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    Mexicans Go to Polls in Historic Election, as 2 Women Vie to Lead the Country

    The voting is very likely to put a woman in the country’s presidency for the first time ever, showcasing the immense strides that females have made in Mexico’s political scene.Mexicans will vote on Sunday in an election that is groundbreaking on several fronts: it’s set to be the largest race in the country’s history, it’s already among the most violent in recent memory, and it will likely put a woman in the presidency for the first time ever.The two main contenders, who have largely split the electorate between them according to polls, are women. The front-runner is Claudia Sheinbaum, a climate scientist representing the ruling party and its party allies. Her closest competitor is Xóchitl Gálvez, a businesswoman on a ticket that includes a collection of opposition parties.Ms. Sheinbaum has had a double-digit lead in the polls for months, but the opposition has argued those numbers underestimate the true support for their candidate. In an interview, Ms. Gálvez said “there is an anti-system vote,” and if Mexicans turned out in force on Sunday, “we will win.”“She’s in the mind-set where she’s ahead by 30 points,” said Ms. Gálvez, of her rival. “But she’s going to have the surprise of her life.”Xóchitl Gálvez, a businesswoman and former senator, heads a ticket that includes opposition parties from the right, center and left.Lorenzo Hernández/EPA, via ShutterstockThe contest showcases the immense strides in Mexico’s politics made in recent years by women, who weren’t even allowed to vote in the country until 1953. Both the top candidates come with considerable experience; Ms. Gálvez was a senator and Ms. Sheinbaum governed the capital, one of the largest cities in the hemisphere.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

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    Elecciones en México: dos mujeres compiten para gobernar el país

    La votación muy probablemente le otorgará la presidencia del país a una mujer por primera vez en su historia, lo que exhibe inmensos avances de género en la escena política de México.[Estamos en WhatsApp. Empieza a seguirnos ahora]Los mexicanos votarán este domingo en unas elecciones que son pioneras en varios aspectos: será la contienda más numerosa de la historia del país, ya se encuentra entre las más violentas en memoria reciente, y muy probablemente pondrá a una mujer en la presidencia por primera vez en la historia.Según las encuestas, las dos principales candidatas han dividido en gran medida al electorado. La que va en primer lugar es Claudia Sheinbaum, una científica ambiental que representa al partido gobernante y sus aliados. Su rival más cercana es Xóchitl Gálvez, una empresaria apoyada por una coalición de partidos de oposición.Por meses, Sheinbaum ha tenido una ventaja de dos dígitos en las encuestas, pero la oposición ha alegado que esas cifras subestiman el verdadero apoyo que tiene su candidata. En una entrevista, Gálvez afirmó que “hay un voto antisistema”, y que si los mexicanos acuden en gran número a las urnas este domingo, “ganamos”.“Ella está en su lógica de que tiene 30 puntos arriba”, dijo Gálvez, sobre su rival. “Pero pues se va a llevar la sorpresa de su vida”.Xóchitl Gálvez, empresaria y exsenadora, lidera una coalición que incluye partidos de oposición de derecha, centro e izquierda.Lorenzo Hernández/EPA, vía ShutterstockWe are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

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    Las mujeres de México están alzando la voz. ¿Las escuchará una mujer presidenta?

