre los asesores del presidente Trump y sus conexiones con Rusia. @maggieNYTAnnie Karni es corresponsal de la Casa Blanca. Anteriormente cubrió la Casa Blanca y la campaña presidencial de 2016 de Hillary Clinton para Politico, y cubrió noticias locales y política en Nueva York para el New York Post y el New York Daily News. @AnnieKarniAdvertisementContinue reading the main story More

  • in

    Mike Pence Reached His Limit With Trump. It Wasn’t Pretty.

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }Capitol Riot FalloutliveLatest UpdatesInside the SiegeVisual TimelineNotable ArrestsIncitement to Riot?AdvertisementContinue reading the main storySupported byContinue reading the main storyPence Reached His Limit With Trump. It Wasn’t Pretty.After four years of tongue-biting silence that critics say enabled the president’s worst instincts, the vice president would not yield to the pressure and name-calling from his boss.Vice President Mike Pence officiated at a joint session of Congress convened to confirm the Electoral College tally on Wednesday. Credit…Erin Schaff/The New York TimesPeter Baker, Maggie Haberman and Jan. 12, 2021Updated 9:10 p.m. ETWASHINGTON — For Vice President Mike Pence, the moment of truth had arrived. After three years and 11 months of navigating the treacherous waters of President Trump’s ego, after all the tongue-biting, pride-swallowing moments where he employed strategic silence or florid flattery to stay in his boss’s good graces, there he was being cursed by the president.Mr. Trump was enraged that Mr. Pence was refusing to try to overturn the election. In a series of meetings, the president had pressed relentlessly, alternately cajoling and browbeating him. Finally, just before Mr. Pence headed to the Capitol to oversee the electoral vote count last Wednesday, Mr. Trump called the vice president’s residence to push one last time.“You can either go down in history as a patriot,” Mr. Trump told him, according to two people briefed on the conversation, “or you can go down in history as a pussy.”The blowup between the nation’s two highest elected officials then played out in dramatic fashion as the president publicly excoriated the vice president at an incendiary rally and sent agitated supporters to the Capitol where they stormed the building — some of them chanting “Hang Mike Pence.”Evacuated to the basement, Mr. Pence huddled for hours while Mr. Trump tweeted out an attack on him rather than call to check on his safety.It was an extraordinary rupture of a partnership that had survived too many challenges to count.The loyal lieutenant who had almost never diverged from the president, who had finessed every other possible fracture, finally came to a decision point he could not avoid. He would uphold the election despite the president and despite the mob. And he would pay the price with the political base he once hoped to harness for his own run for the White House.“Pence had a choice between his constitutional duty and his political future, and he did the right thing,” said John Yoo, a legal scholar consulted by Mr. Pence’s office. “I think he was the man of the hour in many ways — for both Democrats and Republicans. He did his duty even though he must have known, when he did it, that that probably meant he could never become president.”Former Senator Jeff Flake of Arizona, one of Mr. Trump’s most outspoken Republican critics and a longtime friend of Mr. Pence before they drifted apart over the president, said he was relieved the vice president had finally taken a stand.“There were many points where I wished he would have separated, spoke out, but I’m glad he did it when he did,” Mr. Flake said. “I wish he would have done it earlier, but I’m sure grateful he did it now. And I knew he would.”Not everyone gave Mr. Pence much credit, arguing that he should hardly be lionized for following the Constitution and maintaining that his deference to the president for nearly four years enabled Mr. Trump’s assault on democracy in the first place.“I’m glad he didn’t break the law, but it’s kind of hard to call somebody courageous for choosing not to help overthrow our democratic system of government,” said Representative Tom Malinowski, Democrat of New Jersey. “He’s got to understand that the man he’s been working for and defending loyally is almost single-handedly responsible for creating a movement in this country that wants to hang Mike Pence.”The rift between Mr. Trump and Mr. Pence has dominated their final days in office — not least because the vice president has the power under the 25th Amendment to remove the president from office with support of the cabinet. The House planned to vote on Tuesday demanding that Mr. Pence take such action or else it would impeach Mr. Trump.Mr. Pence sent a letter to Speaker Nancy Pelosi late Tuesday refusing to act. But Mr. Trump has been nervous enough about it that he finally broke five days of the cold shoulder to invite his vice president to the Oval Office on Monday night to smooth over their split. The official description of the hourlong conversation was “good”; the unofficial description was “nonsubstantive” and “stilted.”The clash is the third time in 20 years that a departing president and vice president came to conflict in their last days. After Vice President Al Gore lost his presidential campaign in 2000, he had a bitter fight with President Bill Clinton in the Oval Office over who was to blame. Eight years later, just days before leaving office, Vice President Dick Cheney castigated President George W. Bush for refusing to pardon I. Lewis Libby Jr., the vice president’s former chief of staff, for perjury in the C.I.A. leak case.Mr. Trump came into office with no real understanding of how his predecessors had handled relationships with their running mates. In the early days, when it became clear that there would be no organizational chart or formal decision-making process, Mr. Pence made himself a regular presence in the Oval Office, simply showing up with no agenda, often walking into a policy discussion for which he had received no briefing materials.He arrived in the West Wing each morning, received an update about when the president was coming down from the residence and then simply stationed himself in the Oval Office for most of the day. He was almost never formally invited to anything and his name was rarely on official meeting manifests. But he was almost always around.Calm and unflappable, Mr. Pence took on the role of confidant for cabinet secretaries and other officials fearing Mr. Trump’s ire, advising how to broach uncomfortable topics with the president without triggering him.Not angering Mr. Trump “was a key objective of his,” observed David J. Shulkin, the former secretary of veterans affairs. “He tried very hard to straddle a very tough line.” But that meant Mr. Pence’s own views were often opaque.“Were the policies and the statements being put out, were they ones that he completely agreed with?” Dr. Shulkin asked. “Or was it his strategy that it is better to be in the room, it is better to be a trusted party to help moderate some of those strategies and the way to do that is not to publicly disagree? I think that was a really hard one to figure out, exactly where he stood.”Mr. Pence ultimately discovered that loyalty to Mr. Trump only matters until it does not. Tension between the two had grown in recent months as the president railed privately about Mr. Pence. The vice president’s allies believed Mr. Trump was stirred up in part by Mark Meadows, the White House chief of staff, who told him that Pence aides were leaking to reporters. That helped create a toxic atmosphere between the two offices even before Election Day.When Mr. Trump’s efforts to overturn the election results were rejected at every turn by state officials and judges, Mr. Trump was told, incorrectly, that the vice president could stop the final validation of the election of President-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr. in his role as president of the Senate presiding over the Electoral College count..css-1xzcza9{list-style-type:disc;padding-inline-start:1em;}.css-c7gg1r{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:0.875rem;line-height:0.875rem;margin-bottom:15px;color:#121212 !important;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-c7gg1r{font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:0.9375rem;}}.css-rqynmc{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.9375rem;line-height:1.25rem;color:#333;margin-bottom:0.78125rem;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-rqynmc{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.5rem;margin-bottom:0.9375rem;}}.css-rqynmc strong{font-weight:600;}.css-rqynmc