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    A history of violence: Senate hears how Trump stoked Capitol assault over years | David Smith's sketch

    It was “a little terrifying”, Eleanor Roosevelt told the Associated Press about her husband Franklin’s inauguration as US president in 1933. “The crowds were so tremendous. And you felt that they would do anything – if only someone would tell them what to do.”The ability of leaders to turns crowds into mobs and bend them to their will has been a constant in history and was a focus of the third day of former US president Donald Trump’s impeachment trial in the Senate on Thursday.Video clips showed how the mob on 6 January built an unstoppable momentum, with Trump supporters feeding off each other’s energy and feeling emboldened to act in ways as a collective that many might have hesitated to do as individuals.Their allegiance to Trump carried echoes of cultists, religious fanatics or 1980s English football hooligans – blind devotion to one man or tribe unleashing irrational passions and the belief that anything is permitted.What the trial could not dwell on was the complex psychological, sociological and cultural threads of why these people came to be seduced by a demagogue so that they were ready to “fight for Trump”, brand the police “traitors” and desecrate a temple of US democracy.Nor could it investigate America’s historical fascination with violence, from the massacres of Native Americans to the slavery of Africans, from school shootings to the death penalty, from foreign wars to the assassinations of four US presidents.And the House impeachment managers said little about the complicity of rightwing media, social media platforms or Republican politicians, some of whom were sitting in the Senate chamber itself.Their focus is not on the collaborators but Trump himself and how he spent years fueling a climate of violence, sowing distrust in election integrity and manipulating the emotions of Americans who were then willing to walk on hot coals on his behalf.“January 6 was not some unexpected radical break from his normal law-abiding and peaceful disposition,” said lead manager Jamie Raskin. “This was his essential MO. He knew that egged on by his tweets, his lies and his promise of a ‘wild’ time in Washington to guarantee his grip on power, his most extreme followers would show up bright and early, ready to attack, ready to engage in violence, ready to ‘fight like hell’ for their hero.”Screams resounded in the ornate Senate chamber as the trial again considered audio and video evidence from the assault on the Capitol as well as clinical documents. In an indictment, one invader said: “DC. Trump wants all able-bodied Patriots to come.” In a criminal complaint, Bruno Cua was quoted as saying: “President Trump is calling us to FIGHT!” and “This isn’t a joke.”Samuel Fisher, arrested in connection with the siege, wrote on his website: “Trump just needs to fire the bat signal … deputize patriots … and then the pain comes.”There was a video in which one rioter said to another as they entered a congressional office: “He’ll be happy – what do you mean, we’re fighting for Trump.” Social media footage caught people shouting: “We were invited here!”And after the insurrection, estate agent Jenna Ryan told CBS News: “I thought I was following my president. I thought I was following what we were called to do.” Another told the New York Times: “We wait and take orders from our president.”Congresswoman Diana DeGette told the Senate: “Their own statements before, during and after the attack make clear the attack was done for Donald Trump at his instructions and to fulfill his wishes.“They truly believed that the whole intrusion was at the president’s orders. This was not a hidden crime. The president told them to be there, so they actually believed they would face no punishment.”The mob repeated language they heard from Trump such as “fight like hell” and “stop the steal”, DeGette added. “They came because he told them to. And they did stop our proceedings – temporarily – because he told them to.”But after the riot, she continued, Jacob Chansley, who infamously wore furs and a horned headdress in the Capitol building, expressed regret and said he felt “duped” by Trump – a hint of awakening to his otherwise extraordinary power of mind control.The prosecutors went on to put the riot in the context of Trump’s repeated comments condoning and glorifying violence and praising “both sides” after the 2017 outbreak at the white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, Virginia.Raskin said: “There’s a pattern staring us in the face. When Donald Trump tells the crowd as he did on January 6 to fight like hell or you won’t have a country any more, he meant for them to fight like hell.”Earlier this week, Trump’s bumbling defense lawyers argued that the real motivation of the trial is stop him running for president again. The Democratic House impeachment managers have been careful to mostly avoid this topic lest it make the charge of partisanship too easy.But Raskin went there on Thursday, asking senators whether they honestly believe Trump would not incite more violence if he occupied the White House again. “Would you bet the lives of more police officers on that?” he demanded. “Would you bet the safety of your family on that? Would you bet the future of your democracy on that?“If he gets back into office and it happens again, we’ll have no one to blame but ourselves.” More

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    'A wake-up call': impeachment managers warn against acquitting Trump – video

    House impeachment managers warned that more political violence could occur if Trump is not held accountable. Representative Diana DeGette argued the vote to impeach would make sure this would never happen again.
    The  managers rested their case on the third day of the trial after presenting arguments for convicting Donald Trump.
    US politics: latest updates More