    [Ahora también estamos en WhatsApp. Empieza a seguirnos]Mi madre nació en 1943, en un país donde no se le permitía votar. El gobierno mexicano no le otorgó a las mujeres el derecho a votar en las elecciones nacionales —o el derecho a ocupar cargos públicos a nivel nacional— hasta el 17 de octubre de 1953. Hoy, casi 71 años después, por primera vez dos mujeres encabezan la contienda electoral para ser la próxima presidenta de México: Claudia Sheinbaum, la puntera en las encuestas, y Xóchitl Gálvez. No es una hazaña menor para un país con una larga y compleja relación con el machismo, y donde cada día mueren asesinadas un promedio de 10 mujeres o niñas.Y, sin embargo, este logro a menudo se ha sentido como algo secundario en estas históricas elecciones. Sheinbaum, una científica que se presenta en la candidatura del partido gobernante, Morena, y Gálvez, una empresaria que representa a una coalición de partidos convertidos en oposición, han aludido a los logros del feminismo y su influencia en la vida pública mexicana. Pero han sido cautas respecto a detenerse demasiado en los temas de los derechos de las mujeres en sus campañas, abordando muy superficialmente el aborto y los derechos reproductivos, por lo que podría parecer cierta deferencia a los votantes conservadores. Ninguna ha presentado un plan de gobierno sólido para atender a las mujeres que las han llevado adonde están hoy.Porque, mientras México se sumía en su pesadilla de violencia generalizada, desde la guerra contra el narcotráfico respaldada por Estados Unidos, pasando por el gobierno de Felipe Calderón y hasta el sexenio del presidente saliente, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, han sido las mujeres —su incansable trabajo, su rabia infinita y su dolor cada vez más profundo— quienes le han dado a este país una brújula moral. Las movilizaciones de las mujeres han cobrado más fuerza y estruendo ante la indiferencia y la represión del gobierno; han constituido la única oposición seria contra el statu quo y han convertido las cuestiones de los derechos de las mujeres y la justicia de género en temas centrales de cualquier debate sobre nuestro futuro en común.Para ser justos, a los hombres que han aspirado a la presidencia tampoco se les ha exigido históricamente que presenten sus planes para las mujeres. Rara vez se les pregunta al respecto. Sin embargo, las mujeres constituyen algo más de la mitad del electorado mexicano, por lo que es imperativo que Sheinbaum y Gálvez hablen de sus puntos de vista y sus posturas sobre asuntos que afectarán los cuerpos, la seguridad y la vida cotidiana de las mujeres; no porque sean mujeres, sino porque son candidatas a la presidencia que luchan por representarnos a todos y todas en el más alto cargo político del país.Casi con toda seguridad, el 2 de junio una mujer recibirá el mandato de gobernarnos a todos. Será la presidenta de unos votantes profundamente preocupados por la inseguridad y la corrupción. La política de seguridad del gobierno actual —conocida como “Abrazos, no balazos”— no ha conseguido reducir la violencia desatada por la fallida y mal llamada guerra contra las drogas, hecho que se pone dolorosamente de manifiesto con el creciente número de desapariciones y los altos índices de violencia de género. Una impactante cifra de colectivos de víctimas, compuestos en su mayoría por madres, esposas, hermanas e hijas de personas desaparecidas, recorren el país con escaso o nulo presupuesto o apoyo institucionales, en ocasiones desenterrando ellas mismas los restos de sus seres queridos.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

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    Mexico’s Women Are Speaking. Will a Female President Listen?

    My mother was born in 1943 in a country where she was not allowed to vote. The Mexican government did not grant women the right to vote in national elections — or the right to hold public office on a national level — until Oct. 17, 1953. Now, almost 71 years later, for the first time two women are leading the race to be Mexico’s next president: Claudia Sheinbaum, who is the front-runner, and Xóchitl Gálvez. It is no small feat for a country with a longstanding and complex relationship with machismo, and where every day some 10 women or girls are killed on average.And yet this accomplishment has often felt like an afterthought during this historic election. Ms. Sheinbaum, a scientist running on the ticket of the ruling Morena party, and Ms. Gálvez, a businesswoman representing a mix of parties from the political establishment, have nodded at the achievements of feminism and its influence on Mexico’s public life. But they have been cautious about lingering too long on women’s issues in their campaigns, conspicuously tiptoeing around abortion and reproductive rights, seemingly out of deference to conservative voters. Neither candidate has put forth a strong agenda to serve the women who put them where they are today.For as Mexico descended into its nightmare of generalized violence, from the U.S.-backed war on drugs to the government of Felipe Calderón and the administration of outgoing President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, it has been women — their tireless work, infinite rage and deepening sorrow — who have provided a moral compass to this nation. Women’s mobilizations have grown stronger and louder in the face of government indifference and repression, mounting the only serious opposition against the status quo and making women’s issues and gender justice central to any discussion of our shared future.To be fair, male candidates have not historically been required to present their agenda for women either. They are seldom even asked about it. But women constitute a little over half of the Mexican electorate; it is imperative that Ms. Sheinbaum and Ms. Gálvez discuss their views and positions on issues that will affect women’s bodies, security and everyday life — not because they are women, but because they are presidential candidates, striving to represent all of us in the highest political office in the country.On June 2, a woman will almost certainly be given a mandate to govern all of us. She will preside over an electorate that is deeply concerned about insecurity and corruption. The security policy of the current administration — known as “Hugs Not Bullets” — has failed to meaningfully de-escalate the violence unleashed by America’s failed drug policy, a fact painfully brought home by the ever-growing number of disappearances and high rates of gender-related violence. A staggering number of victims’ collectives, made up mostly of the mothers, wives, sisters and daughters of the disappeared, travel the nation with little to no funding or institutional support, sometimes unearthing the remains of their loved ones.Women marched to celebrate International Day for the Elimination of Violence Against Women in Mexico City on Nov. 25, 2023.Aurea Del Rosario/Associated PressWe are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber? Log in.Want all of The Times? Subscribe. More

