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    Por qué un segundo mandato de Trump sería más radical

    En la primavera de 1989, el Partido Comunista de China usó tanques y soldados para reprimir una protesta a favor de la democracia en la plaza de Tiananmén de Pekín. La mayor parte de Occidente, más allá de las líneas partidistas tradicionales, se horrorizó ante la represión que mató a cientos de estudiantes activistas. Pero un conocido estadounidense quedó impresionado.“Cuando los estudiantes se congregaron en la plaza de Tiananmén, el gobierno chino casi lo arruina”, dijo Donald Trump en una entrevista con la revista Playboy el año después de la masacre. “Después, se ensañaron, fueron horribles, pero los suprimieron con fuerza. Eso demuestra el poder de la fuerza. En este momento, nuestro país es percibido como débil”.Fue una frase sin importancia en una amplia entrevista, concedida a un periodista que escribía el perfil de un famoso hombre de negocios de 43 años que por entonces no era un actor en la política nacional ni en los asuntos mundiales. Pero a la luz de lo que Trump ha llegado a ser, su apología de la represión despiadada de los manifestantes democráticos está impregnada de presagios.La retórica violenta y autoritaria en la campaña hacia 2024 de Trump ha ocasionado una alarma creciente y comparaciones con dictadores fascistas de la historia así como con caudillos populistas contemporáneos. En semanas recientes ha deshumanizado a sus adversarios al llamarlos “plagas” que deben ser “erradicadas”, ha declarado que los inmigrantes “envenenan la sangre de nuestro país”, ha alentado disparar contra los ladrones e insinuado que el expresidente del Estado Mayor Conjunto, Mark Milley, merecía ser ejecutado por traición.Ahora que se postula de nuevo a la presidencia al tiempo que enfrenta cuatro procesos penales, Trump puede parecer más enfadado, desesperado y peligroso para la democracia al estilo estadounidense que en su primer mandato. Pero la línea directa que emerge es anterior: lleva décadas glorificando la violencia política y elogiando a los autócratas.Fani Willis, fiscala del condado de Fulton, Georgia, presentó una de las acusaciones a las que se enfrenta TrumpKenny Holston/The New York TimesComo candidato presidencial en julio de 2016, elogió al exdictador iraquí Sadam Huseín por haber sido “tan bueno” matando terroristas. Meses después de su investidura, dijo al líder autócrata de Filipinas, Rodrigo Duterte, que su brutal campaña de miles de ejecuciones extrajudiciales en nombre de la lucha contra las drogas era “un trabajo increíble”. Y a lo largo de sus cuatro años en el Despacho Oval, Trump traspasó los límites y violó las normas democráticas.Un segundo mandato de Trump sería distinto no tanto por su carácter sino por su entorno. Todas las fuerzas que en cierto modo contuvieron sus tendencias autócratas en su primera presidencia (miembros del personal que consideraban que su trabajo era a veces contenerlo, los pocos republicanos del Congreso dispuestos por momentos a criticarlo u oponerse a él, un equilibrio partidista en la Corte Suprema que a veces fallaba en su contra) serían más débiles.En consecuencia, los planes políticos y las ideas más extremas de Trump y sus asesores para un segundo mandato tendrían más posibilidades de hacerse realidad.Una agenda radicalSin duda, parte de lo que Trump y sus aliados están planeando está en línea con lo que un presidente republicano cualquiera podría hacer. Por ejemplo, es muy probable que Trump dé marcha atrás a muchas de las políticas del presidente Joe Biden diseñadas para frenar las emisiones de carbono y acelerar la transición a los vehículos eléctricos. Tal retroceso de varias normas y políticas debilitaría significativamente las protecciones al medioambiente, pero gran parte de los cambios reflejan el escepticismo conservador habitual y de larga data e torno las regulaciones medioambientales.Sin embargo, hay otros aspectos de la agenda de Trump que tienden a la aberración. Ningún otro presidente estadounidense había contemplado la posibilidad de retirarse de la OTAN, la alianza militar de Estados Unidos con las democracias occidentales. Trump dijo que reevaluaría a fondo “el propósito y la misión de la OTAN” en un segundo mandato.También dijo que le ordenaría al Ejército atacar a los cárteles de la droga en México, algo que violaría el derecho internacional a menos que el gobierno mexicano diera su consentimiento. Lo más probable es que no lo haga.Del mismo modo, afirmó que desplegaría al Ejército en el territorio estadounidense. Aunque en general es ilegal utilizar soldados para hacer cumplir las leyes nacionales, la Ley de Insurrección permite excepciones. Después de que algunas manifestaciones contra la violencia policial en 2020 se convirtieron en disturbios, Trump hizo redactar una orden para emplear tropas a fin de reprimir a los manifestantes en Washington, D. C., pero no la firmó. Este año, en un mitin en Iowa, dio a entender que tiene la intención de enviar unilateralmente tropas a ciudades gobernadas por demócratas para que se respete el orden público en general.