UK Politics

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inboxGet our free View from Westminster emailExam submissions generated by artificial intelligence (AI) can not only evade detection but also earn higher grades than those submitted by university students, a real-world test has shown.The findings come as concerns mount about students submitting AI-generated work as their own, with questions being raised about the academic integrity of universities and other higher education institutions.The data in our study shows it is very difficult to detect AI-generated answersPeter Scarfe, Reading’s School of Psychology and Clinical Language SciencesIt also shows even experienced markers could struggle to spot answers generated by AI, the University of Reading academics said.Peter Scarfe, an associate professor at Reading’s School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences said the findings should serve as a “wake-up call” for educational institutions as AI tools such as ChatGPT become more advanced and widespread.He said: “The data in our study shows it is very difficult to detect AI-generated answers.“There has been quite a lot of talk about the use of so-called AI detectors, which are also another form of AI but (the scope here) is limited.”For the study, published in the journal Plos One, Prof Scarfe and his team generated answers to exam questions using GPT-4 and submitted these on behalf of 33 fake students.Exam markers at Reading’s School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences were unaware of the study.Answers submitted for many undergraduate psychology modules went undetected in 94% of cases and, on average, got higher grades than real student submissions, Prof Scarfe said.He said AI did particularly well in the first and second years of study but struggled more in the final year of study module.Last year Russell Group universities, which include Oxford, Cambridge, Imperial College London and other top universities, pledged to allow ethical use of AI in teaching and assessments, with many others following suit.We won’t necessarily go back fully to hand-written exams, but global education sector will need to evolve in the face of AIProf Peter ScarfeBut Prof Scarfe said the education sector will need to constantly adapt and update guidance as generative AI continues to evolve and become more sophisticated.He said universities should focus on working out how to embrace the “new normal” of AI in order to enhance education.Prof Scarfe added that reverting back to in-person sit-down exam assessments, would “be a step backwards in many ways”.He said: “Many institutions have moved away from traditional exams to make assessment more inclusive.“Our research shows it is of international importance to understand how AI will affect the integrity of educational assessments.“We won’t necessarily go back fully to hand-written exams, but the global education sector will need to evolve in the face of AI.”We need to double down on our commitment to academic and research integrityCo-author Professor Etienne RoeschStudy co-author Professor Etienne Roesch, of Reading’s School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, added: “As a sector, we need to agree how we expect students to use and acknowledge the role of AI in their work.“The same is true of the wider use of AI in other areas of life to prevent a crisis of trust across society.“Our study highlights the responsibility we have as producers and consumers of information.“We need to double down on our commitment to academic and research integrity.” More

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inboxGet our free View from Westminster emailSir Keir Starmer has warned striking junior doctors in his strongest words yet that he will not give them the 35 per cent pay rise they are demanding.Junior doctors are set to start their 11th walkout on Thursday morning in a bid to apply political pressure during the general election with a refusal to back down over their pay demands.The latest five-day strike comes during the hottest week of the year and off the back of a cyberattack on London hospitals which has already resulted in thousands of operations being cancelled. This week will also see NHS services deal with major events such as Glastonbury and the London Pride march. The head of NHS England, Amanda Pritchard, and leading health officials have sent warnings about the pressure expected on hospitals over the next week. Labour had appealed to doctors to await the outcome of the election before taking industrial action again, with the polls strongly indicating that Sir Keir and his party will be taking power on 5 July.But the opposition leader used his firmest language yet to make clear he will not bow to pressure for a huge pay rise. He told The Independent: “We’re not going to pay 35 per cent, we’ve told them that upfront. They know that.“With negotiations, we need to find a way through it. But you know, to be absolutely blunt, we’re not going to 35 per cent; they know that and we are being clear about it from the outset.”Starmer will not back down on junior doctors pay demands More

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inboxGet our free View from Westminster emailRishi Sunak and Sir Keir Starmer are set to go head-to-head on Wednesday evening as the BBC hosts the final leaders’ debate before the general election.The televised event will be the last chance the two party leaders have to put their policies before a live audience chosen by pollster Savanta. It comes as ITV and Sky News hosted their own debates throughout the month of June. From a debate stage at Nottingham Trent University, the contenders to be prime minister will face moments of jeopardy and opportunity during 75 minutes. Tonight’s debate will be hosted by Mishal Husain, a senior radio presenter and TV host who has been at the BBC since 1998. Mishal Husain presented the seven-way BBC debate More

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inboxGet our free View from Westminster emailRishi Sunak has become so unpopular that many Tory candidates are deliberately keeping him off their leaflets and telling voters they are “different to the prime minister.”An investigation by The Independent has revealed the scale of Conservative candidates rejecting their own leader in a desperate bid to get elected when polling opens on 4 July.The gambling scandal and the D-Day fiasco, when he left the commemorations early in Normandy, appear to have sealed Mr Sunak’s reputation as a vote loser with his candidates.Redfield and Wilton Strategies earlier this month found Mr Sunak’s approval rating with all voters had fallen to minus 27, the lowest the polling firm has ever recorded for him as either prime minister or chancellor.Rishi Sunak has been excluded from many Tory leaflets by candidates More

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inboxGet our free View from Westminster emailThe Conservative government has given more than £1m of taxpayer funds to a firm that bribed Muammar Gaddafi’s son during the Gaddafi dictatorship.The government awarded a £1.2m contract to AtkinsRéalis, a company that pleaded guilty to bribing the son of Muammar Gaddafi with tens of millions of dollars to win contracts in Libya in the decade before the dictator’s downfall between 2001 and 2011.Department for Transport documents reveal the firm bid for the contract for the provision of specialist technical and commercial advice to support its oversight of rail fares, ticketing and retailing policy.Former Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi More