em{font-style:italic;}.css-yoay6m{margin:0 auto 5px;font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.3125rem;color:#121212;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-yoay6m{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.4375rem;}}.css-1dg6kl4{margin-top:5px;margin-bottom:15px;}.css-16ed7iq{width:100%;display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;padding:10px 0;background-color:white;}.css-pmm6ed{display:-webkit-box;display:-webkit-flex;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-align-items:center;-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;}.css-pmm6ed > :not(:first-child){margin-left:5px;}.css-5gimkt{font-family:nyt-franklin,helvetica,arial,sans-serif;font-size:0.8125rem;font-weight:700;-webkit-letter-spacing:0.03em;-moz-letter-spacing:0.03em;-ms-letter-spacing:0.03em;letter-spacing:0.03em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#333;}.css-5gimkt:after{content:’Collapse’;}.css-rdoyk0{-webkit-transition:all 0.5s ease;transition:all 0.5s ease;-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg);}.css-eb027h{max-height:5000px;-webkit-transition:max-height 0.5s ease;transition:max-height 0.5s ease;}.css-6mllg9{-webkit-transition:all 0.5s ease;transition:all 0.5s ease;position:relative;opacity:0;}.css-6mllg9:before{content:”;background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,transparent,#ffffff);background-image:-webkit-linear-gradient(270deg,rgba(255,255,255,0),#ffffff);height:80px;width:100%;position:absolute;bottom:0px;pointer-events:none;}#masthead-bar-one{display:none;}#masthead-bar-one{display:none;}.css-1cs27wo{background-color:white;border:1px solid #e2e2e2;width:calc(100% – 40px);max-width:600px;margin:1.5rem auto 1.9rem;padding:15px;}@media (min-width:740px){.css-1cs27wo{padding:20px;}}.css-1cs27wo:focus{outline:1px solid #e2e2e2;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-rdoyk0{-webkit-transform:rotate(0deg);-ms-transform:rotate(0deg);transform:rotate(0deg);}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-eb027h{max-height:300px;overflow:hidden;-webkit-transition:none;transition:none;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-5gimkt:after{content:’See more’;}.css-1cs27wo[data-truncated] .css-6mllg9{opacity:1;}.css-k9atqk{margin:0 auto;overflow:hidden;}.css-k9atqk strong{font-weight:700;}.css-k9atqk em{font-style:italic;}.css-k9atqk a{color:#326891;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ccd9e3;}.css-k9atqk a:visited{color:#333;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #ddd;}.css-k9atqk a:hover{border-bottom:none;}Capitol Riot FalloutFrom Riot to ImpeachmentThe riot inside the U.S. Capitol on Wednesday, Jan. 6, followed a rally at which President Trump made an inflammatory speech to his supporters, questioning the results of the election. Here’s a look at what happened and at the ongoing fallout:This video takes a look inside the siege on the capitol. This timeline shows how a crucial two hour period turned a rally into the riot.Several Trump administration officials, including cabinet members Betsy DeVos and Elaine Chao, announced that they were stepping down as a result of the riot.Federal prosecutors have charged more than 70 people, including some who appeared in viral photos and videos of the riot. Officials expect to eventually charge hundreds of others.House Democrats have begun impeachment proceedings. A look at how they might work.Mr. Pence’s counsel, Greg Jacob, researched the matter and concluded the vice president had no such authority. Prodded by Rudolph W. Giuliani and Jenna Ellis, two of his lawyers, Mr. Trump kept pressing.Mr. Pence’s office solicited more constitutional opinions, including from Mr. Yoo, a prominent conservative at the University of California at Berkeley who served in Mr. Bush’s administration.In the Oval Office last week, the day before the vote, Mr. Trump pushed Mr. Pence in a string of encounters, including one meeting that lasted at least an hour. John Eastman, a conservative constitutional scholar at Chapman University, was in the office and argued to Mr. Pence that he did have the power to act.The next morning, hours before the vote, Richard Cullen, Mr. Pence’s personal lawyer, called J. Michael Luttig, a former appeals court judge revered by conservatives — and for whom Mr. Eastman had once clerked. Mr. Luttig agreed to quickly write up his opinion that the vice president had no power to change the outcome, then posted it on Twitter.Within minutes, Mr. Pence’s staff incorporated Mr. Luttig’s reasoning, citing him by name, into a letter announcing the vice president’s decision not to try to block electors. Reached on Tuesday, Mr. Luttig said it was “the highest honor of my life” to play a role in preserving the Constitution.After the angry call cursing Mr. Pence, Mr. Trump riled up supporters at the rally against his own vice president, saying, “I hope he doesn’t listen to the RINOs and the stupid people that he’s listening to.”“He set Mike Pence up that day by putting it on his shoulders,” said Ryan Streeter, an adviser to Mr. Pence when he was the governor of Indiana. “That’s a pretty unprecedented thing in American politics. For a president to throw his own vice president under the bus like that and to encourage his supporters to take him on is something just unconscionable in my mind.”Mr. Pence was already in his motorcade to the Capitol by that point. When the mob burst into the building, Secret Service agents evacuated him and his wife and children, first to his office off the floor and later to the basement. His agents urged him to leave the building, but he refused to abandon the Capitol. From there, he spoke with congressional leaders, the defense secretary and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff — but not the president.A Republican senator later said he had never seen Mr. Pence so angry, feeling betrayed by a president for whom he had done so much. To Mr. Trump, one adviser said, the vice president had entered “Sessions territory,” referring to Jeff Sessions, the attorney general who was tortured by the president before being fired. (A vice president cannot be dismissed by a president.)On Thursday, the day after the siege, Mr. Pence stayed away from the White House, avoiding Mr. Trump. The next day, he went in, but spent most of the day at the Eisenhower Executive Office Building next door, where he held a farewell party for his staff.But aides said Mr. Pence did not want to become a long-term nemesis of a vindictive president, and by Monday he was back in the West Wing.Unlike Mr. Trump, Mr. Pence plans to attend Mr. Biden’s inauguration, then expects to divide time between Washington and Indiana, possibly starting a leadership political committee, writing a book and campaigning for congressional Republicans.But no matter what comes next, he will always be remembered for one moment. “We’re very lucky that the vice president isn’t a maniac,” said Joe Grogan, Mr. Trump’s domestic policy adviser until last year. “In many ways, I think it vindicates the decision of Mike Pence to hang in there this long.”AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More

  • in

    House Sets Impeachment Vote to Charge Trump With Incitement

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }The Trump ImpeachmentliveLatest UpdatesHouse Introduces ChargeHow Impeachment Might Work25th Amendment ExplainedAdvertisementContinue reading the main storySupported byContinue reading the main storyHouse Sets Impeachment Vote to Charge Trump With IncitementDemocrats are planning a Tuesday vote to formally call on the vice president to wrest power from President Trump and a Wednesday impeachment vote if he does not.Capitol Police officers standing guard on Monday outside the Speaker’s Lobby of the House chamber at the Capitol.Credit…Erin Schaff/The New York TimesJan. 11, 2021Updated 9:33 p.m. ETWASHINGTON — House Democrats introduced an article of impeachment against President Trump on Monday for his role in inflaming a mob that attacked the Capitol, scheduling a Wednesday vote to charge the president with “inciting violence against the government of the United States” if Vice President Mike Pence refused to strip him of power first.Moving with exceptional speed, top House leaders began summoning lawmakers still stunned by the attack back to Washington, promising the protection of National Guard troops and Federal Air Marshal escorts after last week’s stunning security failure. Their return set up a high-stakes 24-hour standoff between two branches of government.As the impeachment drive proceeded, federal law enforcement authorities accelerated efforts to fortify the Capitol ahead of President-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s inauguration on Jan. 20. The authorities announced plans to deploy up to 15,000 National Guard troops and set up a multilayered buffer zone with checkpoints around the building by Wednesday, just as lawmakers are to debate and vote on impeaching Mr. Trump.Federal authorities also said they were bracing for a wave of armed protests in all 50 state capitals and Washington in the days leading up to the inauguration.