“Miras a cualquier estado gobernado por demócratas, y simplemente no es lo mismo, no funciona”, dijo Trump a la multitud, llamando a ciudades como Nueva York, Chicago, Los Ángeles y San Francisco guaridas del crimen. “No podemos permitirlo por más tiempo. Y una de las otras cosas que voy a hacer —porque no se supone que uno participe en eso, solo puede solicitarlo el gobernador o el alcalde que uno vaya— la próxima vez, no voy a esperar”.Los planes de Trump de expulsar a los inmigrantes que se encuentran en el país de manera ilegal incluyen hacer redadas masivas, instalar enormes campos de detención, deportar a millones de personas al año, poner fin al asilo, acabar con la ciudadanía por derecho de nacimiento para los bebés nacidos en suelo estadounidense de padres que viven en el país ilegalmente e invocar la Ley de Insurrección cerca de la frontera sur para que los soldados también actúen como agentes de inmigración.Trump tiene planes radicales para hacer frente a los inmigrantes indocumentados.Verónica G. Cárdenas para The New York TimesTrump buscaría expandir las facultades presidenciales de muchas maneras, entre ellas al concentrar una mayor autoridad del poder ejecutivo en la Casa Blanca, acabar con la independencia de las agencias creadas por el Congreso para operar al margen del control presidencial y reducir las protecciones a la función pública para facilitar el despido y contratación de decenas de miles de empleados gubernamentales.Más que cualquier otra cosa, la promesa de Trump de utilizar el Departamento de Justicia para vengarse de sus adversarios es un franco desafío a los valores democráticos. Teniendo en cuenta cómo trató de conseguir que los fiscales persiguieran a sus enemigos cuando estaba en el cargo, pondría fin a la norma de independencia investigadora del control político de la Casa Blanca que surgió después de Watergate.En todos estos esfuerzos, Trump estaría respaldado en un segundo mandato por una infraestructura externa bien financiada. En 2016, los laboratorios de ideas conservadores eran bastiones del republicanismo al estilo de George W. Bush. Pero han surgido otros nuevos dirigidos por veteranos del gobierno de Trump, y la venerada Heritage Foundation se ha remodelado para mantenerse en sintonía con el trumpismo.Una coalición ha estado elaborando planes políticos al estilo de “Estados Unidos Primero” (America First) apodados Proyecto 2025. (La campaña de Trump ha expresado su aprecio, pero ha dicho que solo cuentan los planes anunciados por él o por su campaña). Mientras que algunas de las propuestas que se están desarrollando en esos lugares impulsarían los objetivos tradicionales de los megadonantes republicanos —como frenar las regulaciones a las empresas— otras están más en sintonía con los intereses personales de Trump.El Center for Renewing America, por ejemplo, ha publicado un documento titulado “El Departamento de Justicia de Estados Unidos no es independiente”. El documento fue escrito por Jeffrey Clark, a quien Trump casi nombró fiscal general en funciones para ayudar a su intento de subvertir las elecciones y quien enfrenta a cargos penales en Georgia en relación con ese esfuerzo.Cuando se le pidió un comentario al respecto, un vocero de Trump no entró en detalles, pero sí criticó a The New York Times y afirmó que Trump era “estricto con la delincuencia”.Protecciones debilitadasYa desde que se postuló en 2016, Trump incumplió las normas democráticas.Calificó de fraude su derrota en los caucus de Iowa sin tener pruebas e insinuó que solo consideraría legítimos los resultados de las elecciones generales si ganaba. Amenazó con encarcelar a Hillary Rodham Clinton, tachó de violadores a los inmigrantes mexicanos y prometió prohibir la entrada de los musulmanes a Estados Unidos. Se ofreció a pagarle abogados defensores a los simpatizantes que en sus mítines golpearan a manifestantes y azuzó el odio contra los periodistas que cubrían sus eventos.Ya en la presidencia, Trump se negó a dejar de lado sus negocios, y quienes querían congraciarse con él reservaban costosos bloques de habitaciones en sus hoteles. A pesar de la existencia de una ley contra el nepotismo, dio puestos en la Casa Blanca a su hija y a su yerno. Utilizó poderes de emergencia para destinar al muro fronterizo más fondos de los autorizados por el Congreso. Sus abogados propusieron indultar a su presidente de campaña, a quien Trump elogió por no “voltearse” cuando los fiscales intentaron (infructuosamente) que cooperara como testigo en la investigación sobre Rusia; Trump al final lo indultaría.La hija de Trump, Ivanka Trump, y su yerno, Jared Kushner, recibieron puestos en la Casa Blanca a pesar de una ley contra el nepotismoAl Drago para The New York TimesSin embargo, algunas de sus infracciones a las normas que podían ser más graves no se llegaron a realizar.Trump presionó al Departamento de Justicia para que procesara a sus adversarios. El Departamento de Justicia abrió varias investigaciones penales, desde la inspección al exsecretario de Estado John Kerry y el exdirector del FBI James Comey, hasta el intento de un fiscal especial, John Durham, por encontrar fundamentos para acusar a funcionarios de seguridad nacional de la era de Barack Obama, o a Hillary Clinton de delitos relacionados con los orígenes de la investigación sobre Rusia. Pero, para enojo de Trump, los fiscales decidieron no presentar tales cargos.Y fueron infructuosas las acciones que motivaron que se le realizaran juicios políticos. Trump intentó coaccionar a Ucrania para que abriera una investigación penal contra Biden al retener ayuda militar, pero no funcionó. También trató de revertir su derrota electoral en 2020 y alentó el ataque al Capitolio, pero el vicepresidente Mike Pence y las mayorías del Congreso rechazaron su intento de mantenerse en el poder.Existen motivos para creer que varios obstáculos y baluartes que limitaron a Trump en su primer mandato estarían ausentes en un segundo.Parte de lo que Trump intentó hacer se vio frustrado por la incompetencia y la disfunción de su equipo inicial. Pero