Tory election betting probe: ‘Totally unacceptable’ if rules broken says Welsh secretarySign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inboxGet our free View from Westminster emailLabour has suspended a party member after being arrested in connection of the honeytrap scandal that rocked Westminster. The Metropolitan Police confirmed a man was taken into custody from Islington this morning after an investigation was launched in April when multiple MPs, staffers and political journalists were sent “unsolicited messages”. As Westminster reels with gambling accusations, Sir Keir Starmer has refused to change betting rules in light of the escalating betting scandal.During a campaign trail visit in Leicestershire, the Labour leader claimed he was “resistant to go down the road of let’s change the rules” and blamed the politicians involved in the saga.It comes as he hailed his response to the Gambling Conission investigating Labour candidate Kevin Craig showed assertive leadership in contrast to “inaction” from Sunak. Sir Ed Davey has admitted he placed a bet on the outcome of the 2010 general election and Tory cabinet minister Alister Jack insisted he has broken no rules after placing bets on the date of the general election.As we race towards polling day, the prime minister and Sir Keir Starmer will go head to head for a final TV debate tonight on BBC at 8.15pm. Show latest update 1719411587What is the Westminster honeytrap scandal?Back in April the Met confirmed it was investigating reports from several victims of unsolicited messages being sent to MPs and staff working in Westminster. A long list of men revealed they were sent flirtatious WhatsApp texts from people nicknamed as “Charlie” or “Abi”. In many cases they were sent explicit images and texts. Conservative MP at the time William Wrag resigned from the party after admitting he gave phone numbers of fellow MPs to a man he met on a dating app.Targeted victims included Tory Luke Evans who claimed he became a victim of “cyber-flashing and malicious communications”.As many as 20 people working in the political field are thought to have received unsolicited texts. William Wragg resigned the Conservative whip after admitting he disclosed politicians’ phone numbers to a suspected scammer (UK Parliament) More

Sign up for the View from Westminster email for expert analysis straight to your inboxGet our free View from Westminster emailA Labour party member has been arrested in connection with the “honeytrap” scandal which rocked Westminster. The man, in his mid-twenties, was taken into custody from an address in Islington on Wednesday morning, the Metropolitan Police said. Multiple victims have been told by the force that he was arrested on suspicion of offences under the Online Safety Act and harassment. Labour is understood to have suspended him after it was notified of his arrest. The honeytrap scandal rocked Westminster when it emerged in AprilEarlier this year high-profile MP William Wragg was suspended by the Conservatives over his role in the scandal.He admitted sharing the phone numbers of colleagues with the scammer after he shared explicit images of himself when they began talking on a dating app.Mr Wragg told the Times he was “scared” because the man had compromising information on him.In April the Met had launched an investigation after “unsolicited messages” were sent to a number of MPs, staffers and political journalists working in Westminster. It came after Politico reported that political figures had received the unsolicited messages from someone using two unfamiliar numbers calling themselves “Abi” or “Charlie”.The messages would include details of the MPs and staffers’ careers and campaigns they had worked on to build rapport with victims. They would then descend into sexually explicit messaging, with “Abi” or “Charlie” sending graphic images to victims and asking for nude photographs in return. It is understood that two of the individuals targeted responded by sending an explicit image of themselves, with the attack described as an attempt at spear phishing. Spear phishing involves scammers pretending to be trusted senders in order to steal personal or sensitive information.William Wragg admitted his involvement in a honeytrap scheme targeting Westminster politicians More

Sign up to our free Brexit and beyond email for the latest headlines on what Brexit is meaning for the UKSign up to our Brexit email for the latest insightA decline in effective governance and the “long-term scars” caused by austerity and Brexit have stifled economic growth and undermined social cohesion in the UK, according to a major study.Researchers concluded that an incoming government must make up for a “lost” decade and a half since the global financial crisis in 2008.Political scandals, such as lockdown rule-breaking in Downing Street during the pandemic and breaches of parliamentary standards by MPs, “amplified public discontent”, leading to near-record low levels of trust in many UK public institutions, the report adds.It called for urgent structural changes required to prevent “severe problems” affecting citizens’ quality of life.Researchers at the University of California, Los Angeles have warned that the next government will face “several interlocking crises” caused by past failings, with a decline in the quality of governance identified as the key cause.The report highlights that the UK’s governance has repeatedly been among the highest performing countries globally.But it identified “signs of stagnation and erosion”, with a particular focus on a lack of state capacity to address pressing social and economic challenges.The research evaluated the last 14 years of Conservative rule using the Berggruen Governance Index.This assessment views quality of life among a population as resulting from the interaction between the strength of democratic accountability and the capacity of government to function effectively.Researchers said the UK began the new millennium with high levels of government performance, but they identified factors which were said to have subsequently weakened democracy and state capacity.These included a lack of investment in infrastructure and growing regional inequalities which “resulted in a palpable political backlash”, particularly since the mid-2010s.It added: “The immediate result of frequent scandals and low economic performance will likely be the repudiation of the Conservative Party on a historic scale at the polls on July 4.“However, the (likely) incoming Labour government will have a daunting task ahead as it seeks to restore public trust and rebuild an economic model for long-term growth.”Labour leader Sir Keir Starmer and shadow health secretary Wes Streeting More