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    Impeachment trial: mob 'believed they were acting on Trump's orders'

    Sign up for the Guardian’s First Thing newsletterThe insurrectionists who attacked the US Capitol on 6 January believed they were acting on instructions from Donald Trump, House Democrats said on Thursday as they launched the final stretch of their arguments to convict Trump during his impeachment trial.Diana DeGette, a Democratic congresswoman from Colorado, played several video clips and pointed to legal documents in which the attackers said they were following Trump’s wishes. In one clip, protesters screamed at police that they had been invited to the Capitol by Trump“They didn’t shy away from their crimes, because they thought they were following orders from the commander-in-chief. And so they would not be punished,” she said. “They came because he told them to.”Congressman Jamie Raskin, the lead impeachment manager, walked senators through several instances in which Trump had encouraged and sanctioned violence by his supporters.Those examples included Trump’s repeated attacks on the Michigan governor, Gretchen Whitmer, a Democrat, last year.After Trump’s repeated attacks, his supporters, some heavily armed, invaded the Michigan state capitol in Lansing last April, which Raskin said was a “dress rehearsal” for what was to come on 6 January in Washington.Trump did not condemn the attack, Raskin noted, leading supporters to again storm the state capitol two weeks later. The dangerous consequences of Trump’s rhetoric would become clearest in October, the congressman alleged, when 13 men were charged in connection with a plot to kidnap Whitmer.“These tactics were road-tested,” Raskin said. “January 6 was a culmination of the president’s actions, not an aberration from them.”The argument rebuts the point, advanced by Trump’s lawyers in their impeachment briefs, that Trump’s speech during a rally near the White House on 6 January is protected by the first amendment to the US constitution, governing free speech, and that he does not bear responsibility for what the rioters chose to do afterwards.House Democrats were expected to focus on Donald Trump’s “lack of remorse” and the lasting damage of the 6 January attack on the US Capitol as they conclude their case for convicting Trump in the ongoing impeachment trial.The impeachment managers – House Democrats essentially serving as prosecutors – will continue to focus on Trump’s role in the attack as well as the deep toll and harm from it, according to senior aides.Their presentation on Thursday follows a day when Democrats repeatedly showed harrowing video of the 6 January attack, some of it never publicly seen before.The disturbing security camera footage and other video clips came as they laid out a meticulous case for how Trump deliberately fomented the violence on 6 January and then, once it began, abdicated his constitutional duty to protect the United States.The footage shown in the session in the Senate on Wednesday included a revelation that the Utah Republican senator Mitt Romney was extremely close to the mob overrunning the Capitol until he was tapped on the shoulder by the Capitol police officer Eugene Goodman and told to turn around.Other footage showed Daniel Hodges, another officer, yelling as he was crushed in a doorway – an image that visibly upset some of the senators watching the proceeding.Tommy Tuberville, a Republican senator from Alabama, also revealed on Wednesday that he had told Trump that his vice-president, Mike Pence, had been evacuated from the Senate chamber as the attack was ongoing.The disclosure was significant because it suggested Trump was aware Pence was in danger as he attacked him on Twitter on 6 January for not overturning the electoral college vote.The disclosure also supports the narrative from House impeachment managers that Trump violated his presidential oath by not doing anything to stop an attack on the US government.The Democrats remain unlikely to succeed in getting the Senate to convict Trump and bar him from holding future office. They need to get 17 Republican senators to vote for conviction, a high bar.Still, impeachment aides projected confidence it was one they could clear.Aides who worked on Trump’s first impeachment trial said there was a notable difference on Tuesday in how the senators responded.“It’s really hard to think of a moment from the first trial where all 100 senators sat at attention and were as rapt and challenged by the evidence as we saw yesterday,” an aide said.To support their argument that they can convince Republicans to vote for conviction, aides have pointed to the Louisiana senator Bill Cassidy, a Republican who voted on Tuesday to proceed with the trial after voting not to do so last month.Other Republicans show no signs of budging. The South Carolina senator Lindsey Graham, a close ally of Trump, called the Wednesday presentation “offensive and absurd”. Senator Marco Rubio of Florida said earlier this week there was nothing the impeachment managers could say to convince him the trial was constitutional.Once the impeachment managers wrap up their case, Trump’s lawyers will have a chance to begin their defense of the former president in full.That defense, likely to begin on Friday, did not get off to the strongest start on Tuesday when Bruce Castor, one of Trump’s attorneys, gave a meandering opening argument. Trump was reportedly furious with the presentation, although Castor has said the president was pleased.Trump’s team will have 16 hours to make their case, over two days, though they are not expected to use all of that time.It remains unclear whether witnesses will be called. If that is not the case the trial could end as soon as Sunday. More