a lo largo de cuatro años, quienes se quedaron con él aprendieron a ejercer el poder con mayor eficacia. Por ejemplo, después de que los tribunales bloquearon su primera prohibición de ingreso a ciertos viajeros internacionales, que se había elaborado de manera descuidada, su equipo desarrolló una versión que la Corte Suprema permitió que entrara en vigor.Los nombramientos que realizó durante cuatro años crearon una supermayoría republicana atrincherada en la Corte Suprema que con toda seguridad ahora se pondría de su lado en algunos casos que perdió, como la decisión de 5 contra 4 votos que en junio de 2020 le impidió poner fin a un programa que protege de la deportación a ciertas personas que viven ilegalmente en el país y que fueron traídas de niños y crecieron como estadounidenses.Los republicanos del Congreso fueron a menudo sus socios y facilitadores, colaborando con él para ratificar jueces y recortar impuestos a las empresas, al tiempo que ejercían una escasa supervisión. Pero algunos republicanos clave del Congreso denunciaron ocasionalmente su retórica o frenaron sus propuestas más perturbadoras.En 2017, el entonces senador Bob Corker reprendió a Trump por hacer amenazas imprudentes a Corea del Norte en Twitter, y el entonces senador John McCain proporcionó el voto decisivo contra la presión de Trump para rescindir, sin un plan de reemplazo, una ley que hace que la cobertura de seguro de salud esté ampliamente disponible.Es probable que los republicanos en el Congreso sean aún más flexibles en un segundo mandato de Trump. El partido se ha acostumbrado más e incluso se ha entusiasmado con la voluntad de Trump de pasarse de la raya. Y Trump ha desgastado, superado, intimidado hasta la sumisión o expulsado a destacados legisladores republicanos que tienen una posición independiente y han demostrado una disposición ocasional de oponerse a él.McCain, que fue el candidato presidencial del Partido Republicano en 2008, murió en 2018. La excongresista Liz Cheney, que votó a favor de la destitución de Trump por incitar a los disturbios del 6 de enero de 2021 y ayudó a dirigir el comité que investigó esos acontecimientos, perdió su escaño ante un aspirante favorable a Trump. El senador Mitt Romney, candidato presidencial republicano en 2012 y único senador del Partido Republicano que votó a favor de la condena de Trump en su primer juicio político, se está jubilando.La congresista Liz Cheney, en el centro a la derecha, ayudó a dirigir la investigación del ataque del 6 de enero de 2021 en el Capitolio y más tarde perdió en las primarias contra un candidato favorable a Trump.Doug Mills/The New York TimesEl miedo a la violencia de los partidarios de Trump también refuerza el control. En libros recientes, tanto Romney como Cheney escribieron que algunos colegas republicanos, a quienes no nombraron, les dijeron que querían votar contra Trump en los procedimientos de destitución relacionados con el 6 de enero, pero que no lo hicieron por temor a su seguridad y la de sus familias.El personal hace políticasQuizá el contrapeso más importante a la presidencia de Trump fue la resistencia interna de su gobierno a algunas de sus demandas más extremas. Una seguidilla de personas a las que nombró en altos cargos y despidió ha advertido desde entonces que no está capacitado para ser presidente, entre ellos John Kelly, quien fungió como jefe de personal de la Casa Blanca; los exsecretarios de Defensa Jim Mattis y Mark Esper; el exasesor de seguridad nacional John Bolton, así como el exfiscal general William Barr, entre otros.Por su parte, Trump ha calificado a todos ellos de débiles, estúpidos y desleales. En privado, ha dicho a sus allegados que sus mayores errores tuvieron que ver con las personas que nombró, en particular a su elegido para fiscal general. Los asesores que se han quedado con él están decididos a que, si gana un nuevo mandato, no habrá funcionarios que obstaculicen su agenda de manera intencional.Además de elaborar documentos de formulación de políticas, la coalición de laboratorios de ideas dirigidos por personas afines a Trump también recopiló una base de datos de miles de posibles reclutas que ya cuentan con el visto bueno para formar parte del equipo de transición en caso de que Trump gane las elecciones. Quienes fueron altos funcionarios del gobierno de Trump realizan esfuerzos similares para prepararse a fin de abastecer al gobierno de abogados que podrían encontrar maneras de lograr que se aprueben las ideas radicales de la Casa Blanca en lugar de plantear objeciones legales.Estos esfuerzos de dotación de personal estarían fundamentados en un cambio ocurrido en su último año como presidente. En 2020, Trump sustituyó a asesores que habían intentado controlarlo e instaló a un joven ayudante, John McEntee, para eliminar a otros funcionarios considerados poco leales.Dependiendo de las elecciones al Senado, la confirmación de nominados particularmente polémicos para puestos importantes podría ser un desafío. Pero otra violación de las normas que Trump fue desarrollando gradualmente fue hacer un uso agresivo de su poder para cubrir temporalmente vacantes con jefes “en funciones” para puestos que se supone que deben someterse a la confirmación del Senado.En 2020, por ejemplo, Trump nombró a Richard Grenell —un combativo aliado de Trump y exembajador en Alemania— como director interino de inteligencia nacional. Dos líderes de inteligencia anteriores de la era Trump habían enojado al presidente al defender una evaluación de que Rusia había intentado encubiertamente ayudar a su campaña de 2016 y al informar a los