“I’m not afraid of taking the oath outside,” Mr. Biden said Monday, referring to a swearing-in scheduled to take place on a platform on the west side of the Capitol, in the very spot where rioters marauded last week, beating police officers and vandalizing the building.Mr. Biden signaled more clearly than before that he would not stand in the way of the impeachment proceeding, telling reporters in Newark, Del., that his primary focus was trying to minimize the effect an all-consuming trial in the Senate might have on his first days in office.He said he had consulted with lawmakers about the possibility they could “bifurcate” the proceedings in the Senate, such that half of each day would be spent on the trial and half on the confirmation of his cabinet and other nominees.In the House, a vote was scheduled for Tuesday evening to first formally call on Mr. Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment. Republicans had objected on Monday to unanimously passing the resolution, which asked the vice president to declare “president Donald J. Trump incapable of executing the duties of his office and to immediately exercise powers as acting president.”The House is slated to begin debate on the impeachment resolution on Wednesday morning, marching toward a vote late in the day unless Mr. Pence intervenes beforehand.“The president’s threat to America is urgent, and so too will be our action,” Speaker Nancy Pelosi of California said, outlining a timetable that will most likely leave Mr. Trump impeached one week to the day after he encouraged his supporters to march to the Capitol as lawmakers met to formalize Mr. Biden’s victory.The vice president had already indicated that he was unlikely to act to force the president aside, and no one in either party expected Mr. Trump to step down. With that in mind, Democrats had already begun preparing a lengthier impeachment report documenting the president’s actions and the destruction that followed to accompany their charge.They were confident they had the votes to make Mr. Trump the first president ever to be impeached twice.The impeachment article invoked the 14th Amendment, the post-Civil War-era addition to the Constitution that prohibits anyone who “engaged in insurrection or rebellion” against the United States from holding future office. Lawmakers also cited specific language from Mr. Trump’s speech last Wednesday riling up the crowd, quoting him saying, “If you don’t fight like hell, you’re not going to have a country anymore.”The Republican Party was fracturing over the coming debate, as some agreed with Democrats that Mr. Trump should be removed and many others were standing behind the president and his legions of loyal voters. They were also fighting among themselves, with many Republicans furious over what took place a week ago and blaming their own colleagues and leaders for having contributed to the combustible atmosphere that allowed a pro-Trump rally to morph into a deadly siege.Unlike Mr. Trump’s first impeachment, in 2019, few Republicans were willing to muster a defense of Mr. Trump’s actions, and Representative Kevin McCarthy of California, the top House Republican, privately told his conference that the president deserved some blame for the violence, according to two people familiar with his remarks. Mr. McCarthy remained personally opposed to impeachment and tried to hold his conference together during a lengthy call on Monday afternoon.But as many as a dozen Republicans were said to be considering joining Democrats to impeach, including Representative Liz Cheney of Wyoming, the No. 3 House Republican.“It’s something we’re strongly considering at this point,” said Representative Peter Meijer, a freshman Republican from Michigan, told a Fox affiliate in his home state. “I think what we saw on Wednesday left the president unfit for office.”Mr. Trump gave his party little direction or reason to rally around him. Ensconced at the White House and barred from Twitter, he offered no defense of himself or the armed assailants who overtook the Capitol, endangering the lives of congressional leaders, their staffs and his own vice president.Chad F. Wolf, the acting secretary of homeland security, became the latest cabinet official to resign in the aftermath of the Capitol riot, stepping down just nine days before he was expected to help coordinate the security at the inauguration.If Mr. Trump is impeached by the House, which now seems virtually certain, he would then face trial in the Senate, which requires all senators be in the chamber while the charges are being considered. Democrats had briefly considered trying to delay an impeachment trial until the spring, to buy Mr. Biden more time without the cloud of such a proceeding hanging over the start of his presidency, but by late Monday, most felt they could not justify such a swift impeachment and then justify a delay.Still, the timing of a trial remained unclear because the Senate was not currently in session. Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the top Democrat, was considering trying to use emergency procedures to force the chamber back before Jan. 20, a senior Democratic aide said, but doing so would take the consent of his Republican counterpart, Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky.House leaders said the timing and outcome of any Senate trial was secondary to their sense of urgency to charge Mr. Trump with crimes against the country.“Whether impeachment can pass the United States Senate is not the issue,” Representative Steny H. Hoyer of Maryland, the majority leader, told reporters. “The issue is, we have a president who most of us believe participated in encouraging an insurrection and attack on this building, and on democracy and trying to subvert the counting of the presidential ballot.”Other accountability efforts were underway in the shadow of the drive to punish Mr. Trump. Law enforcement fanned out across the country to track down and arrest members of the mob and heavily fortified the Capitol, where National Guard troops clad in camouflage uniforms roamed the ornate corridors and patrolled the sidewalks outside.Representative Tim Ryan of Ohio said the Capitol Police were investigating roughly a dozen of their own officers and had suspended two for potentially aiding the insurrectionists. One took selfies with those laying waste to the Capitol; another donned a “Make America Great Again” cap and potentially gave them directions, Mr. Ryan said.“Any incidents of Capitol Police facilitating or being part of what happened, we need to know that,” he said.Progressive lawmakers called for investigations and possible expulsions of Republicans who had supported Mr. Trump’s attempt to overturn the election and helped stoke the violence. More moderate Democrats discussed plans to try to ostracize them going forward — including by refusing to sign onto their legislative efforts or routine requests — because they were likely to remain in Congress. Republicans stoking the bogus claims of election theft themselves were mostly unapologetic and insisted their actions had nothing to do with the violence done in Mr. Trump’s name.“There may well be a vote on impeachment on Wednesday,” Representative Steny H. Hoyer, Democrat of Maryland and the majority leader, told reporters.Credit…Anna Moneymaker for The New York TimesThe four-page impeachment article charges Mr. Trump with “inciting violence against the government of the United States” when he sowed false claims about election fraud and encouraged his supporters at a rally outside the White House to take extraordinary measures to stop the counting of electoral votes underway at the Capitol. A short time later, rioters mobbed the building, ransacking the seat of American government and killing a Capitol Police officer. (At least four others died as a result of injuries or medical emergencies on Capitol grounds.)