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    Democrats use emotion at Senate impeachment trial: Politics Weekly Extra – podcast

    Jonathan Freedland is joined by Prof Sarah Binder of the Brookings Institution and George Washington University to look at what has happened in the Senate trial proceedings so far, and what may be yet to come

    How to listen to podcasts: everything you need to know

    On Thursday, impeachment managers will conclude their prosecution of Donald Trump, arguing that he is guilty of “the most grievous constitutional crime ever committed” by a US president. Then Trump’s defence team will have up to 16 hours to make their rebuttal. How will senators vote, and when will we know whether the Senate chooses to convict the former president and disqualify him from ever running for office again? Jonathan puts these questions and more to an expert in congressional politics, Prof Sarah Binder. Send us your questions and feedback to podcasts@theguardian.com Help support the Guardian by going to gu.com/supportpodcasts More

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    The impeachment managers reflect a diverse US – unlike the senators they seek to persuade

    One side holds up a mirror to America in 2021. The other, not so much.The nine Democratic prosecutors at Donald Trump’s second impeachment trial are made up of men and women young and old with multiple racial and religious identities.But each day in the Senate chamber they are trying to persuade a caucus of 50 Republicans still dominated by ageing white men.The contrast is not obvious on television but striking to reporters in the press gallery who gaze down at the sea of faces – clad in masks because of the coronavirus pandemic – visible above wooden desks on a tiered semicircular platform.The impeachment managers – all of whom are lawyers – from the House of Representatives are led by Jamie Raskin, who is of Jewish heritage, and include Joaquín Castro, who is Latino, Ted Lieu, who is Asian American, and Joe Neguse and Stacey Plaskett, who are African American.Neguse, whose parents came to the US as refugees from Eritrea four decades ago, is the first African American member of Congress in Colorado’s history and, at 36, the youngest ever impeachment manager.Plaskett is also making history as the first non-voting delegate to the House to be an impeachment manager. She represents the US Virgin Islands, a territory that does not have a vote in Congress, meaning that she was not permitted to vote for Trump’s impeachment on the House floor.“Virgin Islanders are always looking for space to be part of this America and try to make it better, even without a vote,” Plaskett told the Associated Press. “I’m going to make sure that their voice and the voice of people from territories representing 4 million Americans – Puerto Rico and other places – are actually heard.”The multiracial lineup of prosecutors is all the more resonant because they are detailing the actions of a mob that included white nationalist groups and flaunted regalia such as the flag of the Confederacy, which fought a civil war to preserve slavery.And the rioters’ objective was to overturn an election that Trump lost specifically by nullifying votes cast by people of colour, most of which went to his opponent, Joe Biden.Kurt Bardella, a senior adviser at the Lincoln Project, a group that campaigned for Trump’s defeat, said: “I don’t think it should be lost on anyone that the prosecution of Donald Trump and his white nationalist allies is being conducted by a very diverse group of Democrats encompassing gender, ethnicity and even religion.”On Wednesday it fell to Plaskett to remind senators that when Trump was asked to condemn the Proud Boys and white supremacists, he said: “Stand back and stand by.” The group adopted that phrase as their official slogan and even created merchandise with it that they wore at his campaign rallies.She also recounted how, on September 11, 2001, she was a member of staff at the Capitol and she might have been dead if the fourth hijacked jet that day had plunged into the Capitol, as it was believed to have been planned, instead of being taken down by heroic passengers and crashing into a field in Pennsylvania. She drew a line from that day to 6 January 2021.“When I think of that and I think of these insurgents, these images, incited by our own president of the United States, attacking this Capitol to stop the certification of a presidential election,” she said, enunciating each syllable, then pausing before adding, “our democracy, our republic.”In those days Plaskett was a Republican and later worked in the Department of Justice in the administration of George W Bush, converting to become a Democrat in 2008, and winning a place in Congress in 2014.She had studied in Washington DC, at Georgetown University as an undergraduate, then attended law school at American University, where Raskin was her law professor, which he noted in the Senate chamber on Wednesday was “a special point of pride” for him.At the trial, the juxtaposition of Plaskett – the only Black woman in the chamber now that Senator Kamala Harris has departed for the vice-presidency – delivering this evidence was inescapably potent.Bardella reflected: “When you’re talking about the Proud Boys being told to ‘stand back and stand by’, I think the articulation of that prosecution is made even more impactful and powerful when it’s being made by people of colour, by people who really represent symbolically the very thing that these people were protesting and trying to insurrect on January 6.“It’s the very notion of people of colour in roles of power and prominence that white nationalists rebelled against. At the heart of all of this is the systematic effort by the Republican party to disenfranchise voters of colour and to disqualify legal votes cast by people of colour in this country. That is at the epicentre of this entire conflict.”The impeachment managers have made a blistering start as they seek to demonstrate that Trump was “inciter-in-chief” of the deadly violence at the US Capitol. They have used the former president’s own rally speeches and tweets to show that he spent months pushing “the big lie” of a stolen election and urging his supporters to “fight like hell”.But it remains extremely unlikely that they will get the 17 Republican senators they need for a conviction. The trial is likely to be another case study in how far apart the two major parties have grown. Despite some notable gains among voters of colour last year, Republicans have only one Black senator: Tim Scott of South Carolina.LaTosha Brown, co-founder of Black Voters Matter, said: “The diversity on the Democratic side is reflective of America: more inclusive, more diversity of thought. My grandmother used to say, the GOP [Grand Old Party] has built their castle on sinking sand. Their entire existence has been centred around white male privilege and lack of accountability for white men of means.“So the visual on their side shows it is not reflective of America, only a particularly elite class in America. The second distinction is the argument. Trump’s defence team haven’t even met the standard of mediocrity, in my opinion. They have been absolutely awful. I do think that’s indicative that white men have literally never had to fully defend themselves.” More