líderes demócratas que lo estaba haciendo de nuevo en 2020. Grenell, en cambio, se ganó los elogios de Trump al utilizar el puesto para desclasificar materiales sensibles que los republicanos utilizaron para caracterizar la investigación de Rusia como sospechosa.Richard Grenell fue uno de los jefes en funciones nombrados por Trump para puestos que deben pasar por la confirmación del Senado. Se convirtió en director en funciones de la inteligencia nacional.Pete Marovich para The New York TimesDespués de que Trump dejó el cargo, hubo muchas propuestas para codificar en leyes las normas democráticas que había infringido. Entre las ideas propuestas estaban imponer límites más estrictos al uso de los poderes presidenciales de emergencia, exigir la divulgación de sus declaraciones de impuestos, dar fuerza a la prohibición constitucional a recibir pagos externos y dificultar el abuso al poder de indulto y su autoridad sobre los fiscales.En diciembre de 2021, cuando los demócratas aún controlaban la Cámara de Representantes, esta aprobó muchas de estas propuestas como la Ley de Protección de Nuestra Democracia. Todos los republicanos menos uno —el entonces representante Adam Kinzinger, que se jubilaba tras haber votado a favor de la destitución de Trump después de los disturbios del 6 de enero— votaron en contra del proyecto de ley, que fracasó en el Senado.El debate en la Cámara se desarrolló en gran medida sobre una premisa que reducía su urgencia: Trump ya no estaba. Los demócratas abogaron por considerar que las reformas se referían a futuros presidentes, mientras que los republicanos las rechazaron como un golpe innecesario a Trump.“Donald Trump —por desgracia— ya no es presidente”, dijo el representante Rick Crawford, republicano por Arkansas. “Es hora de dejar de vivir en el pasado”.Charlie Savage escribe sobre seguridad nacional y política legal. Ganador del premio Pulitzer por sus reportajes sobre el poder presidencial, es también autor de los libros Takeover y Power Wars. Más de Charlie SavageJonathan Swan es periodista de política que cubre las elecciones presidenciales de 2024 y la campaña de Donald Trump. Más de Jonathan SwanMaggie Haberman es corresponsal política sénior y autora de Confidence Man: The Making of Donald Trump and the Breaking of America. Formó parte del equipo que ganó un premio Pulitzer en 2018 por informar sobre los asesores del presidente Trump y sus conexiones con Rusia. Más de Maggie Haberman More

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    Nikki Haley’s Moment

    Rob Szypko, Mary Wilson and Marion Lozano, Rowan Niemisto and Listen and follow The DailyApple Podcasts | Spotify | Amazon MusicOver the last few months, Nikki Haley has gained enough in the polls to suggest she is on the verge of surpassing Ron DeSantis as the main threat to Donald J. Trump in the race to become the Republican candidate for 2024.Jazmine Ulloa, a national politics reporter for The Times; and Nate Cohn, The Times’s chief political analyst, discuss her building momentum and examine how far she might go.On today’s episodeJazmine Ulloa, a national politics reporter for The New York Times.Nate Cohn, The New York Times’s chief political analyst.Nikki Haley has gained with educated and relatively moderate Republicans and independents, but that could also be a big liability in today’s G.O.P.Maansi Srivastava/The New York TimesBackground readingNikki Haley’s path from Trump critic to defender and back.Why is Ms. Haley’s star rising among the rivals to Mr. Trump?Here are five takeaways from the Republican debate last night.There are a lot of ways to listen to The Daily. Here’s how.We aim to make transcripts available the next workday after an episode’s publication. You can find them at the top of the page.Jazmine Ulloa More

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    Inside Donald Trump’s Dominance of a Primary He Wasn’t Supposed to Win

    Listen and follow ‘The Run-Up’Apple Podcasts | Spotify | AmazonDoug Mills/The New York TimesThere was a moment in early 2023 when Donald Trump seemed like a politician in decline.And it wasn’t just his political opponents who thought so. National Republicans, who blamed Mr. Trump for the party’s run of bad results in the midterms, largely agreed.But now it’s starting to set in: It appears the former president’s staying power was underestimated … again. Mr. Trump is the overwhelming favorite to be the Republican presidential nominee — and his supporters remain the most influential force in the party’s politics.This week, through conversations at an event with South Carolina Republicans, we try to understand why the party continues to back an embattled Mr. Trump — and how it came to feel as though this primary ended before it even began. Then, Astead talks with Jonathan Swan, a New York Times political reporter, about how the Trump team has approached this campaign with discipline and strategy, and what it is planning should he win back the White House.About ‘The Run-Up’“The Run-Up” is your guide to understanding the 2024 election. Through on-the-ground reporting and conversations with New York Times colleagues, newsmakers and voters across the country, our host, Astead W. Herndon, takes us beyond the horse race to explore how we got to this unprecedented moment in American politics. New episodes on Thursdays.Credits“The Run-Up” is hosted by More

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    Colorado Supreme Court Takes Up Trump’s Eligibility to Be President