“In all this, President Trump gravely endangered the security of the United States and its institutions of government,” the article read. “He threatened the integrity of the democratic system, interfered with the peaceful transition of power, and imperiled a coequal branch of government. He thereby betrayed his trust as president, to the manifest injury of the people of the United States.”Members of the Maryland National Guard next to a statue of President Abraham Lincoln in the Capitol’s crypt on Monday.Credit…Erin Schaff/The New York TimesModern presidential impeachments have been drawn-out affairs, allowing lawmakers to collect evidence, hone arguments and hear the president’s defense over the course of months. When the Democratic-led House impeached Mr. Trump the first time, it took nearly three months, conducting dozens of witness interviews, compiling hundreds of pages of documents and producing a detailed case in a written report running 300 pages.It appeared this time that the House planned to do so in less than a week, with little more evidence than the fast accumulating public record of cellphone videos, photographs, police and journalistic accounts, and the words of Mr. Trump himself.“To those who would say, ‘Why do it now, there are only nine days left the president’s term?’” said Joe Neguse of Colorado, who has been drafting messaging guidance for the party. “I would say, ‘There are nine days in the president’s term.’”Mr. Trump’s most outspoken defenders opposed impeachment, though most did not explicitly defend his conduct. Many of them who just last week backed his drive to overturn Mr. Biden’s victory and voted to toss out legitimate results from key battleground states, argued that to impeach the president now would only further divide the country.In a letter to colleagues, Mr. McCarthy wrote that impeachment would “have the opposite effect of bringing our country together when we need to get America back on a path towards unity and civility.” He tried to point Republicans toward possible alternatives, including censure, a bipartisan commission to investigate the attack, changing the law that governs the electoral counting process that rioters disrupted and electoral integrity legislation.“Please know I share your anger and your pain,” he wrote. “Zip ties were found on staff desks in my office. Windows were smashed in. Property was stolen. Those images will never leave us — and I thank our men and women in law enforcement who continue to protect us and are working to bring the sick individuals who perpetrated these attacks to justice.”Some moderate Democrats were growing uneasy about the implications of such fast and punitive action, fearful both of the consequences for Mr. Biden’s agenda during his first days in office and of further igniting violence across the country among Mr. Trump’s most extreme supporters. They tried to cobble together support for a bipartisan censure resolution instead, but it appeared it might be too late to stop the momentum in favor of impeachment.Ms. Pelosi shut the idea down during her private call with Democrats, saying that censure “would be an abdication of our responsibility,” according to an official familiar with her remarks.Reporting was contributed by More

  • in

    House Moves to Force Trump Out, Vowing Impeachment if Pence Won’t Act

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }The Presidential TransitionLatest UpdatesHouse Moves to Remove TrumpHow Impeachment Might WorkBiden Focuses on CrisesCabinet PicksAdvertisementContinue reading the main storySupported byContinue reading the main storyHouse Moves to Force Trump Out, Vowing Impeachment if Pence Won’t ActSpeaker Nancy Pelosi said the House would formally call on Vice President Mike Pence to invoke the 25th Amendment to strip President Trump of power, and move to impeach the president if he refused.House Democrats effectively gave the vice president a final ultimatum: use his power under the Constitution to force President Trump aside or make him the first president in American history to be impeached twice.Credit…Anna Moneymaker for The New York TimesNicholas Fandos, Peter Baker and Jan. 10, 2021Updated 10:18 p.m. ETWASHINGTON — The House moved on two fronts on Sunday to try to force President Trump from office, escalating pressure on the vice president to strip him of power and committing to quickly begin impeachment proceedings against him for inciting a mob that violently attacked the seat of American government.In a letter to colleagues, Speaker Nancy Pelosi of California said the House would move forward on Monday with a resolution calling on Vice President Mike Pence and the cabinet to invoke the 25th Amendment, and wrest the powers of the presidency. She called on Mr. Pence to respond “within 24 hours” and indicated she expected a Tuesday vote on the resolution.Next, she said, the House would bring an impeachment case to the floor. Though she did not specify how quickly it would move, leading Democrats have suggested they could press forward on a remarkably quick timetable, charging Mr. Trump by midweek with “high crimes and misdemeanors.”“In protecting our Constitution and our democracy, we will act with urgency, because this president represents an imminent threat to both,” she wrote. “As the days go by, the horror of the ongoing assault on our democracy perpetrated by this president is intensified and so is the immediate need for action.”Ms. Pelosi’s actions effectively gave Mr. Pence, who is said to be opposed to the idea, an ultimatum: use his power under the Constitution to force Mr. Trump out by declaring him unable to discharge his duties, or make him the first president in American history to be impeached twice.Far from capitulating, Mr. Trump made plans to proceed as if the last five earth-shattering days had simply not happened at all. But momentum in Washington was shifting decisively against him.More than 210 of the 222 Democrats in the House — nearly a majority — had already signed on to an impeachment resolution by Sunday afternoon, registering support for a measure that asserted that Mr. Trump would “remain a threat to national security, democracy, and the Constitution” if he was not removed in the final 10 days of his term. A second Republican senator, Patrick J. Toomey of Pennsylvania, said he should resign immediately, joining Lisa Murkowski of Alaska. And a Republican House member hinted more clearly than before that he could vote to impeach, even as he cautioned that it could backfire and further galvanize Mr. Trump’s supporters.With few Democrats hopeful Mr. Pence would act, Representative James E. Clyburn of South Carolina, the party’s No. 3, said the House could vote to impeach Mr. Trump by Wednesday, one week before Inauguration Day. Lawmakers were put on notice to return to Washington, and their leaders consulted with the Federal Air Marshal Service and police on how to safely move them back into a Capitol that was ransacked in a shocking security failure less than a week ago.“If we are the people’s house, let’s do the people’s work and let’s vote to impeach this president,” Mr. Clyburn said on “Fox News Sunday.” “The Senate will decide later what to do with that — an impeachment.”Representative James E. Clyburn of South Carolina, the No. 3 Democrat in the House, said the House could vote to impeach by midweek.Credit…Stefani Reynolds for The New York TimesMr. Clyburn argued in favor of delaying the start of any Senate trial for several months to allow President-elect Joseph R. Biden Jr. to take office without the cloud of an all-consuming impeachment drama. It would be nearly impossible to start a trial before Jan. 20, and delaying it further would allow the House to deliver a stinging indictment of the president without impeding Mr. Biden’s ability to form a cabinet and confront the spiraling coronavirus crisis.“Let’s give President-elect Biden the 100 days he needs to get his agenda off and running,” Mr. Clyburn, an influential ally of Mr. Biden, said in another interview on CNN.The uncertainty underscored how little precedent those seeking to contain the president had to guide them. No president has been impeached in the final days of his term, or with the prospect of a trial after he leaves office — and certainly not just days after lawmakers themselves were attacked.A two-thirds majority is needed to convict and remove a president in the Senate. But if he were found guilty, a simple majority of the Senate could then bar Mr. Trump from holding office in the future.Mr. Biden has tried to keep a distance from the impeachment issue. He spoke privately Friday with Ms. Pelosi and Senator Chuck Schumer of New York, the top Senate Democrat. But publicly he has said that the decision rests with Congress, and that he intends to remain focused on the work of taking over the White House and the government’s coronavirus response.