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    The key Capitol attack footage shown on day two of Trump's impeachment trial – video

    In their prosecution of Donald Trump for inciting the 6 January attack on the United States Capitol in Washington DC, Democratic impeachment managers have focused on videos of the event, including previously unseen footage.
    The managers, who act as prosecutors in the case, have shown clips to their audience of senators, who are in effect acting as jurors.
    The shocking footage shown on Wednesday revealed the full scale and danger of the attack on the Capitol, including threats to some senators who were now sitting in the chamber during the trial
    Trump trial shown disturbing footage of lawmakers ‘hunted’ by Capitol mob
    Five shocking videos from the Capitol attack shown at Trump’s impeachment trial More

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    Keeping his counsel: Biden stays quiet on Trump impeachment trial

    Joe Biden is taking a hands-off approach to the second impeachment of Donald Trump.As the Senate moves forward with impeaching the 45th president a second time, the current president has opted to steer clear of involving himself too closely in the proceedings.During a White House press briefing this week Jen Psaki, the Biden administration’s press secretary, was pressed on whether Biden would weigh in on the impeachment.“Well, first, the president himself would tell you that we keep him pretty busy, and he has a full schedule this week, which we will continue to keep you abreast of” Psaki said.Psaki went on to say that Biden’s schedule includes a visit to the Department of Defense, meetings with business leaders, governors and mayors, and a heavy focus on a Covid relief plan seen as vital to the nation’s fight against the coronavirus pandemic.“So he … I think it’s clear from his schedule, and from his intention, he will not spend too much time watching the proceedings,” Psaki continued. “He will remain closely in touch with [House] Speaker Pelosi, Leader [Chuck] Schumer, a range of officials on the Hill about his plan. And that’s exactly what they want him to do, is to remain focused on that.“And he will leave the pace and the process and the mechanics of the impeachment proceedings up to members of Congress.”Instead, Biden officials and the president himself are stressing that their focus is on passing a large Covid relief bill. What Congress does is up to Congress, they argue.Biden echoed Psaki’s remarks during an appearance in front of the press while meeting with business leaders. He said he would not be watching the trial.“I am not,” Biden said when asked if he was watching the impeachment proceedings. “Look, I told you before: I have a job. My job is to keep people … we’ve already lost over 450,000 people. We’re going to lose a whole lot more if we don’t act, and act decisively and quickly.”Biden continued: “A lot of families are food insecure. They’re in trouble. That’s my job. The Senate has their job; they’re about to begin it. I’m sure they’re going to conduct themselves well. And that’s all I’m going to have to say about impeachment.”The political calculationbehind this hands-off approach to Trump’s impeachment trial is that there’s not much to be gained by Biden speaking out. Even though the Senate voted that impeaching Trump a second time is constitutional, his actual conviction is still a long shot. It’s unlikely anything Biden did say would sway the requisite number of Republicans needed to successfully convict Trump and thereby bar him from ever running for office again.Though, despite his current silence, Biden has previously weighed in on the necessity of impeaching Trump for his involvement in inciting a mob to attack the Capitol on January. In January Biden told CNN “I think it has to happen.” More