    A district court judge ruled last month that the 14th Amendment barred insurrectionists from every office except the nation’s highest. “How is that not absurd?” one justice asked of that notion.The Colorado Supreme Court heard arguments Wednesday on the question of whether former President Donald J. Trump is barred from holding office again under Section 3 of the 14th Amendment, which disqualifies people who engaged in insurrection against the Constitution after taking an oath to support it.Several of the seven justices appeared skeptical of arguments made by a lawyer for Mr. Trump, including the core one that a district court judge relied on in a ruling last month ordering Mr. Trump to be included on the Colorado primary ballot: that Section 3 did not apply to the presidency. The Colorado Supreme Court is hearing an appeal of that ruling as part of a lawsuit brought by Republican and independent voters in the state who, in seeking to keep Mr. Trump off the ballot, have contended the opposite.“How is that not absurd?” Justice Richard L. Gabriel asked of the notion that the lawmakers who wrote Section 3 in the wake of the Civil War had intended to disqualify insurrectionists from every office except the nation’s highest.Section 3 lists a number of positions an insurrectionist is disqualified from holding but not explicitly the presidency, so challenges to Mr. Trump’s eligibility rely on the argument that the presidency is included in the phrases “officer of the United States” and “any office, civil or military, under the United States.” It also does not specify who gets to decide whether someone is an insurrectionist: election officials and courts, as the petitioners argue, or Congress itself, as Mr. Trump’s team argues.Mr. Trump’s lawyer, Scott Gessler, suggested on Wednesday that the lawmakers had trusted the Electoral College to prevent an insurrectionist from becoming president, and that they had known the Northern states held enough electoral power after the Civil War to prevent a Confederate leader from winning a national election anyway.Justice Gabriel did not seem satisfied, and neither did colleagues who jumped in with follow-up questions. Justice Monica M. Márquez asked why lawmakers would have chosen the “indirect” route of blocking someone only through the Electoral College. And Justice Melissa Hart asked whether Mr. Gessler’s interpretation of Section 3 would have allowed Jefferson Davis, the leader of the Confederacy, to become president.We are having trouble retrieving the article content.Please enable JavaScript in your browser settings.Thank you for your patience while we verify access. If you are in Reader mode please exit and log into your Times account, or subscribe for all of The Times.Thank you for your patience while we verify access.Already a subscriber?  More

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    Nevada Charges Republican Party Leaders in 2020 Fake Elector Scheme

    The six Republicans charged on Wednesday included the state party’s chairman and vice chairman as well as the chairman of the Republican Party in Clark County.A Nevada grand jury indicted top leaders of the state’s Republican Party on charges of forging and submitting fraudulent documents in the fake elector scheme to overturn Joseph R. Biden Jr.’s victory in the 2020 presidential election, the state’s attorney general announced on Wednesday.The six Republicans charged, who claimed to be electors for Donald J. Trump, included the chairman of the state party, Michael J. McDonald. Also included are Jim Hindle, the state party’s vice chairman; Jim DeGraffenreid, a national committeeman; Jesse Law, the chairman of the Republican Party in Clark County, home to Las Vegas; and Shawn Meehan and Eileen Rice, executive board members of the Republican Party in Douglas County.“When the efforts to undermine faith in our democracy began after the 2020 election, I made it clear that I would do everything in my power to defend the institutions of our nation and our state,” Aaron D. Ford, Nevada’s attorney general and a Democrat, said in a statement. “We cannot allow attacks on democracy to go unchallenged. Today’s indictments are the product of a long and thorough investigation, and as we pursue this prosecution, I am confident that our judicial system will see justice done.”The charges are the latest in a nationwide effort by officials to prosecute those who falsely portrayed themselves as state electors in an effort to overturn Mr. Trump’s defeat in 2020. Michigan’s attorney general charged 16 Republicans in July for a similar effort in the state.The plan involved creating false slates of electors pledged to Mr. Trump in seven swing states that were won by Mr. Biden in an effort to overturn the election.Kenneth Chesebro, a key player in the fake elector scheme, is listed as a witness in the Nevada indictments. Mr. Chesebro had earlier pleaded guilty in a criminal racketeering indictment in Georgia that accused him of conspiring to overturn the 2020 election. Mr. Chesebro had also agreed to cooperate with state prosecutors in that case.The six Republicans were each charged in similar four-page indictments with one count of forging certificates designating Nevada’s electoral votes for Mr. Trump, even though Mr. Biden won the state in 2020. They were also each charged with one count of knowingly submitting these fake certificates to state and federal officials.If convicted, the false electors face a combined maximum of nine years in prison and $15,000 in fines. More

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    Our Columnists Aren’t Moderating Tonight’s Debate. Here’s What They’d Ask if They Were.