“In 10 days, we move forward and rebuild — together,” Mr. Biden wrote on Twitter on Sunday.At the White House, Mr. Trump remained out of sight for a fourth straight day and made no public comment on either the assault on the Capitol or the brewing impeachment threat. The White House announced instead that he would travel on Tuesday to Alamo, Texas, to promote his border wall as part of a series of activities highlighting what he sees as the achievements of the last four years.Otherwise, the basic work of the final days of a presidential term had essentially been halted. A slew of pardons that were under discussion were put on hold after the riot, according to people informed about the deliberations. And around the White House, the president’s advisers hoped he would let go of giving himself a pardon, saying it would look terrible given what had taken place.Among those said to be furious with the president was Melania Trump, the first lady. While she has stayed quiet publicly, people close to the situation said she was upset with her husband for what had taken place, as well as his decision not to attend Mr. Biden’s inauguration.The hearse carrying Officer Brian Sicknick of the U.S. Capitol Police, who was killed in the Capitol riot, passing in front of the White House on Sunday.Credit…Erin Scott for The New York TimesOther than a video message he posted on Thursday night, Mr. Trump has said nothing about the attack since its conclusion and taken no responsibility for it, nor has he said anything publicly about the U.S. Capitol Police officer killed by the mob. Only after much criticism did he order flags lowered to half-staff at the White House and other federal facilities on Sunday in honor of the officer and another who Capitol Police said had died off duty days after responding to the riot at the Capitol.In past furors, any anger within his own party tended to fade with passing days, but this time, the disenchantment among many Republicans appeared to be hardening, particularly with new videos emerging, including one showing the mob dragging a police officer down the steps outside the Capitol and beating him.“The more time, images, and stories removed from Wednesday the worse it gets,” Josh Holmes, a longtime adviser to Senator Mitch McConnell of Kentucky, the Republican leader, wrote on Twitter. “If you’re not in a white hot rage over what happened by now you’re not paying attention.”It was that fury driving Democrats forward with stunning speed.The four-page impeachment article that had gained overwhelming support among Democrats — written by Representatives David Cicilline of Rhode Island, Jamie Raskin of Maryland and Ted Lieu of California — was narrowly tailored to Mr. Trump’s role “willfully inciting violence against the government of the United States.” Democrats involved in the process said they had drafted the text with input from some Republicans, though they declined to name them.None were expected to join as a co-sponsor before it was introduced on Monday, but Democrats said multiple House Republicans were privately discussing voting to impeach. When the House impeached Mr. Trump in 2019 for a pressure campaign on Ukraine to smear Mr. Biden, not a single Republican supported the charges.“I’ll vote the right way, you know, if I’m presented with that,” said Representative Adam Kinzinger of Illinois.The House indictment, which lawmakers and aides cautioned was still subject to change, would squarely blame for the rampage on Mr. Trump, stating that his encouragement was “consistent” with prior efforts to “subvert and obstruct” the election certification. That would include a Jan. 2 phone call pressuring Georgia’s secretary of state to “find” the votes he needed to claim victory in a state Mr. Biden clearly and legally won.“It was an attack on our country and our democracy,” Mr. Cicilline said in an interview. “We simply cannot just allow this to stand unaddressed.”More details emerged on Sunday about Mr. Trump’s role, which could shape the debate about impeachment. The president was deeply involved in the planning of the rally on Wednesday where he exhorted thousands of followers to march to the Capitol and demonstrate strength. He personally helped select who would speak and what music would play, according to people briefed on how the event came together.Mr. Trump’s supporters as he spoke before they stormed the Capitol on Wednesday.Credit…Pete Marovich for The New York TimesThe president had been excited about the event for days, more focused on that and trying to overturn the Electoral College vote count than anything else. Heading into Wednesday, some advisers privately said Mr. Trump appeared to believe that Mr. Pence could legally hand him the election in his role presiding over the vote count.At one point, Mr. Trump told the vice president that he had spoken with Mark Martin, the former chief justice of the North Carolina Supreme Court, who he said had told him that Mr. Pence had that power. Mr. Pence had assured Mr. Trump that he did not. Mr. Trump made the vice president defend his rationale in a meeting with lawyers that Rudolph W. Giuliani had helped line up.Both parties conceded they had no clear picture of how many senators in the party might ultimately vote to convict Mr. Trump.Mr. Toomey said Mr. Trump had “spiraled down into a kind of madness” since the election and had effectively “disqualified himself” from ever running for office again. But a day after he called Mr. Trump’s conduct “impeachable,” Mr. Toomey argued an impeachment would be impractical with Mr. Trump already headed for the exit.“I think the best way for our country, Chuck, is for the president to resign and go away as soon as possible,” he told the host Chuck Todd on NBC’s “Meet the Press.” “I acknowledge that may not be likely, but I think that would be best.”In speaking with associates about the prospect of another impeachment, Mr. Trump was hit with the reality that few people from his defense team in last year’s Senate trial would be part of any new proceeding.Jay Sekulow, who has served as his lead personal lawyer, and two other private lawyers, Marty Raskin and Jane Raskin, will not participate in a future impeachment defense, according to a person briefed on the planning, nor will Pat A. Cipollone, the White House counsel, or Patrick F. Philbin, his deputy.This time, only a few of his allies on Capitol Hill have offered to speak up in defense as well. Among those who have, many have used calls for “unity” to argue against impeachment or calling for Mr. Trump’s resignation. In most cases, the lawmakers adamant that Democrats should let the country “move on” were among those who, even after Wednesday’s violence, voted to toss out electoral results in key swing states Mr. Biden won based on claims of widespread voter fraud that courts and the states themselves said were bogus.“The Democrats are going to try to remove the president from office just seven days before he is set to leave anyway,” Representative Jim Jordan, Republican of Ohio, said on Fox News. “I do not see how that unifies the country.”Michael D. Shear More

  • in

    The American Abyss

    #masthead-section-label, #masthead-bar-one { display: none }The Presidential TransitionliveLatest UpdatesMoves to ImpeachHow impeachment Might WorkBiden Focuses on CrisesHow Mob Stormed CapitolThe police forced the crowd out of the Capitol building after facing off in the Rotunda, Jan. 6, 3:40 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesessayThe American AbyssA historian of fascism and political atrocity on Trump, the mob and what comes nextThe police forced the crowd out of the Capitol building after facing off in the Rotunda, Jan. 6, 3:40 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesSupported byContinue reading the main storyJan. 