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    Elecciones en México 2024: lo que hay que saber

    Esto es lo que hay que saber:¿Por qué son importantes estas elecciones en México?¿Quiénes son las candidatas a la presidencia de México?¿Cuáles son los principales temas de las elecciones?¿Quién se espera que gane?¿Cuándo se sabrán los resultados de las elecciones del 2024 en México?¿Cómo puedo saber más?¿Por qué son importantes estas elecciones en México?Las votaciones del 2 de junio serán históricas de distintas maneras.Serán los mayores comicios del país en cuanto a votantes y cargos. Se espera que casi 99 millones de personas emitan su voto para elegir más de 20.000 cargos locales, estatales y en el Congreso, así como la presidencia del país.Y, por primera vez en su historia, el país elegirá a una presidenta, ya que las dos principales candidatas que postulan al cargo son mujeres.El presidente de México, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, no tiene permitido volver a contender, según lo establecido por la Constitución, y ha respaldado con fuerza a su protegida y correligionaria del partido Morena, Claudia Sheinbaum, quien promete continuar con la agenda del actual mandatario. Su principal competencia es Xóchitl Gálvez, una crítica del gobierno de López Obrador que promete que hará que vuelvan los pesos y contrapeso al gobierno.La ganadora será responsable de nominar a un nuevo juez de la Suprema Corte de Justicia de la Nación. Si gana Sheinbaum, se espera que elija a alguien de su partido, lo cual podría cambiar el equilibrio de la corte en un momento en que ha servido de contrapeso al gobierno actual.¿Quiénes son las candidatas a la presidencia de México?Las dos principales contendientes son Sheinbaum, física y otrora jefa de gobierno de la Ciudad de México, y Gálvez, exsenadora y empresaria tecnológica que a menudo se ha identificado con una agenda progresista.Varios factores le dan la ventaja a Sheinbaum y el partido Morena. En gran medida, tal vez se deba a los altos índices de aprobación de López Obrador. Sheinbaum ha prometido seguir con la agenda de López Obrador, en parte al consolidar algunos de sus principales proyectos de infraestructura, llevando a cabo sus medidas de austeridad y mantener sus programas de bienestar social.

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    Mexico’s 2024 General Election: What to Know