    Wednesday night’s Republican presidential debate, held in Tuscaloosa, Ala., will feature just four candidates — Nikki Haley, Ron DeSantis, Vivek Ramaswamy and Chris Christie — sparring over everything from abortion to Israel to former President Donald Trump. When we asked Times Opinion columnists and contributors what they would ask the candidates if they were moderating the debate, they came back to us with questions designed to test them on guns and crime, foreign wars and health care — exposing where the field stands on, say, military aid for Ukraine or a draconian state abortion ban. But above all, what they wanted to see was the moderators needling the candidates into taking a strong stance on the former president. Here were the responses:Maureen DowdGov. Haley, you have your first ad up about “moral clarity” and “chaos.” But you don’t mention Donald Trump. Why not?Should Donald Trump be prohibited from running for president because of Jan. 6 and all these federal charges?Kenny Holston for The New York TimesFrank BruniIf you’re elected president, would you consider pardoning Donald Trump if he’s convicted by a jury of one or more of the 91 felony counts he faces?Jamelle BouieThe Republican Party has lost the majority of the popular vote in seven out of the last eight presidential elections. Despite this, it has held the presidency for a total of 12 years because of the Electoral College. If you are the nominee in 2024 and you win the majority of the popular vote but lose the Electoral College, would you concede to Joe Biden?Ross DouthatGov. Haley, please name one United States military intervention in the last 30 years that you believe was a mistake, and explain why.Gov. DeSantis, while running for president in 2016, Donald Trump promised to replace Obamacare with some form of universal health care. Do you support repealing Obamacare with a measure that guarantees health insurance to all Americans? If not, why? If so, what would that measure be?Gov. Haley and Gov. DeSantis, if Donald Trump is the Republican nominee, is there anything he could do between now and November 2024 that would make you refuse to support him against Joe Biden? If so, please specify.For all the candidates: The Western world is aging rapidly. The Republican Party currently stands for serious restrictions on immigration. Is there any public policy that your hypothetical administration would pursue that would encourage Americans to have more kids?Erin Schaff/The New York TimesNicholas KristofGuns are the leading cause of death for children in America today. And the states with the highest firearms mortality rates are mostly Republican states. Why is that, and what specific steps can we take to reduce gun deaths in America?President Reagan was known for standing up relentlessly to Moscow. Yet if Republicans continue to block President Biden’s requests for aid to Ukraine, isn’t Russia the big winner? Has the G.O.P. come full circle from confronting Russian aggression to becoming its best hope?Michelle CottleGov. Haley, immigration policy continues to be sacrificed on the altar of political gamesmanship. Border security is important, but it is only one piece of the puzzle. As president, how would you jump-start a push for bipartisan, comprehensive reform?Mr. Ramaswamy, what would it take for you to drop out of this race and spare Americans your troll-y nonsense? A column in The Daily Caller? Your own Fox News show? The promise of a midlevel cabinet post?Gov. DeSantis, why has your candidacy been sagging? What do you plan to do to turn it around?Gov. Christie, the base seems to hate you. How do you respond to people who worry that you staying in the race any longer is helping Donald Trump by preventing non-Trump voters from consolidating behind a challenger whose campaign is getting more traction?Oleg Petrasyuk/EPA, via ShutterstockPamela PaulA question for all: Confidence in the military, while still relatively high compared with confidence in other institutions, is the lowest it’s been in over 25 years, at the same time that the military is struggling to bring in recruits. What would you do to restore trust in the military and recruit more people to volunteer for the armed services?Thomas FriedmanGov. DeSantis, if you were in Congress today, would you vote with Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell to continue military and economic aid for Ukraine and sustain Kyiv in its war with Russia for the next year, or with the House isolationists against any further aid? If it is the latter, how would you react if Vladimir Putin publicly thanked you?Gov. Haley, the late Henry Kissinger became famous for his diplomacy, with President Nixon, for peeling China away from the Soviet Union back in the 1970s. If you were president today, would you consider attempting such a move with Xi Jinping’s China, or do you think we should confront Russia and China at the same time? How would that make America more secure?Gov. Haley, as possibly America’s first Indian American president, do you think we should get tougher with President Narendra Modi to limit his curtailments of Indian democracy, or are you OK with what he’s doing?Jose Luis Gonzalez/ReutersEzra KleinGov. DeSantis and Gov. Haley, in 2021, your states — Florida and South Carolina — had higher homicide rates per capita than New York and California. That was also true in 2020, and 2019, and 2018, and 2017, and 2016 and 2015. Why is that?Michelle GoldbergTwenty women are suing Texas after being denied abortions, including in cases of severely dangerous or nonviable pregnancies. Should Texas amend its abortion ban to create a health exemption?Mikala Compton/Austin American-Statesman, via Associated PressCharles BlowGov. DeSantis, you made your crusade against what you called “wokeness” a centerpiece of your governorship and a springboard for your presidential bid. You even wrote a book in which anti-wokeness was a central theme. But over the summer, polling showed that Republican voters were unlikely to be swayed by a narrow focus on rooting out left-wing ideology in schools, media, culture and business — and you didn’t mention the word “woke” in any of the first three debates. Did you overestimate the currency anti-wokeness would have with the Republican primary electorate, and do you regret such a laserlike focus on a single cultural topic?Tressie McMillan CottomOur constitutional right of “free speech” has become a partisan issue. This is having a chilling effect on research, education and public workers. How do you define “free speech”? What role should the president and Congress play in shaping the way that free speech intersects with public institutions?The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips. And here’s our email: letters@nytimes.com.Follow the New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, X and Threads. More