9, 2021, 1:02 p.m. ETWhen Donald Trump stood before his followers on Jan. 6 and urged them to march on the United States Capitol, he was doing what he had always done. He never took electoral democracy seriously nor accepted the legitimacy of its American version.Even when he won, in 2016, he insisted that the election was fraudulent — that millions of false votes were cast for his opponent. In 2020, in the knowledge that he was trailing Joseph R. Biden in the polls, he spent months claiming that the presidential election would be rigged and signaling that he would not accept the results if they did not favor him. He wrongly claimed on Election Day that he had won and then steadily hardened his rhetoric: With time, his victory became a historic landslide and the various conspiracies that denied it ever more sophisticated and implausible.People believed him, which is not at all surprising. It takes a tremendous amount of work to educate citizens to resist the powerful pull of believing what they already believe, or what others around them believe, or what would make sense of their own previous choices. Plato noted a particular risk for tyrants: that they would be surrounded in the end by yes-men and enablers. Aristotle worried that, in a democracy, a wealthy and talented demagogue could all too easily master the minds of the populace. Aware of these risks and others, the framers of the Constitution instituted a system of checks and balances. The point was not simply to ensure that no one branch of government dominated the others but also to anchor in institutions different points of view.In this sense, the responsibility for Trump’s push to overturn an election must be shared by a very large number of Republican members of Congress. Rather than contradict Trump from the beginning, they allowed his electoral fiction to flourish. They had different reasons for doing so. One group of Republicans is concerned above all with gaming the system to maintain power, taking full advantage of constitutional obscurities, gerrymandering and dark money to win elections with a minority of motivated voters. They have no interest in the collapse of the peculiar form of representation that allows their minority party disproportionate control of government. The most important among them, Mitch McConnell, indulged Trump’s lie while making no comment on its consequences.Yet other Republicans saw the situation differently: They might actually break the system and have power without democracy. The split between these two groups, the gamers and the breakers, became sharply visible on Dec. 30, when Senator Josh Hawley announced that he would support Trump’s challenge by questioning the validity of the electoral votes on Jan. 6. Ted Cruz then promised his own support, joined by about 10 other senators. More than a hundred Republican representatives took the same position. For many, this seemed like nothing more than a show: challenges to states’ electoral votes would force delays and floor votes but would not affect the outcome.Pro-Trump extremists tried to scale the walls of the Capitol building in Washington to bypass barriers and get inside, 2:09 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesYet for Congress to traduce its basic functions had a price. An elected institution that opposes elections is inviting its own overthrow. Members of Congress who sustained the president’s lie, despite the available and unambiguous evidence, betrayed their constitutional mission. Making his fictions the basis of congressional action gave them flesh. Now Trump could demand that senators and congressmen bow to his will. He could place personal responsibility upon Mike Pence, in charge of the formal proceedings, to pervert them. And on Jan. 6, he directed his followers to exert pressure on these elected representatives, which they proceeded to do: storming the Capitol building, searching for people to punish, ransacking the place.Of course this did make a kind of sense: If the election really had been stolen, as senators and congressmen were themselves suggesting, then how could Congress be allowed to move forward? For some Republicans, the invasion of the Capitol must have been a shock, or even a lesson. For the breakers, however, it may have been a taste of the future. Afterward, eight senators and more than 100 representatives voted for the lie that had forced them to flee their chambers.Rioters threatened and chased a police officer inside the Capitol, 2:13 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesPost-truth is pre-fascism, and Trump has been our post-truth president. When we give up on truth, we concede power to those with the wealth and charisma to create spectacle in its place. Without agreement about some basic facts, citizens cannot form the civil society that would allow them to defend themselves. If we lose the institutions that produce facts that are pertinent to us, then we tend to wallow in attractive abstractions and fictions. Truth defends itself particularly poorly when there is not very much of it around, and the era of Trump — like the era of Vladimir Putin in Russia — is one of the decline of local news. Social media is no substitute: It supercharges the mental habits by which we seek emotional stimulation and comfort, which means losing the distinction between what feels true and what actually is true.Post-truth wears away the rule of law and invites a regime of myth. These last four years, scholars have discussed the legitimacy and value of invoking fascism in reference to Trumpian propaganda. One comfortable position has been to label any such effort as a direct comparison and then to treat such comparisons as taboo. More productively, the philosopher Jason Stanley has treated fascism as a phenomenon, as a series of patterns that can be observed not only in interwar Europe but beyond it.My own view is that greater knowledge of the past, fascist or otherwise, allows us to notice and conceptualize elements of the present that we might otherwise disregard and to think more broadly about future possibilities. It was clear to me in October that Trump’s behavior presaged a coup, and I said so in print; this is not because the present repeats the past, but because the past enlightens the present.An angry mob confronted the police as it tried to gain entry into the Capitol, 2 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesLike historical fascist leaders, Trump has presented himself as the single source of truth. His use of the term “fake news” echoed the Nazi smear Lügenpresse (“lying press”); like the Nazis, he referred to reporters as “enemies of the people.” Like Adolf Hitler, he came to power at a moment when the conventional press had taken a beating; the financial crisis of 2008 did to American newspapers what the Great Depression did to German ones. The Nazis thought that they could use radio to replace the old pluralism of the newspaper; Trump tried to do the same with Twitter.Thanks to technological capacity and personal talent, Donald Trump lied at a pace perhaps unmatched by any other leader in history. For the most part these were small lies, and their main effect was cumulative. To believe in all of them was to accept the authority of a single man, because to believe in all of them was to disbelieve everything else. Once such personal authority was established, the president could treat everyone else as the liars; he even had the power to turn someone from a trusted adviser into a dishonest scoundrel with a single tweet. Yet so long as he was unable to enforce some truly big lie, some fantasy that created an alternative reality where people could live and die, his pre-fascism fell short of the thing itself.A bust of George Washington had a Trump hat placed on it, as intruders charged through the building, 2:34 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson for The New York TimesSome of his lies were, admittedly, medium-size: that he was a successful businessman; that Russia did not support him in 2016; that Barack Obama was born in Kenya. Such medium-size lies were the standard fare of aspiring authoritarians in the 21st century. In Poland the right-wing party built a martyrdom cult around assigning blame to political rivals for an airplane crash that killed the nation’s president. Hungary’s Viktor Orban blames a vanishingly small number of Muslim refugees for his country’s problems. But such claims were not quite big lies; they stretched but did not rend what Hannah Arendt called “the fabric of factuality.”One historical big lie discussed by Arendt is Joseph Stalin’s explanation of starvation in Soviet Ukraine in 1932-33. The state had collectivized agriculture, then applied a series of punitive measures to Ukraine that ensured millions would die. Yet the official line was that the starving were provocateurs, agents of Western powers who hated socialism so much they were killing themselves. A still grander fiction, in Arendt’s account, is Hitlerian anti-Semitism: the claims that Jews ran the world, Jews were responsible for ideas that poisoned German minds, Jews stabbed Germany in the back during the First World War. Intriguingly, Arendt thought big lies work only in lonely minds; their coherence substitutes for experience and companionship.In November 2020, reaching millions of lonely minds through social media, Trump told a lie that was dangerously ambitious: that he had won an election that in fact he had lost. This lie was big in every pertinent respect: not as big as “Jews run the world,” but big enough. The significance of the matter at hand was great: the right to rule the most powerful country in the world and the efficacy and trustworthiness of its succession procedures. The level of mendacity was profound. The claim was not only wrong, but it was also made in bad faith, amid unreliable sources. It challenged not just evidence but logic: Just how could (and why would) an election have been rigged against a Republican president but not