    Why does this election matter?Who are the candidates?What are the main issues?Who is expected to win?When will we learn the result?Where can I find out more?Why does this election matter?Mexico’s vote on June 2 will be a landmark election in several ways.It will be the country’s largest election in terms of voters and seats. Nearly 99 million people are expected to cast a ballot for more than 20,000 local, state and congressional posts as well as for the presidency.And for the first time in the country’s history, Mexico will elect a female president, as the top two candidates running for the office are women.President Andrés Manuel López Obrador cannot run again under the constitution, and he has strongly backed his protégée and fellow Morena party member, Claudia Sheinbaum, who pledges to continue the current leader’s agenda. Her primary opponent is Xóchitl Gálvez, a strong critic of the López Obrador administration who vows to return checks and balances to government.The winner will be responsible for nominating a new Supreme Court judge. If Ms. Sheinbaum is elected, she is expected to nominate an ally of her Morena party, which could shift the court’s balance at a time when it has stood as a counterweight to the López Obrador administration.Who are the candidates?The top two candidates are Ms. Sheinbaum, a physicist and former mayor of Mexico City, and Ms. Gálvez, a former senator and outspoken tech entrepreneur who has often adhered to progressive politics.Several factors favor Ms. Sheinbaum and her Morena party; above all, perhaps, is Mr. López Obrador’s high approval rating. Ms. Sheinbaum has pledged to continue Mr. López Obrador’s agenda, in large part by consolidating some of his major infrastructure projects, carrying out his austerity measures and preserving his social welfare programs.

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    Mexico’s Next President Will Be a Woman