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    Big Donors Rally Around Nikki Haley

    The former governor of South Carolina is winning support from some Democrats and business-minded conservatives as the G.O.P. candidate who can beat Donald Trump.Nikki Haley is beginning to gain in the polls and has won financial backing from donors such as Reid Hoffman, the LinkedIn co-founder and Democratic donor, and the Koch brothers.Maansi Srivastava/The New York TimesA bipartisan boost for HaleyAs the four remaining prominent Republican presidential contenders not named Donald Trump assemble for the latest G.O.P. primary debate tonight, just one will arrive with any sort of positive momentum.Nikki Haley is gaining traction as the leading anti-Trump Republican, particularly among Democrats and business-minded conservatives alike. But growing support from elites may not be enough to help her catch the former president.Reid Hoffman recently donated $250,000 to a super PAC supporting Haley. The LinkedIn co-founder and a major Democratic donor has funded an array of anti-Trump initiatives. His donation, first reported by The Times, is the latest sign that some Democrats see bolstering Haley as the best way to beat Trump.News of Hoffman’s contribution came after Jamie Dimon, JPMorgan Chase’s C.E.O., urged liberals to back Haley. “Get a choice on the Republican side that might be better than Trump,” he said at the DealBook Summit last week. That’s on top of growing support from business-minded Republicans. The political network founded by Charles and David Koch recently endorsed Haley, and deep-pocketed donors including Stanley Druckenmiller and Andy Sabin have attended fund-raising events for her.A reality check: Despite skipping all of the Republican primary debates and facing a staggering array of criminal and civil trials, Trump still leads Haley and the rest of the G.O.P. field in polls.And support from Democrats and corporate moguls may not endear Haley to the Republican base that will start voting on the G.O.P. candidate next month: A recent fund-raising email from Trump argued that “globalist special interest donors from both parties” are forging “an unholy alliance to beat us.”Other Republican contenders are faring even worse. The campaign of Ron DeSantis, Florida’s governor, is in turmoil. Chris Christie, the former New Jersey governor, barely qualified for the debate and faces calls to drop out to avoid fracturing the anti-Trump opposition. And Vivek Ramaswamy, the outspoken “anti-woke” entrepreneur, is fading in the polls.Some donors are just throwing up their hands. Marc Rowan, the C.E.O. of Apollo Global Management, said that the 2024 race would come down to President Biden and Trump. “Personally, I’m disappointed,” he told Bloomberg on Tuesday.In other 2024 news: Liz Cheney, the former Wyoming representative who vehemently opposes Trump, is weighing a third-party presidential run. And Biden said “I’m not sure I’d be running” for re-election were Trump not in the race for the White House.HERE’S WHAT’S HAPPENING The Supreme Court appears wary of broadly disrupting the U.S. tax code. In oral arguments for Moore v. United States, a majority of justices seemed to favor narrowly upholding a Trump-era one-time tax on foreign income. Legal experts warned that a broad ruling could lead to a redefinition of income, potentially requiring major portions of American tax law to be rewritten.CVS will change how its pharmacies are paid for drugs. The nation’s biggest pharmacy chain said it would move to a system based on how much it pays for medicines, rather than the current model that involves complex formulas. CVS said the new arrangement would give more insight into drug pricing, but skeptics argued that it may not lead to lower costs for consumers.The N.C.A.A.’s president proposes uncapped compensation for college athletes. Charlie Baker suggested that top schools set aside educational trust funds of a minimum of $30,000 annually for at least half of their athletes, and raise compensation for women. The plan — which would take a long time to put in effect — is aimed at helping protect the N.C.A.A. from antitrust inquiries.Patrick McHenry, the chair of the House Financial Services Committee, will retire. The North Carolina Republican, the first interim speaker and a champion of the crypto industry, said he wouldn’t seek re-election. Because of term limits, he wouldn’t be able to hold onto his chairmanship anyway, though his district will most likely remain in Republican hands.Bank bosses head to the Hill The heads of America’s biggest banks, including Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan Chase and David Solomon of Goldman Sachs, are expected to go on the offensive on Wednesday at a Senate Banking Committee hearing, arguing that new regulation would help create further instability in the sector and harm borrowers.Capital rules will be in focus. Industry lobbying groups have pushed back in recent months against the so-called Basel III Endgame that would require banks to keep billions on their books as a backstop for potential losses. (Basel refers to the international banking standards committee.) The Fed and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation are among the regulators seeking higher capital requirements after the regional banking crisis set off by the collapse of Silicon Valley Bank.The hearing may be the bankers’ last best chance to push their case that the Basel proposal should be watered down or scrapped. In prepared remarks, Dimon said the proposal “would unjustifiably and unnecessarily increase capital requirements by 