against Republican senators and representatives? Trump had to speak, absurdly, of a “Rigged (for President) Election.”Outside the Capitol, the crowd cheered as rioters stampeded into the building, 2:10 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesThe force of a big lie resides in its demand that many other things must be believed or disbelieved. To make sense of a world in which the 2020 presidential election was stolen requires distrust not only of reporters and of experts but also of local, state and federal government institutions, from poll workers to elected officials, Homeland Security and all the way to the Supreme Court. It brings with it, of necessity, a conspiracy theory: Imagine all the people who must have been in on such a plot and all the people who would have had to work on the cover-up.The Presidential TransitionLatest UpdatesUpdated Jan. 8, 2021, 10:32 p.m. ETMore national security officials resign from a White House in turmoil.Josh Hawley faces blowback for role in spurious challenge of election results.Read the draft of a leading article of impeachment against Trump.Trump’s electoral fiction floats free of verifiable reality. It is defended not so much by facts as by claims that someone else has made some claims. The sensibility is that something must be wrong because I feel it to be wrong, and I know others feel the same way. When political leaders such as Ted Cruz or Jim Jordan spoke like this, what they meant was: You believe my lies, which compels me to repeat them. Social media provides an infinity of apparent evidence for any conviction, especially one seemingly held by a president.On the surface, a conspiracy theory makes its victim look strong: It sees Trump as resisting the Democrats, the Republicans, the Deep State, the pedophiles, the Satanists. More profoundly, however, it inverts the position of the strong and the weak. Trump’s focus on alleged “irregularities” and “contested states” comes down to cities where Black people live and vote. At bottom, the fantasy of fraud is that of a crime committed by Black people against white people.It’s not just that electoral fraud by African-Americans against Donald Trump never happened. It is that it is the very opposite of what happened, in 2020 and in every American election. As always, Black people waited longer than others to vote and were more likely to have their votes challenged. They were more likely to be suffering or dying from Covid-19, and less likely to be able to take time away from work. The historical protection of their right to vote has been removed by the Supreme Court’s 2013 ruling in Shelby County v. Holder, and states have rushed to pass measures of a kind that historically reduce voting by the poor and communities of color.The claim that Trump was denied a win by fraud is a big lie not just because it mauls logic, misdescribes the present and demands belief in a conspiracy. It is a big lie, fundamentally, because it reverses the moral field of American politics and the basic structure of American history.When Senator Ted Cruz announced his intention to challenge the Electoral College vote, he invoked the Compromise of 1877, which resolved the presidential election of 1876. Commentators pointed out that this was no relevant precedent, since back then there really were serious voter irregularities and there really was a stalemate in Congress. For African-Americans, however, the seemingly gratuitous reference led somewhere else. The Compromise of 1877 — in which Rutherford B. Hayes would have the presidency, provided that he withdrew federal power from the South — was the very arrangement whereby African-Americans were driven from voting booths for the better part of a century. It was effectively the end of Reconstruction, the beginning of segregation, legal discrimination and Jim Crow. It is the original sin of American history in the post-slavery era, our closest brush with fascism so far.If the reference seemed distant when Ted Cruz and 10 senatorial colleagues released their statement on Jan. 2, it was brought very close four days later, when Confederate flags were paraded through the Capitol.A rioter during the mayhem at the Capitol. He punched the door after being pepper-sprayed and forced out of the building, 3:45 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesSome things have changed since 1877, of course. Back then, it was the Republicans, or many of them, who supported racial equality; it was the Democrats, the party of the South, who wanted apartheid. It was the Democrats, back then, who called African-Americans’ votes fraudulent, and the Republicans who wanted them counted. This is now reversed. In the past half century, since the Civil Rights Act, Republicans have become a predominantly white party interested — as Trump openly declared — in keeping the number of voters, and particularly the number of Black voters, as low as possible. Yet the common thread remains. Watching white supremacists among the people storming the Capitol, it was easy to yield to the feeling that something pure had been violated. It might be better to see the episode as part of a long American argument about who deserves representation.The Democrats, today, have become a coalition, one that does better than Republicans with female and nonwhite voters and collects votes from both labor unions and the college-educated. Yet it’s not quite right to contrast this coalition with a monolithic Republican Party. Right now, the Republican Party is a coalition of two types of people: those who would game the system (most of the politicians, some of the voters) and those who dream of breaking it (a few of the politicians, many of the voters). In January 2021, this was visible as the difference between those Republicans who defended the present system on the grounds that it favored them and those who tried to upend it.In the four decades since the election of Ronald Reagan, Republicans have overcome the tension between the gamers and the breakers by governing in opposition to government, or by calling elections a revolution (the Tea Party), or by claiming to oppose elites. The breakers, in this arrangement, provide cover for the gamers, putting forth an ideology that distracts from the basic reality that government under Republicans is not made smaller but simply diverted to serve a handful of interests.At first, Trump seemed like a threat to this balance. His lack of experience in politics and his open racism made him a very uncomfortable figure for the party; his habit of continually telling lies was initially found by prominent Republicans to be uncouth. Yet after he won the presidency, his particular skills as a breaker seemed to create a tremendous opportunity for the gamers. Led by the gamer in chief, McConnell, they secured hundreds of federal judges and tax cuts for the rich.Trump was unlike other breakers in that he seemed to have no ideology. His objection to institutions was that they might constrain him personally. He intended to break the system to serve himself — and this is partly why he has failed. Trump is a charismatic politician and inspires devotion not only among voters but among a surprising number of lawmakers, but he has no vision that is greater than himself or what his admirers project upon him. In this respect his pre-fascism fell short of fascism: His vision never went further than a mirror. He arrived at a truly big lie not from any view of the world but from the reality that he might lose something.Yet Trump never prepared a decisive blow. He lacked the support of the military, some of whose leaders he had alienated. (No true fascist would have made the mistake he did there, which was to openly love foreign dictators; supporters convinced that the enemy was at home might not mind, but those sworn to protect from enemies abroad did.) Trump’s secret police force, the men carrying out snatch operations in Portland, was violent but also small and ludicrous. Social media proved to be a blunt weapon: Trump could announce his intentions on Twitter, and white supremacists could plan their invasion of the Capitol on Facebook or Gab. But the president, for all his lawsuits and entreaties and threats to public officials, could not engineer a situation that ended with the right people doing the wrong thing. Trump could make some voters believe that he had won the 2020 election, but he was unable to bring institutions along with his big lie. And he could bring his supporters to Washington and send them on a rampage in the Capitol, but none appeared to have any very clear idea of how this was to work or what their presence would accomplish. It is hard to think of a comparable insurrectionary moment, when a building of great significance was