    Mexico will elect its first woman as president next year after the governing party chose Claudia Sheinbaum to square off against the opposition’s candidate, Xóchitl Gálvez.Mexico’s governing party chose Claudia Sheinbaum, a former mayor of Mexico City, as its candidate in next year’s presidential election on Wednesday, creating a watershed moment in the world’s largest Spanish-speaking country, with voters expected to choose for the first time between two leading candidates who are women.“Today democracy won. Today the people of Mexico decided,” Ms. Sheinbaum said during the announcement, adding that her party, Morena, would win the 2024 election. “Tomorrow begins the electoral process,” she said. “And there is no minute to lose.”Ms. Sheinbaum, 61, a physicist with a doctorate in environmental engineering and a protégé of Mexico’s current president, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, will face off against the opposition’s top contender, Xóchitl Gálvez, 60, an outspoken engineer with Indigenous roots who rose from poverty to become a tech entrepreneur.“We can already say today: Mexico, by the end of next year, will be governed by a woman,” said Jesús Silva-Herzog Márquez, a political scientist at Mexico’s Monterrey Institute of Technology, adding that it was an “extraordinary change” for the country.Ms. Sheinbaum has built her political career mostly in the shadow of Mr. López Obrador, and had emerged early on as the party’s favored pick to succeed the current president. That connection is thought to give her a crucial edge heading into next year’s election thanks to the high approval ratings enjoyed by Mr. López Obrador, who is limited by Mexico’s Constitution to one six-year term.In recent months, Mr. López Obrador has insisted that he will hold no influence once he finishes his term. “I am going to retire completely,” he said in March. “I am not a chieftain, much less do I feel irreplaceable. I am not a strongman; I am not a messiah.”President Andrés Manuel López Obrador is constitutionally limited to one six-year term.Alejandro Cegarra for The New York TimesBut some analysts say his influence will endure regardless of which candidate wins in 2024. Should Ms. Sheinbaum win, “there may be changes to certain policies, though the broad strokes of his agenda will remain intact,” according to a recent report by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a research institute in WashingtonIf she is defeated, Mr. López Obrador “will not fade quietly into the background,” the report said, citing a large base of loyal supporters allowing him to command substantial influence. Some legacies of his administration — including austerity measures or the immersion of the military into social, security and infrastructure roles — could also be obstacles for Ms. Gálvez if she seeks to roll back his policies.As the two female candidates target weaknesses in each other’s campaigns, they share some similarities. While neither are explicitly feminist, both are socially progressive, have engineering degrees and say they will maintain broadly popular antipoverty programs.Both women also support decriminalizing abortion. In Ms. Gálvez’s case, that position stands in contrast to that of her conservative party. Mexico’s Supreme Court on Wednesday decriminalized abortion nationwide, building on an earlier ruling giving officials the authority to allow the procedure on a state-by-state basis.Ms. Sheinbaum, who was born to Jewish parents in Mexico City, would become Mexico’s first Jewish president if she wins the race. She has faced a misinformation campaign on social media claiming falsely that she was born in Bulgaria, the country from which her mother emigrated; supporters of Ms. Sheinbaum have called this effort antisemitic.Ms. Sheinbaum would become Mexico’s first Jewish president if she wins the race.Meghan Dhaliwal for The New York TimesShe studied physics and energy engineering in Mexico before carrying out her doctoral research at California’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. After entering politics, she became Mr. López Obrador’s top environmental official when he was mayor of Mexico City.When Ms. Sheinbaum herself was elected mayor of the capital in 2018, she took on public transit and environmental issues as top priorities, but was also the target of criticism over fatal mishaps in the city’s transportation systems, including the collapse of a metro overpass in which 26 people were killed.With polls positioning Ms. Sheinbaum as the front-runner, her ties to Mr. López Obrador required discipline to maintain his support even when she may not have agreed with his decisions. For instance, when Mr. López Obrador minimized the coronavirus pandemic and federal government officials tweaked data to avoid a lockdown in Mexico City, she remained silent.“What has stood out is her loyalty, I think a blind loyalty, to the president,” said Mr. Silva-Herzog Márquez, the political scientist.Still, while hewing to Mr. López Obrador’s policies, Ms. Sheinbaum has also signaled some potential changes, notably expressing support for renewable energy sources.Drawing a contrast with her rival, Ms. Gálvez, a senator who often gets around Mexico City on an electric bicycle, has focused on her origins as the daughter of an Indigenous Otomí father and a mestiza mother.Xóchitl Gálvez, the top opposition candidate, has Indigenous roots and rose from poverty to become a tech entrepreneur.Claudio Cruz/Agence France-Presse — Getty ImagesMs. Gálvez grew up in a small town about two hours from Mexico City without running water and speaking her father’s Hñähñu language. After receiving a scholarship to the National Autonomous University of Mexico, she became an engineer and founded a company that designs communications and energy networks for office buildings.After Vicente Fox won the presidency in 2000, she was appointed as head of the presidential office for Indigenous peoples. In 2018, Ms. Gálvez was elected senator representing the conservative National Action Party.Mr. López Obrador has repeatedly made her the focus of verbal attacks, which has had the effect of raising her profile around the country while highlighting the sway that the president and his party exert across Mexico.A combative leader who has embraced austerity measures while doubling down on Mexico’s reliance on fossil fuels, Mr. López Obrador looms over the campaigning. He pledged to do away with a long-held political tradition whereby Mexican presidents handpicked their successors with their “big finger,” replacing the practice with nationwide voter surveys.Historically, political parties in Mexico mostly selected their candidates in ways that were opaque and lacked much inclusion. Handpicking was more common than a “free and fair competition for a candidacy,” said Flavia Freidenberg, a political scientist at the National Autonomous University of Mexico.The new selection process has changed that tradition, but concerns persist over a lack of clarity and other irregularities that have been denounced by some analysts and other presidential hopefuls. Both the governing party, Morena, and the broad opposition coalition, called the Broad Front for Mexico, used public opinion polls “that have not been fully transparent,” Ms. Freidenberg added, “and are not necessarily considered democratic procedures.”The new procedures also ignored federal campaign regulations, with those at the helm of the process in both the governing party and the opposition moving the selection forward by a few months and cryptically calling Ms. Sheinbaum and Ms. Gálvez “coordinators” of each coalition instead of “candidates.”“These irregular activities have occurred under the gaze of public opinion, the political class and the electoral authorities,” Ms. Freidenberg said. “This is not a minor issue.”Next year’s general election, in which voters will elect not only a president but members of Congress, might also determine whether Mexico may return to a dominant-party system — similar to what the country experienced under the once-hegemonic Institutional Revolutionary Party, which held uninterrupted power for 71 years until 2000.Despite some setbacks, there are signs this is already happening. In June, Morena’s candidate won the governor’s race in the State of Mexico, the country’s most populous state, defeating the Institutional Revolutionary Party’s candidate.That victory brought the number of states under Morena’s control to 23 out of 32 states, up from just seven at the start of the president’s term in 2018.The question is “whether Morena reconfigures itself into a hegemonic party like the old PRI,” said Ana Laura Magaloni, a law professor who advised Ms. Sheinbaum’s mayoral campaign. “And that depends on how much of a fight the opposition can put up.” More