20-25 percent for the largest banks.” That would force lenders to pull back, creating “a harmful ripple effect on the economy, markets, businesses of all sizes and American households,” he said.The proposal would have an inflationary side effect, driving up the cost of credit for its clients, Solomon warned in his prepared remarks, which in turn “will likely get passed on to consumers.”The pushback comes as America’s lenders contend with a slew of challenges. High interest rates and a slowing economy have put the crimp on their core lending business. Banking watchdogs, meanwhile, remain concerned about lenders’ exposure to the pandemic-hit commercial real estate sector.Don’t expect progressive senators to be swayed. In a statement, the committee wrote that “while Wall Street banks argue that stronger rules to protect the public will be too expensive, they are actually making trillions of dollars in profits every year and paying C.E.O.s several hundred times more than their median workers.”Europe races to regulate A.I. The first big regulatory regime for artificial intelligence could be signed as early as Wednesday, with European Union lawmakers in the final stages of debating the A.I. Act. The rules wouldn’t take effect for 18 months, but they represent an effort by governments to catch up with the development of a transformative technology that has exploded into the public consciousness since the introduction of ChatGPT a year ago.Europe has long been one of the most aggressive tech regulators. From data privacy to tech sector M&A, the E.U. has often been ahead of others. But the fast pace of A.I. development is testing regulators’ ability to keep up. The A.I. Act was introduced in 2021, but the tech has advanced significantly during that time. Other governments are deliberating their own rules. President Biden issued an executive order in October focused on A.I. and national security; Japan is drafting nonbinding guidelines for the technology and China has imposed restrictions on certain types of A.I. Last month, Britain hosted an A.I. safety summit for tech leaders and policymakers that included the U.S. and China.E.U. lawmakers are trying to impose guardrails without killing innovation. Some say the rules need to address the underlying technology, and are pushing to stop the use of A.I. in biometric surveillance.But some member states want opt-out options. Last month, France, Germany and Italy came out against strict regulation of general-purpose A.I. models for fear of hurting domestic start-ups. Some member states also want exceptions for national security, defense and military purposes.The latest draft of the A.I. Act focuses on “high risk” uses, including law enforcement, school admissions and hiring. Some applications, like chatbots and software that creates manipulated images, will have to make clear to people that they are A.I.-generated. Congress takes on campus battles The presidents of Harvard, M.I.T. and the University of Pennsylvania faced a congressional grilling on Tuesday over a growing wave of hate speech and antisemitism on their campuses that has angered some business leaders and prominent donors since the war in Gaza began in October.College leaders admitted to difficulties in confronting hate and preserving free speech. “I know that I have not always gotten it right,” Claudine Gay, Harvard’s president, told the House Committee on Education and the Workforce. She has come under intense pressure from influential professors, graduates and donors, including the former Treasury secretary Larry Summers and Pershing Square Capital Management’s Bill Ackman, to do more to protect students.After the hearing, Ackman called on all three to “resign in disgrace.” Summers said that Gay’s ideals were “just the right ones,” but that “there’s a lot of work to do.”Preserving students’ safety and civil rights has become a national focus. The Education Department’s Office for Civil Rights recently opened an investigation into complaints of antisemitism at Harvard. That came after a series of federal civil rights investigations into complaints of discrimination against students at some of America’s most prestigious universities, including Harvard, Penn and Columbia. Some schools have formed new task forces to address the growing concerns.The financial stakes are high. Schools that run afoul of civil rights laws could risk losing federal funding. Meanwhile, major university donors are using their clout to call attention to the rise of antisemitism on campus, pushing schools to do more to address the matter. These wealthy alumni are urging others to fight back, too.“We have our own war here in the U.S.,” Marc Rowan, the C.E.O. of Apollo Global Management, said at a recent fund-raiser. Rowan, who has criticized his alma mater, Penn, for its handling of antisemitism, renewed his call to hold the institutions accountable, “financially or otherwise.”THE SPEED READ DealsShares in British American Tobacco tumbled after the company announced a $31.5 billion write-down of its U.S. cigarette brands, six years after buying Reynolds American for $49 billion. (NYT)Elon Musk’s artificial intelligence start-up, xAI, filed to raise up to $1 billion in new capital. (The Verge)How Jeff Ubben’s second act, as an environmentally minded activist investor, fell apart. (FT)PolicyChina’s leader, Xi Jinping, is conducting a purge of the top ranks of the country’s political system, a move that could have implications for the global economy and regional stability. (Politico)A group of nuns that owns a stake in Smith & Wesson sued the gun maker, arguing that its sales and marketing strategy for the AR-15 rifle is putting shareholders’ investments at risk. (WSJ)Best of the restHollywood actors ratified their union’s labor deal with movie and television studios, but some had reservations about its guardrails on the use of artificial intelligence. (NYT)Israeli securities regulators said they found no trading abnormalities ahead of the Oct. 7 Hamas-led attacks, after researchers said they had found a spike in short-selling. (Bloomberg)Is it time to give up vinyl records in the name of climate change? (Guardian)We’d like your feedback! Please email thoughts and suggestions to dealbook@nytimes.com. More