seized, that involved so much milling around.A woman who had been pepper-sprayed leaned on the eastern door to the Capitol’s rotunda, 3:47 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesThe lie outlasts the liar. The idea that Germany lost the First World War in 1918 because of a Jewish “stab in the back” was 15 years old when Hitler came to power. How will Trump’s myth of victimhood function in American life 15 years from now? And to whose benefit?On Jan. 7, Trump called for a peaceful transition of power, implicitly conceding that his putsch had failed. Even then, though, he repeated and even amplified his electoral fiction: It was now a sacred cause for which people had sacrificed. Trump’s imagined stab in the back will live on chiefly thanks to its endorsement by members of Congress. In November and December 2020, Republicans repeated it, giving it a life it would not otherwise have had. In retrospect, it now seems as though the last shaky compromise between the gamers and the breakers was the idea that Trump should have every chance to prove that wrong had been done to him. That position implicitly endorsed the big lie for Trump supporters who were inclined to believe it. It failed to restrain Trump, whose big lie only grew bigger.The breakers and the gamers then saw a different world ahead, where the big lie was either a treasure to be had or a danger to be avoided. The breakers had no choice but to rush to be first to claim to believe in it. Because the breakers Josh Hawley and Ted Cruz must compete to claim the brimstone and bile, the gamers were forced to reveal their own hand, and the division within the Republican coalition became visible on Jan. 6. The invasion of the Capitol only reinforced this division. To be sure, a few senators withdrew their objections, but Cruz and Hawley moved forward anyway, along with six other senators. More than 100 representatives doubled down on the big lie. Some, like Matt Gaetz, even added their own flourishes, such as the claim that the mob was led not by Trump’s supporters but by his opponents.Trump is, for now, the martyr in chief, the high priest of the big lie. He is the leader of the breakers, at least in the minds of his supporters. By now, the gamers do not want Trump around. Discredited in his last weeks, he is useless; shorn of the obligations of the presidency, he will become embarrassing again, much as he was in 2015. Unable to provide cover for their gamesmanship, he will be irrelevant to their daily purposes. But the breakers have an even stronger reason to see Trump disappear: It is impossible to inherit from someone who is still around. Seizing Trump’s big lie might appear to be a gesture of support. In fact it expresses a wish for his political death. Transforming the myth from one about Trump to one about the nation will be easier when he is out of the way.As Cruz and Hawley may learn, to tell the big lie is to be owned by it. Just because you have sold your soul does not mean that you have driven a hard bargain. Hawley shies from no level of hypocrisy; the son of a banker, educated at Stanford University and Yale Law School, he denounces elites. Insofar as Cruz was thought to have a principle, it was that of states’ rights, which Trump’s calls to action brazenly violated. A joint statement Cruz issued about the senators’ challenge to the vote nicely captured the post-truth aspect of the whole: It never alleged that there was fraud, only that there were allegations of fraud. Allegations of allegations, allegations all the way down.A mixture of tear gas discharged by police and fire-extinguisher residue discharged by pro-Trump extremists hung in the air of the Rotunda as the crowd milled about, 2:38 p.m.Credit…Ashley Gilbertson/VII, for The New York TimesThe big lie requires commitment. When Republican gamers do not exhibit enough of that, Republican breakers call them “RINOs”: Republicans in name only. This term once suggested a lack of ideological commitment. It now means an unwillingness to throw away an election. The gamers, in response, close ranks around the Constitution and speak of principles and traditions. The breakers must all know (with the possible exception of the Alabama senator Tommy Tuberville) that they are participating in a sham, but they will have an audience of tens of millions who do not.If Trump remains present in American political life, he will surely repeat his big lie incessantly. Hawley and Cruz and the other breakers share responsibility for where this leads. Cruz and Hawley seem to be running for president. Yet what does it mean to be a candidate for office and denounce voting? If you claim that the other side has cheated, and your supporters believe you, they will expect you to cheat yourself. By defending Trump’s big lie on Jan. 6, they set a precedent: A Republican presidential candidate who loses an election should be appointed anyway by Congress. Republicans in the future, at least breaker candidates for president, will presumably have a Plan A, to win and win, and a Plan B, to lose and win. No fraud is necessary; only allegations that there are allegations of fraud. Truth is to be replaced by spectacle, facts by faith.Trump’s coup attempt of 2020-21, like other failed coup attempts, is a warning for those who care about the rule of law and a lesson for those who do not. His pre-fascism revealed a possibility for American politics. For a coup to work in 2024, the breakers will require something that Trump never quite had: an angry minority, organized for nationwide violence, ready to add intimidation to an election. Four years of amplifying a big lie just might get them this. To claim that the other side stole an election is to promise to steal one yourself. It is also to claim that the other side deserves to be punished.Informed observers inside and outside government agree that right-wing white supremacism is the greatest terrorist threat to the United States. Gun sales in 2020 hit an astonishing high. History shows that political violence follows when prominent leaders of major political parties openly embrace paranoia.Our big lie is typically American, wrapped in our odd electoral system, depending upon our particular traditions of racism. Yet our big lie is also structurally fascist, with its extreme mendacity, its conspiratorial thinking, its reversal of perpetrators and victims and its implication that the world is divided into us and them. To keep it going for four years courts terrorism and assassination.When that violence comes, the breakers will have to react. If they embrace it, they become the fascist faction. The Republican Party will be divided, at least for a time. One can of course imagine a dismal reunification: A breaker candidate loses a narrow presidential election in November 2024 and cries fraud, the Republicans win both houses of Congress and rioters in the street, educated by four years of the big lie, demand what they see as justice. Would the gamers stand on principle if those were the circumstances of Jan. 6, 2025?To be sure, this moment is also a chance. It is possible that a divided Republican Party might better serve American democracy; that the gamers, separated from the breakers, might start to think of policy as a way to win elections. It is very likely that the Biden-Harris administration will have an easier first few months than expected; perhaps obstructionism will give way, at least among a few Republicans and for a short time, to a moment of self-questioning. Politicians who want Trumpism to end have a simple way forward: Tell the truth about the election.America will not survive the big lie just because a liar is separated from power. It will need a thoughtful repluralization of media and a commitment to facts as a public good. The racism structured into every aspect of the coup attempt is a call to heed our own history. Serious attention to the past helps us to see risks but also suggests future possibility. We cannot be a democratic republic if we tell lies about race, big or small. Democracy is not about minimizing the vote nor ignoring it, neither a matter of gaming nor of breaking a system, but of accepting the equality of others, heeding their voices and counting their votes.Timothy Snyder is the Levin professor of history at Yale University and the author of histories of political atrocity including “Bloodlands” and “Black Earth.” His most recent book is “Our Malady,” a memoir of his own near-fatal illness reflecting on the relationship between health and freedom. Ashley Gilbertson is an Australian photojournalist with the VII Photo Agency living in New York. Gilbertson has covered migration and conflict internationally for over 20 years.AdvertisementContinue reading the main story More